The following is the list of purpose-built passenger jet airliners. It excludes turboprop and reciprocating engine powered airliners. It also excludes business jets and aircraft designed primarily for the transportation of air cargo.
Type | Origin | Engines [lower-alpha 1] | First Flight | Airline service entry | Number Built | In Service [1] [lower-alpha 2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Airbus A220 | Canada | 2 | 2013 | 2016 | 287 (September 2023) [2] | 287 (September 2023) |
Airbus A320 | Multinational | 2 | 1987 | 1988 | 11,524 (as of June 2024) [2] | 10,314 (September 2023) |
Airbus A330 | Multinational | 2 | 1992 | 1994 | 1,809 (September 2023) [2] | 1,463 (September 2023) [2] |
Airbus A330neo | Multinational | 2 | 2017 | 2018 | 123 (January 2024) [2] | 123 (January 2024) [2] |
Airbus A350 XWB | Multinational | 2 | 2013 | 2014 | 557 (September 2023) [2] | 556 (September 2023) |
Antonov An-148/An-158 | Ukraine | 2 | 2004 | 2009 | 37 | 8 |
Boeing 737 | United States | 2 | 1967 | 1968 | 11,513 (July 2023) [3] | 7,649 |
Boeing 767 | United States | 2 | 1981 | 1982 | 1,283 (July 2023) [3] | 764 |
Boeing 777 | United States | 2 | 1994 | 1995 | 1,713 (July 2023) [3] | 1,483 |
Boeing 787 Dreamliner | United States | 2 | 2009 | 2011 | 1,072 (July 2023) [3] | 1,069 |
Comac ARJ21 Xiangfeng | China | 2 | 2008 | 2015 | 127 | 122 |
Comac C919 | China | 2 | 2017 | 2023 | 11 | 5 |
Embraer E-Jet family | Brazil | 2 | 2002 | 2004 | 1,671 (June 2023) [4] | 1,443 |
Embraer E-Jet E2 family | Brazil | 2 | 2016 | 2018 | 81 (June 2023) [4] | 23 |
Ilyushin Il-96 | Russia | 4 | 1988 | 1992 | 33 (October 2023) | 4 |
Sukhoi Superjet SSJ100 | Russia | 2 | 2008 | 2011 | 221 (February 2022) | 160 |
Tupolev Tu-204/Tu-214 | Russia | 2 | 1989 | 1996 | 89 (May 2021) | 18 |
Type | Origin | Engines [lower-alpha 3] | First Flight | Airline service entry | End of Production | Number Built | In Service [1] [lower-alpha 4] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comac C929 | China | 2 | to be announced | to be announced | to be announced | ||
Comac C939 | China | 2 | to be announced | to be announced | to be announced | ||
Irkut MC-21 | Russia | 2 | 2017 | 2024 (planned) | to be introduced | 5 |
Type | Country | Engines [lower-alpha 5] | First Flight | Airline service entry | End of Production | Number Built | In Service [1] [lower-alpha 6] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Airbus A300 | Multinational | 2 | 1972 | 1974 | 2007 | 561 | 216 (September 2023) [2] |
Airbus A310 | Multinational | 2 | 1982 | 1983 | 1998 | 255 | 48 (August 2023) [2] |
Airbus A318 | Multinational | 2 | 2002 | 2003 | 2013 | 80 | 57 (September 2023) |
Airbus A340 | Multinational | 4 | 1991 | 1993 | 2011 | 377 | 202 (September 2023) [2] |
Airbus A380 | Multinational | 4 | 2005 | 2007 | 2021 | 251 [2] | 232 (September 2023) [2] |
Boeing 717 | United States | 2 | 1997 | 1999 | 2006 | 156 | 145 |
Boeing 727 | United States | 3 | 1963 | 1964 | 1984 | 1,832 | 44 |
Boeing 747 | United States | 4 | 1969 | 1970 | 2022 | 1,574 [5] | 481 |
Boeing 757 | United States | 2 | 1982 | 1983 | 2004 | 1,050 | 683 |
Bombardier CRJ100/200/440 | Canada | 2 | 1991 | 1992 | 2006 | 1,021 | 621 |
Bombardier CRJ700/705/900/1000 | Canada | 2 | 1999 | 2001 | 2020 | 924 | 825 |
British Aerospace 146/Avro RJ | UK | 4 | 1981 | 1983 | 2001 | 387 | 204 |
Douglas DC-8 | United States | 4 | 1958 | 1959 | 1972 | 556 | 9 |
Embraer ERJ family | Brazil | 2 | 1995 | 1996 | 2020 | 1,231 | 610 |
Fairchild Dornier 328JET | Germany | 2 | 1998 | 1999 | 2002 | 110 | 18 |
Fokker 100 | Netherlands | 2 | 1986 | 1988 | 1997 | 283 | 109 |
Fokker 70 | Netherlands | 2 | 1993 | 1994 | 1997 | 48 | 35 |
Ilyushin Il-62 | USSR/Russia | 4 | 1963 | 1967 | 1995 | 292 | 5 |
McDonnell Douglas DC-9 | United States | 2 | 1965 | 1965 | 1982 | 976 | 34 |
McDonnell Douglas DC-9 Super 80/MD-80 | United States [lower-alpha 7] | 2 | 1979 | 1980 | 1999 | 1,191 | 250 |
McDonnell Douglas DC-10/MD-10 | United States | 3 | 1970 | 1971 | 1988 | 386 | 27 |
McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | United States | 3 | 1990 | 1990 | 2000 | 200 | 120 |
Tupolev Tu-134 | USSR | 2 | 1963 | 1967 | 1984 | 854 | 2 |
Tupolev Tu-154 | USSR/Russia | 3 | 1968 | 1972 | 2013 | 1,026 | 9 |
Yakovlev Yak-40 | USSR | 3 | 1966 | 1968 | 1981 | 1,011 | 20 |
Yakovlev Yak-42 | USSR/Russia | 3 | 1975 | 1980 | 2003 | 185 | 28 |
Type | Country | Engines [lower-alpha 8] | First Flight | Airline service entry | End of Production | Number Built | Year Retired [lower-alpha 9] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
McDonnell Douglas MD-90 | United States | 2 | 1993 | 1995 | 2000 | 116 | 2020 |
Fokker F28 Fellowship | Netherlands | 2 | 1967 | 1969 | 1987 | 241 | 2020 |
VFW-Fokker 614 | Germany | 2 | 1971 | 1975 | 1978 | 19 | 2012 |
Vickers VC10 | UK | 4 | 1962 | 1964 | 1970 | 54 | 2013 |
Tupolev Tu-334 | Russia | 2 | 1999 | cancelled | 2009 | 2 | cancelled |
Tupolev Tu-104 | USSR | 2 | 1955 | 1956 | 1960 | 201 | 1981 |
Tupolev Tu-110 | USSR | 4 | 1957 | cancelled | 1957 | 4 | cancelled |
Tupolev Tu-124 | USSR | 2 | 1960 | 1962 | 1965 | 164 | 1991 |
Tupolev Tu-144 | USSR | 4 | 1968 | 1977 | 1983 | 16 | 1999 |
Shanghai Y-10 | China | 4 | 1980 | cancelled | 1980 | 3 | cancelled |
Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle | France | 2 | 1955 | 1959 | 1973 | 282 | 2005 |
Lockheed L-1011 TriStar | United States | 3 | 1970 | 1972 | 1984 | 250 | 2020 (Stargazer remains the last in service) |
Ilyushin Il-86 | USSR | 4 | 1976 | 1980 | 1995 | 106 | 2011 (civilian service) |
Hawker Siddeley HS121 Trident | UK | 3 [lower-alpha 10] | 1962 | 1964 | 1978 | 117 | 1995 |
Convair 880 | United States | 4 | 1959 | 1960 | 1962 | 65 | 2000 |
Convair 990 Coronado | United States | 4 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 37 | 1994 |
Dassault Mercure 100 | France | 2 | 1971 | 1974 | 1975 | 12 | 1995 |
de Havilland DH 106 Comet | UK | 4 | 1949 | 1952 | 1964 | 112 | 1997 |
Boeing 720 | United States | 4 | 1959 | 1960 | 1967 | 154 | 2010 |
Avro Canada C102 Jetliner | Canada | 4 | 1949 | cancelled | 1949 | 1 | cancelled |
Baade 152 | East Germany | 4 | 1958 | cancelled | 1961 | 3 | cancelled |
BAC One-Eleven | UK [lower-alpha 11] | 2 | 1963 | 1965 | 1989 | 244 | 2019 |
Rombac 1-11 | Romania [lower-alpha 12] | 2 | 1982 | 1983 | 1993 | 9 | 2019 |
Boeing 707 | United States | 4 | 1957 | 1958 | 1979 | 865 | 2019 (civilian service ended with Saha crash) |
Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde | UK/France | 4 | 1969 | 1976 | 1979 | 20 | 2003 |
Mitsubishi SpaceJet | Japan | 2 | 2015 | cancelled | 2020 | 8 | cancelled |
A turboprop is a turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.
An airliner is a type of airplane for transporting passengers and air cargo. Such aircraft are most often operated by airlines. The modern and most common variant of the airliner is a long, tube shaped, and jet powered aircraft. The largest of them are wide-body jets which are also called twin-aisle because they generally have two separate aisles running from the front to the back of the passenger cabin. These are usually used for long-haul flights between airline hubs and major cities. A smaller, more common class of airliners is the narrow-body or single-aisle. These are generally used for short to medium-distance flights with fewer passengers than their wide-body counterparts.
A turbofan or fanjet is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used in aircraft propulsion. The word "turbofan" is a combination of the preceding generation engine technology of the turbojet, and a reference to the additional fan stage added. It consists of a gas turbine engine which achieves mechanical energy from combustion, and a ducted fan that uses the mechanical energy from the gas turbine to force air rearwards. Thus, whereas all the air taken in by a turbojet passes through the combustion chamber and turbines, in a turbofan some of that air bypasses these components. A turbofan thus can be thought of as a turbojet being used to drive a ducted fan, with both of these contributing to the thrust.
The Boeing 717 is an American five-abreast narrow-body airliner produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. The twin-engine airliner was developed for the 100-seat market and originally marketed by McDonnell Douglas in the early 1990s as the MD-95 until the company merged with Boeing in August 1997. It was a shortened derivative of McDonnell Douglas’ successful airliner, the MD-80, and part of the company's broader DC-9 family. Capable of seating up to 134 passengers, the 717 has a design range of 2,060 nautical miles [nmi]. It is powered by two Rolls-Royce BR715 turbofan engines mounted at the rear of the fuselage.
The turbojet is an airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft. It consists of a gas turbine with a propelling nozzle. The gas turbine has an air inlet which includes inlet guide vanes, a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine. The compressed air from the compressor is heated by burning fuel in the combustion chamber and then allowed to expand through the turbine. The turbine exhaust is then expanded in the propelling nozzle where it is accelerated to high speed to provide thrust. Two engineers, Frank Whittle in the United Kingdom and Hans von Ohain in Germany, developed the concept independently into practical engines during the late 1930s.
Embraer S.A. is a Brazilian multinational aerospace corporation. It develops and manufactures aircraft and aviation systems, and provides leasing, equipment, and technical support services. Embraer is the third largest producer of civil aircraft worldwide after Boeing and Airbus. The company also has a significant presence in military aviation, ranking among the top 100 defense contractors. It is headquartered in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, with offices and operations in China, the Netherlands, Portugal, Singapore, and the United States.
The McDonnell DouglasMD-90 is an American five-abreast single-aisle airliner developed by McDonnell Douglas from its successful model MD-80. The airliner was produced by the developer company until 1997 and then by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It was a stretched derivative of the MD-80 and thus part of the DC-9 family. After the more fuel-efficient IAE V2500 high-bypass turbofan was selected, Delta Air Lines became the launch customer on November 14, 1989. The MD-90 first flew on February 22, 1993, and the first delivery was in February 1995 to Delta.
The Embraer ERJ family are regional jets designed and produced by the Brazilian aerospace company Embraer. The family includes the ERJ 135, ERJ 140, and ERJ 145, as well as the Legacy 600 business jet and the R-99 family of military aircraft.
The Rolls-Royce RB211 is a British family of high-bypass turbofan engines made by Rolls-Royce. The engines are capable of generating 41,030 to 59,450 lbf of thrust. The RB211 engine was the first production three-spool engine and turned Rolls-Royce from a significant player in the aero-engine industry into a global leader.
The Pratt & Whitney JT9D engine was the first high bypass ratio jet engine to power a wide-body airliner. Its initial application was the Boeing 747-100, the original "Jumbo Jet". It was Pratt & Whitney's first high-bypass-ratio turbofan.
Thrust reversal, also called reverse thrust, is the temporary diversion of an aircraft engine's thrust for it to act against the forward travel of the aircraft, providing deceleration. Thrust reverser systems are featured on many jet aircraft to help slow down just after touch-down, reducing wear on the brakes and enabling shorter landing distances. Such devices affect the aircraft significantly and are considered important for safe operations by airlines. There have been accidents involving thrust reversal systems, including fatal ones.
The Embraer E-Jet family is a series of four-abreast, narrow-body, short- to medium-range, twin-engined jet airliners designed and produced by Brazilian aerospace manufacturer Embraer.
An airplane or aeroplane, informally plane, is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research. Worldwide, commercial aviation transports more than four billion passengers annually on airliners and transports more than 200 billion tonne-kilometers of cargo annually, which is less than 1% of the world's cargo movement. Most airplanes are flown by a pilot on board the aircraft, but some are designed to be remotely or computer-controlled such as drones.
In aeronautics, an environmental control system (ECS) of an aircraft is an essential component which provides air supply, thermal control and cabin pressurization for the crew and passengers. Additional functions include the cooling of avionics, smoke detection, and fire suppression.
The Rolls-Royce AE 3007 is a turbofan engine produced by Rolls-Royce North America, sharing a common core with the Rolls-Royce T406 and AE 2100. The engine was originally developed by the Allison Engine Company, hence the "AE" in the model number.
A variable cycle engine (VCE), also referred to as adaptive cycle engine (ACE), is an aircraft jet engine that is designed to operate efficiently under mixed flight conditions, such as subsonic, transonic and supersonic.
An airbreathing jet engine is a jet engine in which the exhaust gas which supplies jet propulsion is atmospheric air, which is taken in, compressed, heated, and expanded back to atmospheric pressure through a propelling nozzle. Compression may be provided by a gas turbine, as in the original turbojet and newer turbofan, or arise solely from the ram pressure of the vehicle's velocity, as with the ramjet and pulsejet.
The Embraer E-Jet E2 family is a series of four-abreast narrow-body airliners designed and produced by the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer. The twinjet was an incremental development of the original E-Jet family.
The period between 1945 and 1979 is sometimes called the post-war era or the period of the post-war political consensus. During this period, aviation was dominated by the arrival of the Jet Age. In civil aviation the jet engine allowed a huge expansion of commercial air travel, while in military aviation it led to the widespread introduction of supersonic aircraft.