The following is the list of purpose-built passenger jet airliners. It excludes turboprop and reciprocating engine powered airliners. It also excludes business jets and aircraft designed primarily for the transportation of air cargo. In addition it excludes military aircraft of all types, even those that are/were developed from or are/were based on the passenger airliners listed.
| Type | Origin | Engines [a] | First flight | Airline service entry | Number built | In service [1] [b] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airbus A220 | Canada | 2 | 2013 | 2016 | 395 (December 2024) [2] | 360 (December 2024) |
| Airbus A320 family | Multinational | 2 | 1987 | 1988 | 11,524 (as of June 2024) [2] | 9,779 (December 2024) |
| Airbus A330 | Multinational | 2 | 1992 | 1994 | 1,809 (September 2023) [2] | 1,194 (December 2024) [2] |
| Airbus A330neo | Multinational | 2 | 2017 | 2018 | 155 (December 2024) [2] | 153 (December 2024) [2] |
| Airbus A350 XWB | Multinational | 2 | 2013 | 2014 | 648 (December 2024) [2] | 643 (December 2024) |
| Antonov An-148/An-158 | Ukraine | 2 | 2004 | 2009 | 37 | 8 |
| Boeing 737 | United States | 2 | 1967 | 1968 | 11,513 (July 2023) [3] | 8,024 (December 2024) |
| Boeing 767 | United States | 2 | 1981 | 1982 | 1,283 (July 2023) [3] | 849 (December 2024) |
| Boeing 777 | United States | 2 | 1994 | 1995 | 1,765 (December 2024) | 1,416 |
| Boeing 787 Dreamliner | United States | 2 | 2009 | 2011 | 1,191 (December 2024) | 1,173 (December 2024) |
| Comac C909 | China | 2 | 2008 | 2015 | 158 | 144 |
| Comac C919 | China | 2 | 2017 | 2023 | 18 | 16 |
| Embraer E-Jet family | Brazil | 2 | 2002 | 2004 | 1,850 (December 2024) [4] | 1,607 December 2024) |
| Embraer E-Jet E2 family | Brazil | 2 | 2016 | 2018 | 155 (December 2024) [4] | 131 (December 2024) |
| Ilyushin Il-96 | Russia | 4 | 1988 | 1992 | 33 (October 2023) | 4 |
| Sukhoi Superjet SSJ100 | Russia | 2 | 2008 | 2011 | 221 (February 2022) | 162 (December 2024) |
| Tupolev Tu-204/Tu-214 | Russia | 2 | 1989 | 1996 | 89 (May 2021) | 18 |
| Type | Origin | Engines [c] | First flight | Airline service entry | End of production | Number built | In service [1] [d] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comac C929 | China | 2 | to be announced | to be announced | to be announced | 0 | N/A |
| Comac C939 | China | 2 | to be announced | to be announced | to be announced | 0 | N/A |
| Yakovlev MC-21 | Russia | 2 | 2017 | unknown | to be announced | 5 | N/A |
| Type | Country | Engines [e] | First flight | Airline service entry | End of production | Number built | In service [1] [f] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airbus A300 | Multinational | 2 | 1972 | 1974 | 2007 | 561 | 181 (December 2024) [2] |
| Airbus A310 | Multinational | 2 | 1982 | 1983 | 1998 | 255 | 24 (December 2024) [2] |
| Airbus A318 | Multinational | 2 | 2002 | 2003 | 2013 | 80 | 23 (December 2024) [2] |
| Airbus A340 | Multinational | 4 | 1991 | 1993 | 2011 | 377 | 90 (December 2024) [2] |
| Airbus A380 | Multinational | 4 | 2005 | 2007 | 2021 | 251 [2] | 176 (December 2024) [2] |
| Boeing 717 | United States | 2 | 1997 | 1999 | 2006 | 156 | 98 (December 2024) |
| Boeing 727 | United States | 3 | 1963 | 1964 | 1984 | 1,832 | 44 |
| Boeing 747 | United States | 4 | 1969 | 1970 | 2023 | 1,574 [5] | 410 (December 2024) |
| Boeing 757 | United States | 2 | 1982 | 1983 | 2004 | 1,050 | 559 (December 2024) |
| Bombardier CRJ100/200/440 | Canada | 2 | 1991 | 1992 | 2006 | 1,021 | 621 |
| Bombardier CRJ700/705/900/1000 | Canada | 2 | 1999 | 2001 | 2020 | 924 | 825 |
| British Aerospace 146/Avro RJ | UK | 4 | 1981 | 1983 | 2001 | 387 | 89 |
| Douglas DC-8 | United States | 4 | 1958 | 1959 | 1972 | 556 | 9 |
| Embraer ERJ family | Brazil | 2 | 1995 | 1996 | 2020 | 1,231 | 610 |
| Fairchild Dornier 328JET | Germany | 2 | 1998 | 1999 | 2002 | 110 | 18 |
| Fokker 100 | Netherlands | 2 | 1986 | 1988 | 1997 | 283 | 87 |
| Fokker 70 | Netherlands | 2 | 1993 | 1994 | 1997 | 48 | 13 |
| Ilyushin Il-62 | USSR/Russia | 4 | 1963 | 1967 | 1995 | 292 | 5 |
| McDonnell Douglas DC-9 | United States | 2 | 1965 | 1965 | 1982 | 976 | 34 |
| McDonnell Douglas Super 80/MD-80 | United States [g] | 2 | 1979 | 1980 | 1999 | 1,191 | 250 |
| McDonnell Douglas DC-10/MD-10 | United States | 3 | 1970 | 1971 | 1988 | 386 | 9 (December 2024) |
| McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | United States | 3 | 1990 | 1990 | 2000 | 200 | 66 (December 2024) |
| Tupolev Tu-134 | USSR | 2 | 1963 | 1967 | 1984 | 854 | 2 |
| Tupolev Tu-154 | USSR/Russia | 3 | 1968 | 1972 | 2013 | 1,026 | 9 |
| Yakovlev Yak-40 | USSR | 3 | 1966 | 1968 | 1981 | 1,011 | 20 |
| Yakovlev Yak-42 | USSR/Russia | 3 | 1975 | 1980 | 2003 | 185 | 28 |
| Type | Country | Engines [h] | First flight | Airline service entry | End of production | Number built | Year retired [i] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McDonnell Douglas MD-90 | United States | 2 | 1993 | 1995 | 2000 | 116 | 2020 |
| Fokker F28 Fellowship | Netherlands | 2 | 1967 | 1969 | 1987 | 241 | 2020 |
| VFW-Fokker 614 | Germany | 2 | 1971 | 1975 | 1978 | 19 | 2012 |
| Vickers VC10 | UK | 4 | 1962 | 1964 | 1970 | 54 | 2013 |
| Tupolev Tu-334 | Russia | 2 | 1999 | cancelled | 2009 | 2 | cancelled |
| Tupolev Tu-104 | USSR | 2 | 1955 | 1956 | 1960 | 201 | 1981 |
| Tupolev Tu-110 | USSR | 4 | 1957 | cancelled | 1957 | 4 | cancelled |
| Tupolev Tu-124 | USSR | 2 | 1960 | 1962 | 1965 | 164 | 1991 |
| Tupolev Tu-144 | USSR | 4 | 1968 | 1977 | 1983 | 16 | 1999 |
| Shanghai Y-10 | China | 4 | 1980 | cancelled | 1980 | 3 | cancelled |
| Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle | France | 2 | 1955 | 1959 | 1973 | 282 | 2005 |
| Lockheed L-1011 TriStar | United States | 3 | 1970 | 1972 | 1984 | 250 | 2020 (Stargazer remains the last in service.) |
| Ilyushin Il-86 | USSR | 4 | 1976 | 1980 | 1995 | 106 | 2011 (civilian service) |
| Hawker Siddeley HS121 Trident | UK | 3 [j] | 1962 | 1964 | 1978 | 117 | 1995 |
| Convair 880 | United States | 4 | 1959 | 1960 | 1962 | 65 | 2000 |
| Convair 990 Coronado | United States | 4 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 37 | 1994 |
| Dassault Mercure 100 | France | 2 | 1971 | 1974 | 1975 | 12 | 1995 |
| de Havilland DH 106 Comet | UK | 4 | 1949 | 1952 | 1964 | 112 | 1997 |
| Boeing 720 | United States | 4 | 1959 | 1960 | 1967 | 154 | 2010 |
| Avro Canada C102 Jetliner | Canada | 4 | 1949 | cancelled | 1949 | 1 | cancelled |
| Baade 152 | East Germany | 4 | 1958 | cancelled | 1961 | 3 | cancelled |
| BAC One-Eleven | UK [k] | 2 | 1963 | 1965 | 1989 | 244 | 2019 |
| Rombac 1-11 | Romania [l] | 2 | 1982 | 1983 | 1993 | 9 | 2019 |
| Boeing 707 | United States | 4 | 1957 | 1958 | 1979 | 865 | 2019 (Civilian service ended with Saha crash.) |
| Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde | UK/France | 4 | 1969 | 1976 | 1979 | 20 | 2003 |
| Mitsubishi SpaceJet | Japan | 2 | 2015 | cancelled | 2020 | 8 | cancelled |
A turboprop is a gas turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.
An airliner is a type of airplane for transporting passengers and air cargo. Such aircraft are most often operated by airlines. The modern and most common variant of the airliner is a long, tube shaped, and jet powered aircraft. The largest of them are wide-body jets which are also called twin-aisle because they generally have two separate aisles running from the front to the back of the passenger cabin. These are usually used for long-haul flights between airline hubs and major cities. A smaller, more common class of airliners is the narrow-body or single-aisle. These are generally used for short to medium-distance flights with fewer passengers than their wide-body counterparts.
A gas turbine or gas turbine engine is a type of continuous flow internal combustion engine. The main parts common to all gas turbine engines form the power-producing part and are, in the direction of flow:
An auxiliary power unit (APU), is a device on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion. They are commonly found on large aircraft and naval ships as well as some large land vehicles. Aircraft APUs generally produce 115 V AC voltage at 400 Hz (rather than 50/60 Hz in mains supply), to run the electrical systems of the aircraft; others can produce 28 V DC voltage. APUs can provide power through single or three-phase systems. A jet fuel starter (JFS) is a similar device to an APU but directly linked to the main engine and started by an onboard compressed air bottle.
A turbofan or fanjet is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used in aircraft propulsion. The word "turbofan" is a combination of references to the preceding generation engine technology of the turbojet and the additional fan stage. It consists of a gas turbine engine which achieves mechanical energy from combustion, and a ducted fan that uses the mechanical energy from the gas turbine to force air rearwards. Thus, whereas all the air taken in by a turbojet passes through the combustion chamber and turbines, in a turbofan some of that air bypasses these components. A turbofan thus can be thought of as a turbojet being used to drive a ducted fan, with both of these contributing to the thrust.
The Boeing 717 is an American five-abreast narrow-body airliner produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. The twin-engine airliner was developed for the 100-seat market and originally marketed by McDonnell Douglas in the early 1990s as the MD-95 until the company merged with Boeing in August 1997. It was a shortened derivative of McDonnell Douglas’ successful airliner, the MD-80, and part of the company's broader DC-9 family. Capable of seating up to 134 passengers, the 717 has a design range of 2,060 nautical miles [nmi]. It is powered by two Rolls-Royce BR715 turbofan engines mounted at the rear of the fuselage.
The turbojet is an airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft. It consists of a gas turbine with a propelling nozzle. The gas turbine has an air inlet which includes inlet guide vanes, a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine. The compressed air from the compressor is heated by burning fuel in the combustion chamber and then allowed to expand through the turbine. The turbine exhaust is then expanded in the propelling nozzle where it is accelerated to high speed to provide thrust. Two engineers, Frank Whittle in the United Kingdom and Hans von Ohain in Germany, developed the concept independently into practical engines during the late 1930s.
The Embraer ERJ family are regional jets designed and produced by the Brazilian aerospace company Embraer. The family includes the ERJ 135, ERJ 140, and ERJ 145, as well as the Legacy 600 business jet and the R-99 family of military aircraft.
The Rolls-Royce RB211 is a British family of high-bypass turbofan engines made by Rolls-Royce. The engines are capable of generating 41,030 to 59,450 lbf of thrust. The RB211 engine was the first production three-spool engine and turned Rolls-Royce from a significant player in the aero-engine industry into a global leader.
The Pratt & Whitney JT9D engine was the first high bypass ratio jet engine to power a wide-body airliner. Its initial application was the Boeing 747-100, the original "Jumbo Jet". It was Pratt & Whitney's first high-bypass-ratio turbofan.
Thrust reversal, also called reverse thrust, is the temporary diversion of an aircraft engine's thrust for it to act against the forward travel of the aircraft, providing deceleration. Thrust reverser systems are featured on many jet aircraft to help slow down just after touch-down, reducing wear on the brakes and enabling shorter landing distances. Such devices affect the aircraft significantly and are considered important for safe operations by airlines. There have been accidents involving thrust reversal systems, including fatal ones.
An airplane or aeroplane, informally plane, is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research. Worldwide, commercial aviation transports more than four billion passengers annually on airliners and transports more than 200 billion tonne-kilometers of cargo annually, which is less than 1% of the world's cargo movement. Most airplanes are flown by a pilot on board the aircraft, but some are designed to be remotely or computer-controlled such as drones.
In aeronautics, an environmental control system (ECS) of an aircraft is an essential component which provides air supply, thermal control and cabin pressurization for the crew and passengers. Additional functions include the cooling of avionics, smoke detection, and fire suppression.
The Rolls-Royce AE 3007 is a turbofan engine produced by Rolls-Royce North America, sharing a common core with the Rolls-Royce T406 and AE 2100. The engine was originally developed by the Allison Engine Company, hence the "AE" in the model number.
The General Electric CJ805 is a jet engine which was developed by General Electric Aircraft Engines in the late 1950s. It was a civilian version of the J79 and differed only in detail. It was developed in two versions. The basic CJ805-3 was a turbojet and powered the Convair 880 airliner, and the CJ805-23 a turbofan derivative which powered the Convair 990 Coronado variant of the 880.
A variable cycle engine (VCE), also referred to as adaptive cycle engine (ACE), is an aircraft jet engine that is designed to operate efficiently under mixed flight conditions, such as subsonic, transonic and supersonic.
Aircraft maintenance is the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft or aircraft part, including overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of modifications, compliance with airworthiness directives and repair.
An airbreathing jet engine is a jet engine in which the exhaust gas which supplies jet propulsion is atmospheric air, which is taken in, compressed, heated, and expanded back to atmospheric pressure through a propelling nozzle. Compression may be provided by a gas turbine, as in the original turbojet and newer turbofan, or arise solely from the ram pressure of the vehicle's velocity, as with the ramjet and pulsejet.
A four-engined jet, sometimes called a quadjet, is a jet aircraft powered by four engines. The presence of four engines offers increased power and redundancy, allowing such aircraft to be used as airliners, freighters, and military aircraft. Many of the first purpose-built jet airliners had four engines, among which stands the De Havilland Comet, the world's first commercial jetliner. In the decades following their introduction, their use has gradually declined due to a variety of factors, including the approval of twin-engine jets to fly farther from diversion airports as reliability increased, and an increased emphasis on fuel efficiency.
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