List of human-powered aircraft

Last updated

This is a list of human-powered aircraft by date.

TypeimageCountryDateClassDesigner / builderNotes
Abhilasha HPA Netherlands2009Jesse van Kuijk
AeroVelo Atlas Canada2013HelicopterTodd Reichert; Cameron RobertsonWinner of Igor I. Sikorsky Human-Powered Helicopter Challenge with 64 s controlled flight, reaching 3.3 m above ground.
Airglow HPA UK1990John and Mark McIntyre
Bauer Bird USA1973BiplaneTed BauerBuilt by Bauer's eight-grade students at San Gabriel Academy. [1]
Betterfly UK2009David Barford950 m max. distance. Capable of 120° turn. Very stable and easy to fly
BHI PHANTOMJapan2021Yuta Watanabe / BIRDMAN HOUSE IGAWinner of 45th Japan International Birdman Rally (JIBR 2023) HPA division. 69.68242 km round-trip along a 70 km V-shape course (18-17-17-18 km). Piloted by Yuta Watanabe; Flight distance record in JIBR. [2] [3]
BHI PHOENIXJapan2017Yuta Watanabe / BIRDMAN HOUSE IGAWinner of 40th and 42nd Japan International Birdman Rally (JIBR 2017 and 2019) HPA division.
In 2017, 40.000 km completed round-trip flight along a 40 km out-and-return course (20-20 km). [4]
In 2019, 60.000 km completed round-trip flight around a 60 km triangle closed circuit course (19-22-19 km). Piloted by Yuta Watanabe; Flight distance record in JIBR in 2017 - 2019 and 2019 - 2023. [3] [4]
Bionic Bat USA1984 Paul MacCready Jr.Two Kremer speed challenges won, doing 1500 m in 163.28 seconds on 18 July 1984 and 143.08 seconds on 2 December 1984.
Bird Ornithopter UKOrnithopterBryn BirdTwo prototypes built, but no record of any flights.
Bliesner 1 to 3USA1978Wayne T. BliesnerUnsuccessful precursors to Bliesners more successful efforts. No. 3 crashed during towed-flight attempts.
Bliesner 4 USA1979Wayne T. Bliesner100 yards.
Bliesner 5 USA1980Wayne T. Bliesner1 mile, crashed during testing.
Bliesner 6 USA1980Wayne T. BliesnerA few hops, crashed during testing.
Bliesner 7 USA1981Wayne T. Bliesner300 yards.
Boffin-Coffin New Zealand1988Don WaltherProne pilot position; tandem wing; pusher propeller. Flight trials, commencing in 1987, were unsuccessful, eventually abandoned after persistent ground-handling damage and a violent gust of wind entering the hangar where the aircraft was stored.
Chyeranovskii BICh-18 USSR1937Only known to have been launched as a glider with the wing mechanism locked, but flown at least once with the wings operated by the pilot after a launch as a glider.
Cochkanoff HPA USSR1974Orest Cochkanoff
Cook Musfly UK1977David CookTwo-place weight-shift tailless HPA. Incomplete
Cranfield Vertigo UK1987Andrew CranfieldHuman-powered helicopter; transmission problems slowed development.
CT-2.2 RockHopper2 Japan2005Yoshiyasu Hirano / CoolthrustFlew over 18 km at the 29th Japan international Birdman Rally in 2005 piloted by Sosuke Tanaka.
Czerwinski HPA Canada1967CzerwinskiA two-seater with twin propellers built in Ottawa, but no record of any flights.
DaSH PA USA2015Alec Proudfoot [5]
Da Vinci II USA1988Helicopter California Polytechnic State University
Da Vinci III [6] USA1989Helicopter California Polytechnic State University 7 s, height 0.2 m, flight not controlled by pilot.
Druiff-Neate Cycloplane UK1909built by Messrs. C. G. Spencer & Co.
Dumbo-Mercury UK1971P. K. Green, W. F. Ball and M. J. Rudd / Weybridge MPAGOriginally nickname "Dumbo" at Weybridge. When taken over by John Potter at RAF Cranwell, it was renamed Mercury.
Dumoulin tracteur pour la navigation aérienne France1904BiplaneDumoulinA human-powered circular-winged biplane with Archimedean screw propellers turned by hand. [7]
DUT Icarus 001 Netherlands Delft University of Technology With the Movement Science Faculty of the University of Maastricht.
Egret I Japan1973Kimura / Nihon University37 yards.
Egret 2 Japan1974Kimura / Nihon University222 yards.
Egret 3 Japan1974Kimura / Nihon University
Farman Aviette HPA France1912
Flycycle 1974
Fokker I Netherlands1931Built by brothers Jan and Cor FokkerMade two towed flights
Frost Emmett HPA New Zealand1970sJohn Frost / University of Auckland Revisited 1984
Gamera HPH USA1972HelicopterUniversity of Maryland
Gamera II HPH USA2012HelicopterUniversity of MarylandDuration 65 s, height < 1 ft
Gerhardt Cycleplane USA1923MultiplaneFlight Test Section at McCook Field 20-foot (6.1 m) hop.
Gokuraku Tombo Japan1986Team AeroscepsySeveral HPAs built by the team are called the same. Two Japanese records set under the FAI rules: 4.437 km (May 1992) and 10.881 km (Aug. 2003). The 22nd Japan International Birdman Rally (JIBR) HPA section won, 23.688 km. The first HPA reached the opposite shore (northwest shore) of Lake Biwa from start point at east shore. The 30th JIBR HPA won time-trial section. Piloted by Hironori Nakayama.
Goodhart Newbury Manflier UK1979 Nicholas Goodhart Two-seater with separate pods; pilot control tasks shared.
Gossamer Albatross USA1978Paul MacCready Jr. & Peter Lissaman Kremer Prize for first cross-channel flight, 12 June 1979. Two records set, both superseded: 35.82 km straight distance [8] and 2h 49 min Duration. [9]
Gossamer Condor (Pasadena version) USA1976 Paul MacCready Jr. & Peter LissamanOne short hop only, in the car park of the Pasadena Rose Bowl.
Gossamer Condor (Mojave version) USA1976Paul MacCready Jr. & Peter Lissaman(Mojave version)
Gossamer Condor (Shafter airport version) USA1977Paul MacCready Jr. & Peter Lissaman Kremer prize for figure-eight course, 1.15 miles (1850 m), 7 min 25 s flight, 23 August 1977. [10]
Halton Jupiter UK1972Christopher Roper /John Potter1171 m, 1 min 47 s flight [11]
Hardy HPA Roger Hardy
Hartman Ikarus UK1959Emiel Hartman
Hill Flying Wing Hill
HMPAC Puffin 1 UK1961Wimpenny, Vann & Hatfield Man Powered Aircraft Club 993 yards.
HMPAC Puffin 2 UK1965Wimpenny, Vann & Hatfield Man Powered Aircraft Club 875 yards, height 17 feet, turns.
Aviette Hurel France1974Maurice HurelFlight trials in June 1974 [12]
HV-1 Mufli Germany1935Helmut Haessler & F. VillingerMUSKELFLUG INSTITUT (Institute of Muscle-Powered-Flight)

At the Gesellschaft Polytechnic, Frankfurt, director – Oskar Ursinus – 779 yards from bungee launch. Flugzeug-Typenbuch. Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt- und Zubehör-Industrie 1944 [13]

Contents

HVS Germany1982Hütter/Villinger/SchüleOperated in 20 mph winds.
HYPER-CHick "KoToNo Limited" Japan1992Toshiaki Yoshikawa / Team Active GalsFirst female flight in Japan on 5 July 1992, with Kotono Hori as pilot. 119.45 m (130.19 yards) / 22.98 seconds
Ibis HPA Japan1978Nihon UniversityFurther development of the Jupiter – Stork line.
Icarus HPA-1 USA1977 Taras Kiceniuk Jr. Longest flight of 30 seconds at Shafter Airport.
Kiceniuk Icarus 1975 Taras Kiceniuk Jr. WIGE HPAC project [14]
Kohm Lady Godiva USA1982Thomas Kohm et al.Replica of the MacCready Gossamer Albatross. First "girl-powered" HPA
Linnet I Japan1966Prof. Kimura / Research Institute of Science and Technology, Nihon University47 yards, height 9 feet.
Linnet II Japan1967Prof. Kimura / Research Institute of Science and Technology, Nihon University100 yards, height 5 feet.
Linnet III Japan1970Prof. Kimura / Research Institute of Science and Technology, Nihon University34 yards.
Linnet IV Japan1971Prof. Kimura / Research Institute of Science and Technology, Nihon University66 yards.
Lippisch 1929 Man-Powered Ornithopter Germany1929OrnithopterAlexander LippischFlown by Hans Werner Krause.
Liverpuffin UK1972 Keith Sherwin Built from the remains of the Puffin II by students from Liverpool University led by Sherwin.
Malliga 1 HPAAustria1967Josef Malliga [15]
Malliga 2 HPAAustria1972Josef Malliga [15]
Maniatis MPA USA1979Michael ManiatisTested at Mitchel Field, NY. Did not fly.
Man-Eagle 1 USA1982Wayne T. BliesnerShort flights a.k.a. "Bliesner 8".
Man-Eagle 3 USA1983Wayne T. BliesnerKremer Speed Course.
Man-Eagle 4 USA1985Wayne T. Bliesner
Maruoka Man-Powered Screw-Wing Machine Japan1902Katsura Maruoka [16]
Southend MPG Mayfly UK1965Brian Kerry
McAvoy MPA-1 USA1962James M. McAvoyGeorgia Tech.
Michelob Light Eagle USA1986 Mark Drela / Massachusetts Institute of Technology37 miles. Onboard test equipment.
MiLan'81 Japan1981Naito / Nihon University645 yards.
MiLan'82 Japan1982Naito / Nihon University1800 yards.
MIT BURD USA1973Biplane Massachusetts Institute of Technology First of several HPAs built by MIT students. Did not fly.
MIT BURD II USA1976Biplane Massachusetts Institute of Technology Copy of the original BURD. Did not fly.
MIT Chrysalis USA1979BiplaneParks & Youngren / Massachusetts Institute of Technology Over a four-month period, made 345 flights with 44 different pilots.
MIT Daedalus 87 USA1987Drela / Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Daedalus Project.
MIT Daedalus 88 USA1988Drela / Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Daedalus Project. 1988 Crete to Santorini flight, official FAI world records for total distance (119 km), straight-line distance, and duration (3 h 55 min) for human-powered aircraft.
MIT Monarch A USA1983 Mark Drela / Massachusetts Institute of Technology29 flights.
MIT Monarch B USA1984Drela / Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyWon the £20,000 first prize for the Kremer World Speed Competition.
Möwe6-B Japan1989Nihon University Aero Student Group (NASG)First Japanese record set under the FAI rules. Distance: 3.708 km (Mar. 1990)
Möwe20 Japan2002Nihon University Aero Student Group (NASG)The 27th Japan International Birdman Rally (JIBR) HPA section won, 34.654 km. Pilot was not exhausted but took water by organizer direction because the HPA reached end of flyable area (southwest side of Lake Biwa) (Jul. 2003) – straight-distance record in JIBR. Japanese record set under the FAI rules. 11.874 km / 46 min 40 s (Aug. 2004). Piloted by Kai Hirawata.
Möwe21 Japan2003Nihon University Aero Student Group (NASG)Japanese records set under the FAI rules. 49.172 km, 1 h 48 min 12 s (6 Aug. 2005). Current Japanese records. Piloted by Nariyuki Masuda.
Mozi HPA China2009OXAI Aircraft Company / Mao Yiqing
Musculair I Germany1984Günther Rochelt & SchoberlTwo different prizes; first passenger.
Musculair II Germany1985Günther Rochelt & SchoberlKremer Speed Prize.
Nakamura MP-X-6 Japan1969Eiji Nakamura [17]
Nextz  [ ja ]Japan2009Team 'F'Winner of 33rd Japan International Birdman Rally HPA time-trial section. First Japanese record of speed under the FAI rules: 1500 m in 3 min 15 s = 27.69 km/h (22 Oct. 2012). As of 2012 current Japanese record.
Nieuport Aviette 1921 France1921
Northrop Institute of Technology HPA USA1972Malcolm Smith / NITTwo-seater; not completed.
Onigkeit 1938 Germany1938Otto OnigkeitFlugzeug-Typenbuch. Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt- und Zubehör-Industrie 1944 [18]
Pedaliante Italy1936Enea Bossi & Vittorio Bonomi40 unaided flights?
Pelargos 2 Switzerland1983Horlacher/Mohlin/Dubs1100 yards.
Pelargos 3 Switzerland1985Horlacher/Mohlin/Frank875 yards.
Perkins Inflatable HPA USA1959InflatableDaniel PerkinsPrecursor to the Reluctant Phoenix.
Perkins Reluctant Phoenix UK1966InflatableDaniel PerkinsThe culmination of Daniel Perkins' attempts to build a viable inflatable human-powered aircraft; flown inside the R100 airship hangars.
Phillips Mk.1 HPA UK1976 ?Ron PhillipsFirst female pilot.
Phillips Mk.2 HPA UK1976 ?Ron PhillipsTwo-seater.
Polniak LP Dedal Poland1972Leon Polniak
Polniak LP Dedal-2 Poland1975Leon Polniak
Posniak HPA Netherlands1936B. Posniak
Poulain/Farman Aviette France1921Gabriel Poulain / Farman
Prestwick Dragonfly MPA Mk 1 Scotland1975Roger Hardy
Privett HPA USADoug PrivettCannot take off without a ground-crew assist [12]
PSU Zephyrus USA2011 Pennsylvania State University
Raven Project USA2001Paul Illian
RayJapan2008 Tohoku University Windnauts (HPA club at Tohoku University)Winner of 32nd Japan International Birdman Rally (JIBR) HPA – distance section. 36 km round-trip; completed out-and-return course of 18 km one-way (longest distance under the rules at the time). Piloted by Wataru Nishiwaki; round-trip distance record in JIBR until 2017. [3]
Rickman umbrella wing UK1909Rickman
Royal SpoonbillUK1983Robert Le Johnno-Johnson / NZHPFGNever completed due to a redesign after being vandalised.[ citation needed ]
Seehase MD-2 Germany1937Hans Seehase
Singapore University Man powered Aircraft 1
Singapore University Man powered Aircraft 2 		SingaporeSingapore University students / Keith Sherwin Of the two projects, only one flew.
Smolkowski-Laviolette biplane Canada1964Alvin Smolkowski and Maurice LavioletteTowed flights
Sato Maeda SM-OX Japan1969Hiroshi Sato, Kenichi Maeda / Fukuoka Daiichi Highschool Department of Aeroengine31 yards, height 6 feet.
Snowbird HPO Canada2010University of Toronto
Stewart HPOs UK1959OrnithopterAlan StewartSeveral unsuccessful human-powered ornithopters built between 1959 and 1979.
Stork A  [ ja ]Japan1976 Junji Ishii  [ ja ] / Nihon University651 yards. Re-designed (smaller) from the UK Jupiter. [11]
Stork B  [ ja ] STORK DASH-8 008.jpg Japan1977 Junji Ishii  [ ja ] / Nihon University2094 m, 4 min 28 s flight. [11]
SUMPAC UK1961Ann Marsden, Alan Lassiere & David Williams / Southampton University Man-powered Aircraft CommitteeFirst independently observed unaided flight. Flown by Derek Piggott.
Swift A JapanNaito / Nihon University
Swift B JapanNaito / Nihon University
To Phoenix Inflatable HPA UK1982Inflatable Frederick E. To / Air-Plane Co. Ltd. [19]
Toucan 1 UK1972Pressnell / Hertfordshire Pedal Aeronauts 700 yards. Two-seater, span 123 ft. Bryan Bowen & Derek May [20]
Toucan II UK1974Pressnell / Hertfordshire Pedal Aeronauts
UpturnUSA2012HelicopterNTS Works Upturnduration 10 s, height 0.60 m
Ursinus 1925 HPA Germany1925Oskar Ursinus
Vélair 89 Germany1989Peer Frank3390 yards
Vine HPA South Africa1962S. W. Vine200 yards. One flight only at Krugersdorp, Transvaal, South Africa.
VMM HPA Belgium1974Verstralte/Masschelin/MasschelinHeights of 15 ft at Calais-Marck airport due to Belgian authorities refusing permission to fly. [21]
White Dwarf blimp USA1984AirshipBill WatsonBuilt for the comedian Gallagher and seen in Showtime special Over Your Head. Set records in airship categories BA-1 through BA-10 for distance (93.36 km) [22] and duration (8 h 50 min 12 s). [23] [24]
Wright Micron UK1976Peter Wright
Wright MPA Mk 1 UK1972Peter Wright300 yards at 4 feet. Elevator not used.
Yuri I HPH  [ ja ]Japan1994HelicopterAkira Naito, Nihon Aero Student Group (NASG)Duration 19.5 s, height 0.2 m
Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft Germany1934 Engelbert Zaschka
Zephyrus β Japan1997Ochanomizu Human-powered aircraft study groupJapanese female record set under the FAI rules, 1.004 km in 3 min 3 s. (16 Nov. 1997). Piloted by Chihiro Muraoka – current Japanese female records.
Zinno Olympian ZB-1 USA1976Lt.Col. Joe Zinno, USAF (Ret.)First successful American HPA.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Wahl, Paul (February 1974). "Who Will Take Aviation's Richest Prize?". Popular Science. Vol. 204, no. 2. New York, NY: Times Mirror Magazines, Inc, Inc. pp. 90–92, 136–137. ISSN   0148-7191 . Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  2. ↑ "Winner of the JAPAN INTERNATIONAL BIRDMAN RALLY for the third time!". 中日新聞Web. Chunichi Shimbun Co., Ltd. 5 October 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 "大会の歴史｜鳥人間コンテスト｜読売テレビ". 鳥人間コンテスト公式サイト (in Japanese). Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation . Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  4. 1 2 "琵琶湖をふわり60キロ「仲間のおかげ」 BIRDMAN HOUSE 伊賀、鳥人間コンテスト連覇 | 毎日新聞". 毎日新聞 (in Japanese). The Mainichi Newspapers Co., Ltd. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  5. ↑ Clay Lambert (2015-12-07). "Aviation enthusiasts pedal human power". Half Moon Bay Review.
  6. ↑ FARLEY, SHANNON (7 December 1989). "Pedal Power : Cal Poly Uses Bicyclist to Get Human-Driven Helicopter Off the Ground" – via LA Times.
  7. ↑ Opdycke, Leonard E. (1999). French Aeroplanes before the Great War. Atglen: Schiffer Publishing Limited. ISBN   0-7643-0752-5.
  8. ↑ "Fai Record File". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
  9. ↑ "Fai Record File". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
  10. ↑ Popular Science jan 1978
  11. ↑ Schneider, Helmut (Dipl. Ing.) (1944). Flugzeug-Typenbuch. Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt- und Zubehör-Industrie (in German) (Facsimile reprint 1986 ed.). Leipzig: Herm. Beyer Verlag. pp. 346–347. ISBN   381120484X.
  12. ↑ . 2020-11-12 https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014022/http://www.icarusengineering.com/HPA-first-flight1975web.JPG. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 2022-06-08.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. 1 2 Keimel, Reinhard (1980). Propeller-Luftfahrzeugkonstruktionen seit 1945 (1. Aufl. ed.). Graz: H. Weishaupt Verlag. ISBN   3-900310-02-5.
  14. ↑ Mikesh, Robert; Shorzoe, Abe (1990). Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941. London: Putnam. p. 21. ISBN   0-85177-840-2.
  15. ↑ Taylor, John W.R., ed. (1970). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1970–71. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company. p. 158. ISBN   978-0-354-00067-3.
  16. ↑ Schneider, Helmut (Dipl.Ing.) (1944). Flugzeug-Typenbuch. Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt- und Zubehör-Industrie (in German) (Facsimile reprint 1986 ed.). Leipzig: Herm. Beyer Verlag. p. 348. ISBN   381120484X.
  17. ↑ Taylor, John W.R., ed. (1983). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982–83 (73rd ed.). London: Jane's Publishing Company. p. 273. ISBN   978-0-7106-0748-5.
  18. ↑ Popular science, February 1974.
  19. ↑ Taylor, John W. R., ed. (1975). Jane's all the world's aircraft, 1975–76 (66th annual ed.). New York: Franklin Watts Inc. p. 12. ISBN   978-0531032503.
  20. ↑ "Fai Record File". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
  21. ↑ "Fai Record File". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
  22. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-12-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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