Trimotor

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Nearly 5,000 Junkers Ju 52/3m were built, the most of any trimotor Junkers Ju 52-3mg2.jpg
Nearly 5,000 Junkers Ju 52/3m were built, the most of any trimotor

A trimotor is a propeller-driven aircraft powered by three internal combustion engines, characteristically one on the nose and one on each wing. A compromise between complexity and safety, such a configuration was typically a result of the limited power of the engines available to the designer. Many trimotors were designed and built in the 1920s and 1930s as the most effective means of maximizing payload.

Contents

Other - and uncommon - configurations include engines above the wing, as on seaplanes, including in pusher configuration, and an engine on each wing and one on the tail.

The best known trimotors are the Fokker F, Ford AT, and Junkers Ju series aircraft.

List of trimotors

Aircraft nameCountry of originYear Developed
AD Seaplane Type 1000 UK1916
Airspeed Ferry UK1932
Airworthy Terrier [1] US1928
Anatra DE Russia1916
ANF Les Mureaux 140T France1932
Armstrong Whitworth Argosy UK1926
Avia 51 Czechoslovakia1933
Avia 57 Czechoslovakia1935
Aviméta 132 France1927
Avis BGV-1 [2] Austria1924
Avro 618 Ten UK1929
Avro 619 Five UK1929
Avro 624 Six UK1930
Bach 3-CT Air Yacht US1927
Barcala-Cierva-Díaz BCD.3 [3] Spain1919
Batson Air Yacht/Dragonfly [4] US1913
Beardmore Inflexible UK1928
Beechcraft Model 18 Tiara engine testbedUS1966
Bellanca 28-92 US1937
Bernard 60 France1929
Bernard 160 France1932
Bernard SIMB AB 16 France1927
Besson MB.36 France1930
Blackburn Iris UK1926
Blackburn Perth UK1933
Blackburn Sydney UK1930
Bloch MB.60 [5] [6] France1930
Bloch MB.120 France1932
Bloch MB.300 France1935
Blohm & Voss BV 138 Germany1937
Boeing Model 80 US1928
Boulton Paul P.32 UK1931
Bratu 220 Romania1932
Breda A.14 Italy1928
Breda Ba.32 Italy1931
Breda Ba.46 Italy1934
Breda CC.20 Italy1929
Breguet XI [7] France1916
Breguet 393T France1931
Breguet 521 France1933
Bresciani Bre.1 [8] Italy1915
Britten-Norman Trislander UK1970
Brown-Mercury [9] US1928
CANT 6 Italy1925
CANT 22 Italy1927
CANT 23 [10] Italy1932
CANT Z.506 Italy1935
CANT Z.508 Italy1936
CANT Z.509 Italy1937
CANT Z.1007 Italy1937
CANT Z.1012 Italy1938
Caproni Ca.1 Italy1914
Caproni Ca.3 Italy1916
Caproni Ca.4 Italy1917
Caproni Ca.5 Italy1917
Caproni Ca.95 Italy1929?
Caproni Ca.97 Italy1927
Caproni Ca.101 Italy1928
Caproni Ca.131 Italy1934
Caproni Ca.132 Italy1934
Caproni Ca.133 Italy1934
Caudron C.25 France1919
Caudron C.37 [11] France1920
Caudron C.39 [12] France1921
Caudron C.61 France1921
Caudron C.81 [13] France1923
Caudron C.180 [14] France1930
Caudron C.183 [15] France1923
Charpentier C-1 [16] France1935
CNA Delta [17] Italy1931
CNNA HL-8 Brazil1943
Conroy Tri-Turbo-Three US1969
Consolidated XPY-1 (prototype only)US1929
Consolidated XP2Y-1 (prototype only)US1932
Couzinet 10 [18] France1928
Couzinet 21 [19] France1931
Couzinet 22 [20] France1932
Couzinet 27 [21] France1928
Couzinet 30 France1930 [22]
Couzinet 33 Biarritz France1931 [23]
Couzinet 40 France1932 [24]
Couzinet 70 France1932 [25]
Couzinet 100 France1933 [26]
Couzinet 101 France1934 [27]
Couzinet 103 France1933 [28]
Crawford Special US1929 [29]
Curtiss Eagle I US1919
Curtiss Model H prototype onlyUS1914
Curtiss NC prototype onlyUS1918
DAR 4 Bulgaria1930
Dewoitine D.31 France1932
Dewoitine D.332 France1933
Dewoitine D.333 France1934
Dewoitine D.338 France1936
Dewoitine D.342 France1939
Dewoitine D.430 France1932 [30]
de Havilland DH.72 UK1931
de Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover Australia1948
de Havilland Hercules UK1926
Dornier Do 24 Germany1937
Dornier Y Germany1930
Dyle et Bacalan DB-70 France1929
EMSCO B-2 US1929 [31]
Farman F.120 France1926
Farman F.280 France1931
Farman F.300 France1930
Farman F.301 France1930 [32]
Farman F.303 France1930 [33]
Farman F.304 France1931 [34]
Farman F.306 France1931 [35]
Farman F.310 France1931 [36]
Felixstowe Porte Baby UK1916
Fiat BRG Italy1931
Fiat G.2 Italy1932
Fiat G.12 Italy1940
Fiat G.212 Italy1947
Fokker F.10 US1927
Fokker F.VIIA/3m & F.VIIB/3m Netherlands1925
Fokker F.IX Netherlands1929
Fokker F.XII Netherlands1930
Fokker F.XVIII Netherlands1932
Fokker F.XX Netherlands1933
Ford 4-AT/9-AT/11-AT Trimotor US1926
Ford 5-AT/6-AT Trimotor US1929
Ford 14-AT US1932
Ford XB-906 US1931
Grahame-White Ganymede UK1919
Handley Page Type W.8e/f & W.9a UK1921
Handley Page H.P.32 Hamlet UK1926
Handley Page H.P.43 UK1932
Helmy Aerogypt UK1939
Hise Model A US1929 [37]
Hodkinson HT-1 US1929 [38]
Johns Multiplane US1919 [39]
Junkers G 24 Germany1924
Junkers G 31 Germany1926
Junkers Ju 52/3m Germany1932
Junkers Ju 252 Germany1941
Junkers Ju 352 Germany1943
Kawanishi H3K Japan1930
Keystone Pathfinder US1927
Keystone Patrician US1929
Kreutzer Air Coach US1928 [40]
LWF model H Owl US1920 [41]
Lasco Lascondor Australia1930
Latécoère 4 France1920
Latécoère 5 France1924
Latécoère 24 France1927
Latécoère 340 France1930
Latécoère 350 France1931
Latécoère 500 & 501 France1932
Latécoère 582 France1935
Latham Trimotor France1919 [42]
Lawson L-4 US1924 [43]
Letov Š-32 Czechoslovakia1931
Lioré et Olivier LeO H-15 France1926 [44]
Loire 30 France1932
Loire 60 France1932
Loire 70 France1933
Loring-Barrón Colonial T-III Trimotor Spain1932 [45]
Macchi M.C.100 Italy1939
Nieuport-Delage NiD.590 France1932 [46]
Nieuport-Delage NiD.740 France1930 [47]
Northrop N-23 Pioneer US1946
Northrop C-125 Raider US1949
NVI F.K.33 Netherlands1925
Oeffag G6 aka Pola 'G'Austria-Hungary1916 [48]
Ogden Osprey US1930 [49]
P.Z.L. 27 Poland1934
P.Z.L. 4 Poland1932
Pander S-4 Postjäger Netherlands1933
Piaggio P.16 Italy1934
Piaggio P.23R Italy1936
Piper PA-32-3M prototypeUS1966
Potez X France1922
Potez 40 France1930 [50]
Prudden TM-1 US1928 [51]
Prudden-Whitehead monoplane US1930
Renard R.30 Belgium1931
Renard R.35 Belgium1935
Rohrbach Roland Germany1926
Rohrbach Romar Germany1928
Romano R-16 France1933 [52]
Ryan Navion one off modificationUS1961 [ citation needed ]
SABCA S.11 Belgium1931
Saunders Severn UK1930
Saunders Valkyrie UK1926
Saro Windhover UK1930
Savoia-Marchetti S.66 Italy1931
Savoia-Marchetti S.71 Italy1930
Savoia-Marchetti S.72 Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti S.73 Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.75 Italy1937
Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.82 Italy1939
Savoia-Marchetti SM.83 Italy1937
Savoia-Marchetti SM.84 Italy1940
Short S.8 Calcutta UK1928
Short Rangoon UK1930
Short Valetta UK1930
Siemens-Schuckert R.I Germany1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.II Germany1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.III Germany1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.IV Germany1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.V Germany1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.VI Germany1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.VII Germany1917
Sikorsky S-35 US1926
SPCA 40T France1929
SPCA 90 France1932
SPCA Météore 63 France1925
Spartan Cruiser UK1932
Stinson Model A US1934
Stinson Model T/SM-6000 US1930
Stinson Model U US1932
Stout 3-AT US1926
Stout Bushmaster 2000 US1964
Supermarine Air Yacht UK1930
Supermarine Nanok/Solent UK1927
Tellier 1100 ch/T7/Nieuport-Tellier TM France1919 [53]
Tupolev ANT-9 USSR1929
Tupolev MTB-1 USSR1934
Vickers Viastra UK1929
Westland IV & Wessex UK1930
Weymann 66 France1933
Wibault 280 France1930
Zenith Albatross US1927 [54]
Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I Germany1915
Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.II Germany1916

See also

Related Research Articles

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1930:

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1931:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nieuport</span> Defunct French aircraft manufacturer

Nieuport, later Nieuport-Delage, was a French aeroplane company that primarily built racing aircraft before World War I and fighter aircraft during World War I and between the wars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Push-pull configuration</span> Combination of forward- and aft-mounted propellers on aircraft

An aircraft constructed with a push-pull configuration has a combination of forward-mounted tractor (pull) propellers, and backward-mounted (pusher) propellers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hispano-Suiza 8</span> V-8 piston aircraft engine

The Hispano-Suiza 8 was a water-cooled V8 SOHC aero engine introduced by Hispano-Suiza in 1914, and was the most commonly used liquid-cooled engine in the aircraft of the Entente Powers during the First World War. The original Hispano-Suiza 8A was rated at 140 hp (100 kW) and the later, larger displacement Hispano-Suiza 8F reached 330 hp (250 kW).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caudron</span> French aircraft manufacturer

The Société des Avions Caudron was a French aircraft company founded in 1909 as the Association Aéroplanes Caudron Frères by brothers Gaston and René Caudron. It was one of the earliest aircraft manufacturers in France and produced planes for the military in both World War I and World War II. From 1933 onwards, it was a subsidiary of Renault.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Twin-boom aircraft</span> Aircraft configuration utilizing two longitudinal booms for support of ancillary items

A twin-boom aircraft has two longitudinal auxiliary booms. These may contain ancillary items such as fuel tanks and/or provide a supporting structure for other items. Typically, twin tailbooms support the tail surfaces, although on some types such as the Rutan Model 72 Grizzly the booms run forward of the wing. The twin-boom configuration is distinct from twin-fuselage designs in that it retains a central fuselage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Le Rhône 9C</span>

The Le Rhône 9C is a nine-cylinder rotary aircraft engine produced in France by Société des Moteurs Le Rhône / Gnome et Rhône. Also known as the Le Rhône 80 hp in a reference to its nominal power rating, the engine was fitted to many military aircraft types during the First World War. Le Rhône 9C engines were also produced under license in Great Britain, the United States and Sweden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nieuport-Delage NiD 62</span> Type of aircraft

The Nieuport-Delage NiD.62 was a French sesquiplane fighter from the early 1930s. This machine was a descendant of a long line of Nieuport-Delage fighters that were designed and built during the years immediately after World War I. The NiD.62 was built in 1931 as a fighter for the Armée de l'Air. It served until the late 1930s, when it was replaced by more modern monoplane fighters. By the time of the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, all of the NiD.62s had been withdrawn from front-line fighter escadrilles but were used as trainers in French flight schools. A few aircraft were employed as target tugs. After the French German Armistice and German occupation of North and West part of France in June 1940, the German Luftwaffe had no interest in the NiD.62s and they were scrapped. None survived the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Farman F.300</span> Type of aircraft

The Farman F.300 and F.310 were airliners built in France in the early 1930s. They were high-wing strut braced monoplanes with fixed tailskid undercarriage with a trimotor layout popular with several manufacturers of the time. The cockpit and passenger compartment were fully enclosed. Most saw service in Farman's own airline, whose twelve F.300 variants made up half its fleet in 1931.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fokker F.XIV</span> Type of aircraft

The Fokker F.XIV was a cargo plane built in the Netherlands in the late 1920s by Fokker. It was a high-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional trimotor layout. The sole example was tested by KLM but never put into service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stout 2-AT Pullman</span> Type of aircraft

The Stout 2-AT Pullman, or "Air Pullman", was a single engine all-metal monoplane that was used for early airline travel and air mail transport in America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bach Super Transport</span> Type of aircraft

The Bach "Super Transport" was a design for a four-engined transport aircraft that was never built.

Émile Louis Letord, sometimes spelled Letort, (1880–1971) was a French industrialist and pioneer aeroplane manufacturer who founded the Société d'Aviation Letord from the Letord and Niepce workshops at Meudon, near Paris.

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