Haplogroup D-M55

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Haplogroup D-M55
Possible time of origin45,357 (95% CI 52,258 - 39,364) ybp [1]

45,200 (95% CI 48,500 <-> 42,000) ybp [2]
Coalescence age21,434 (95% CI 24,812 - 18,513) ybp [3]

21,000 (95% CI 22,800 <-> 19,300) ybp [2]
Possible place of originpossibly Japanese archipelago
Ancestor D-M174
Defining mutationsM55, M57, M64.1, M179, P37.1, P41.1, P190, 12f2b
Highest frequencies Japanese people, Jōmon people, Ainu people、 Ryukyuan people

Haplogroup D-M55 (M64.1/Page44.1) also known as Haplogroup D1a2a is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two branches of Haplogroup D1a. The other is D1a1, which is found with high frequency in Tibetans and other Tibeto-Burmese populations and geographical close groups. D is also distributed with low to medium frequency in Central Asia, East Asia, and Mainland Southeast Asia.

Contents

Haplogroup D-M55 is found in about 33% [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] of present-day Japanese males. It has been found in fourteen of a sample of sixteen or 87.5% of a sample of Ainu males in one study published in 2004 [9] and in three of a sample of four or 75% of a sample of Ainu males in another study published in 2005 in which some individuals from the 2004 study may have been retested. [5] It is currently the most common Y-DNA haplogroup in Japan if O1-F265 and O2-M122 (TMRCA approx. 30,000 ~ 35,000 ybp) are considered as separate haplogroups.

In 2017 it was confirmed that the Japanese branch of haplogroup D-M55 is distinct and isolated from other branches of haplogroup D since about 50,000 years ago. The split in D1a may have occurred near the Tibetan Plateau. [10]

History

Migration route of haplogroup D Haplogroup D (Y-DNA) migration.png
Migration route of haplogroup D
Migration route of Y-DNA haplogroups in East Asia Y-DNA haplogroup migration in East Asia map.png
Migration route of Y-DNA haplogroups in East Asia

Among the subgroups of Haplogroup D, the ancestor of D-M55 went eastward to reach the Japanese archipelago. [11] According to Michael F. Hammer of the University of Arizona, haplogroup D originated near the Tibetan Plateau and migrated into Japan were it eventually became D-M55. [12] Mitsuru Sakitani said that Haplogroup D1 came from Tibet to northern Kyushu via the Altai Mountains and the Korean Peninsula more than 50,000 years ago, and Haplogroup D-M55 (D1a2a) was born in the Japanese archipelago. [11]

Recent studies suggest that D-M55 became dominant during the late Jōmon period, shortly before the arrival of the Yayoi, suggesting a population boom and bust. [13]

Frequency

The average frequency in Japanese is about 33%. [4] [5] [7] [8] High frequencies are found in various places in Japan, especially in Hokkaidō, eastern Honshū, southern Kyūshū, and Okinawa.

Ancient DNA

A Jōmon period man excavated from Funadomari remains (about 3,800 - 3,500 YBP) in Rebun Island in Hokkaido belongs to Haplogroup D1a2a2a(D-CTS220). [21]

The analysis of a Jōmon sample (Ikawazu) and an ancient sample from the Tibetan Plateau (Chokhopani, Ch) found only partially shared ancestry, suggesting a positive genetic bottleneck regarding the spread of haplogroup D from an ancient population related to the Tibetan Chokhopani sample (and modern Tibeto-Burmese groups). [22]

Phylogenetic tree

By ISOGG tree（Version: 14.151）. [23]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplotype</span> Group of genes from one parent

A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jōmon people</span> Early inhabitants of prehistoric Japan

Jōmon people is the generic name of the indigenous hunter-gatherer population that lived in the Japanese archipelago during the Jōmon period. They were united through a common Jōmon culture, which reached a considerable degree of sedentism and cultural complexity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup C-M130</span> Human Y chromosome DNA grouping found primarily in Asia

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Haplogroup D1 or D-M174 is a subclade of haplogroup D-CTS3946. This male haplogroup is found primarily in East Asia, Magar-ethnic Nepal and the Andaman Islands. It is also found regularly with lower frequency in Central Asia, Siberia and Mainland Southeast Asia, and, more rarely, in Europe and the Middle East.

Haplogroup O-M122 is an Eastern Eurasian Y-chromosome haplogroup. The lineage ranges across Southeast Asia and East Asia, where it dominates the paternal lineages with extremely high frequencies. It is also significantly present in Central Asia, especially among the Naiman tribe of Kazakhs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup Q-M242</span> Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common among Native Americans

Haplogroup Q or Q-M242 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It has one primary subclade, Haplogroup Q1 (L232/S432), which includes numerous subclades that have been sampled and identified in males among modern populations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup</span> Human DNA groupings

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup C-M217</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup C-M217, also known as C2, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the most frequently occurring branch of the wider Haplogroup C (M130). It is found mostly in Central Asia, Eastern Siberia and significant frequencies in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia including some populations in the Caucasus, Middle East, South Asia, East Europe. It is found in a much more widespread area with a low frequency of less than 2%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup D-M15</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Its phylogenetically closest relatives are found among the peoples of Japan, Central Asia, and the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. It is more distantly related to the Haplogroup D*, whose sub-clades are common throughout Asia.

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup G is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup T-M184</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup T-M184, also known as Haplogroup T, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. The unique-event polymorphism that defines this clade is the single-nucleotide polymorphism known as M184.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup DE</span> Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry

Haplogroup DE is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations, or UEPs, M1(YAP), M145(P205), M203, P144, P153, P165, P167, P183. DE is unique because it is distributed in several geographically distinct clusters. An immediate subclade, haplogroup D, is mainly found in East Asia, parts of Central Asia, and the Andaman Islands, but also sporadically in West Africa and West Asia. The other immediate subclade, haplogroup E, is common in Africa, and to a lesser extent the Middle East and southern Europe.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jōmon period</span> Japanese prehistorical period

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup C-M8</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup C-M8 also known as Haplogroup C1a1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two branches of Haplogroup C1a, one of the descendants of Haplogroup C-M130.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup D-Z27276</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup D-Z27276 also known as Haplogroup D1a1 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two branches of Haplogroup D1, one of the descendants of Haplogroup D. The other is D-M55 which is only found in Japan.

This article summarizes the genetic makeup and population history of East Asian peoples and their connection to genetically related populations such as Southeast Asians and North Asians, as well as Oceanians, and partly, Central Asians, South Asians, and Native Americans. They are collectively referred to as "East Eurasians" in population genomics.

References

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  2. 1 2 YFull Haplogroup YTree v7.02.01 as of March 15, 2019.
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  6. ↑ YOUICHI SATO, TOSHIKATSU SHINKA, ASHRAF A. EWIS, AIKO YAMAUCHI, TERUAKI IWAMOTO, YUTAKA NAKAHORI Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males.
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  10. ↑ Mondal, Mayukh & Bergström, Anders & Xue, Yali & Calafell, Francesc & Laayouni, Hafid & Casals, Ferran & Majumder, Partha & Tyler-Smith, Chris & Bertranpetit, Jaume. (2017). Y-chromosomal sequences of diverse Indian populations and the ancestry of the Andamanese. Human Genetics. 136. 10.1007/s00439-017-1800-0.
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  12. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2017-09-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hirofumi Nohara, Ikuko Maeda, Rinnosuke Hisazumi, Taketo Uchiyama, Hiroko Hirashima, Masahito Nakata, Rika Ohno, Tetsuro Hasegawa, and Kenshi Shimizu (2021), "Geographic distribution of Y-STR haplotypes and Y-haplogroups among Miyazaki Prefecture residents." Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology, Vol. 26, Issue 1, p. 17-27. https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.778
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  19. ↑ Kim, Soon-Hee; Kim, Ki-Cheol; Shin, Dong-Jik; Jin, Han-Jun; Kwak, Kyoung-Don; Han, Myun-Soo; Song, Joon-Myong; Kim, Won; Kim, Wook (2011). "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea". Investigative Genetics. 2011 (2): 10. doi: 10.1186/2041-2223-2-10 . PMC   3087676 . PMID   21463511.
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