Haplogroup D-M55

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Haplogroup D-M55
Possible time of origin45,357 (95% CI 52,258 - 39,364) ybp [1]

45,200 (95% CI 48,500 <-> 42,000) ybp [2]
Coalescence age21,434 (95% CI 24,812 - 18,513) ybp [3]

21,000 (95% CI 22,800 <-> 19,300) ybp [2]
Possible place of originpossibly Japanese archipelago
Ancestor D-M174
Defining mutationsM55, M57, M64.1, M179, P37.1, P41.1, P190, 12f2b
Highest frequencies Japanese people, Jōmon people, Ainu peopleRyukyuan people

Haplogroup D-M55 (M64.1/Page44.1) also known as Haplogroup D1a2a is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two branches of Haplogroup D1a. The other is D1a1, which is found with high frequency in Tibetans and other Tibeto-Burmese populations and geographical close groups. D is also distributed with low to medium frequency in Central Asia, East Asia, and Mainland Southeast Asia.

Contents

Haplogroup D-M55 is found in about 33% [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] of present-day Japanese males. It has been found in fourteen of a sample of sixteen or 87.5% of a sample of Ainu males in one study published in 2004 [9] and in three of a sample of four or 75% of a sample of Ainu males in another study published in 2005 in which some individuals from the 2004 study may have been retested. [5] It is currently the most common Y-DNA haplogroup in Japan if O1-F265 and O2-M122 (TMRCA approx. 30,000 ~ 35,000 ybp) are considered as separate haplogroups. Haplogroup D-M55 may have been born in Japan at any time between its MRCA with D-Y34637 (found in present-day Onge and Jarawas) about 45,000 years ago and the MRCA of all extant branches of D-M55 about 21,000 years ago.

In 2017 it was confirmed that the Japanese branch of haplogroup D-M55 is distinct and isolated from other branches of haplogroup D since about 50,000 years ago. The split in D1a may have occurred near the Tibetan Plateau. [10]

History

Migration route of haplogroup D Haplogroup D (Y-DNA) migration.png
Migration route of haplogroup D
Migration route of Y-DNA haplogroups in East Asia Y-DNA haplogroup migration in East Asia map.png
Migration route of Y-DNA haplogroups in East Asia

Among the subgroups of Haplogroup D, the ancestor of D-M55 went eastward to reach the Japanese archipelago. [11] According to Michael F. Hammer of the University of Arizona, haplogroup D originated near the Tibetan Plateau and migrated into Japan were it eventually became D-M55. [12] Mitsuru Sakitani said that Haplogroup D1 came from Tibet to northern Kyushu via the Altai Mountains and the Korean Peninsula more than, and Haplogroup D-M55 (D1a2a) was born in the Japanese archipelago. [11]

Recent studies suggest that D-M55 became dominant during the late Jōmon period, shortly before the arrival of the Yayoi, suggesting a population boom and bust. [13]

Frequency

The average frequency in Japanese is about 33%. [4] [5] [7] [8] High frequencies are found in various places in Japan, especially in Hokkaidō, eastern Honshū, southern Kyūshū, and Okinawa.

Ancient DNA

A Jōmon period man excavated from Funadomari remains (about 3,800 - 3,500 YBP) in Rebun Island in Hokkaido belongs to Haplogroup D1a2a2a(D-CTS220). [21]

The analysis of an Jōmon sample (Ikawazu) and an ancient sample from the Tibetan Plateau (Chokhopani, Ch) found only partially shared ancestry, suggesting a positive genetic bottleneck regarding the spread of haplogroup D from an ancient population related to the Tibetan Chokhopani sample (and modern Tibeto-Burmese groups). [22]

Phylogenetic tree

By ISOGG tree(Version: 14.151). [23]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup G-M201</span> Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in western Eurasia

Haplogroup G (M201) is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two branches of the parent haplogroup GHIJK, the other being HIJK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup C-M130</span> Human Y chromosome DNA grouping found primarily in Asia

Haplogroup C is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, defined by UEPs M130/RPS4Y711, P184, P255, and P260, which are all SNP mutations. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup CF alongside Haplogroup F. Haplogroup C is found in ancient populations on every continent except Africa and is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among males belonging to many peoples indigenous to East Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, North America and Australia as well as a some populations in Europe, the Levant, and later Japan.

Haplogroup D1 or D-M174 is a subclade of haplogroup D-CTS3946. This male haplogroup is found primarily in East Asia, Magar-ethnic Nepal and the Andaman Islands. It is also found regularly with lower frequency in Central Asia and Mainland Southeast Asia, and, more rarely, in Europe and the Middle East.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup C-M217</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup C-M217, also known as C2, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the most frequently occurring branch of the wider Haplogroup C (M130). It is found mostly in Central Asia, Eastern Siberia and significant frequencies in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia including some populations in the Caucasus, Middle East, South Asia, East Europe. It is found in a much more widespread areas with a low frequency of less than 2%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup D-M15</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup T-M184</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup C-M8</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup D-Z27276</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup D-CTS3946</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup D or D-CTS3946 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. Like its relative distant sibling, haplogroup E-M96, D-CTS3946 has the YAP+ unique-event polymorphism, which defines their parent, haplogroup DE.

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