International Collegiate Programming Contest

Logo of the contest

The International Collegiate Programming Contest, known as the ICPC, is an annual multi-tiered competitive programming competition among the universities of the world. ^[1] Directed by ICPC Executive Director and Baylor Professor William B. Poucher, the ICPC operates autonomous regional contests covering six continents culminating in a global World Finals every year. In 2018, ICPC participation included 52,709 students from 3,233 universities in 110 countries.

The ICPC operates under the auspices of the ICPC Foundation and operates under agreements with host universities and non-profits, all in accordance with the ICPC Policies and Procedures. ^[2] From 1977 until 2017 ICPC was held under the auspices of ACM and was referred to as ACM-ICPC. ^[3]

History

The ICPC traces its roots to a competition held at Texas A&M University in 1970 hosted by the Alpha Chapter of the Upsilon Pi Epsilon Computer Science Honor Society (UPE). This initial programming competition was titled First Annual Texas Collegiate Programming Championship and each university was represented by a team of up to five members. The computer used was a 360 model 65 which was one of the first machines with a DAT (Dynamic Address Translator aka "paging") system for accessing memory. Teams that participated included Texas A&M, Texas Tech, University of Houston, and five or six other Texas University / Colleges. There were three problems that had to be completed and the cumulative time from "start" to "successful completion" determined first-, second-, and third-place winners. The programming language used was Fortran. The programs were written on coding sheets, keypunched on Hollerith cards, and submitted for execution. The University of Houston team won the competition completing all three problems successfully with time. The second- and third-place teams did not successfully complete all three problems. The contest evolved into its present form as a multi-tier competition in 1977, with the first finals held in conjunction with the ACM Computer Science Conference.

From 1977 to 1989, the contest included mainly teams of four from universities throughout the United States and Canada. ICPC Headquarters was hosted by Baylor University from 1989 until 2022, with regional contests established within the world's university community, the ICPC has grown into a worldwide competition. To increase access to the World Finals, teams were reduced to three students within their first five academic years.^{[ citation needed ]}

From 1997 to 2017, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) was the sponsor of ICPC. During that time contest participation has grown by more than 2000%. In 1997, 840 teams from 560 universities participated. In 2017, 46,381 students from 2,948 universities in 103 countries on six continents participated in regional competitions. Organized as a highly localized extra-curricular university mind sport and operating as a globally-coordinated unincorporated association operating under agreements with host universities and non-profits, the ICPC is open to qualified teams from every university in the world.^{[ citation needed ]}

UPE has provided continuous support since 1970 and honored World Finalists since the first Finals in 1976. The ICPC is indebted to ACM member contributions and ACM assistance from 1976 to 2018. Baylor University served since 1985, hosting ICPC Headquarters from 1989 until 2022. The ICPC operates under the auspices of the ICPC Foundation which provides the ICPC Global Headquarters to service a globally-coordinated community whose events operate under agreements with host universities and non-profits to insure that participation in ICPC is open to qualified teams from every university in the world. See ICPC Policies and Procedures. ^[2]

The ICPC World Finals (The Annual World Finals of the International Collegiate Programming Contest) is the final round of competition. Over its history it has become a 4-day event held in the finest venues worldwide with 140 teams competing in the 2018 World Finals. Recent World Champion teams have been recognized by their country's head of state. In recent years, media impressions have hovered at the one billion mark.^{[ citation needed ]}

Since 2000, only teams from Russia, China, and Poland have won the ICPC world finals, except in 2022. ^[4] Participation in North America is much smaller than in the rest of the world, which is partially attributed to the perceived low payoff of participating. ^[5]

Contest rules

ICPC contests are team competitions. Current rules stipulate that each team consist of three students. Participants must be university students, who have had less than five years of university education before the contest. Students who have previously competed in two World Finals or five regional competitions are ineligible to compete again. ^{[6] [7]}

During each contest, the teams of three are given 5 hours to solve between eight and fifteen programming problems (with eight typical for regionals and twelve for finals). They must submit solutions as programs in C, C++, Java, Ada, ^[8] Python ^{[9] [10]} or Kotlin ^[11] (although it is not guaranteed every problem is solvable in any certain language, the ICPC website states that "the judges will have solved all problems in Java and C++" for both regional and world finals competitions). Programs are then run on test data. If a program fails to give a correct answer, the team is notified and can submit another program.

The winner is the team which correctly solves the most problems. If necessary to rank teams for medals or prizes among tying teams, the placement of teams is determined by the sum of the elapsed times at each point that they submitted correct solutions plus 20 minutes for each rejected submission of a problem ultimately solved. There is no time consumed for a problem that is not solved. ^[12]

Compared to other programming contests (for example, International Olympiad in Informatics), the ICPC is characterized by a large number of problems (eight or more problems in just 5 hours). Another feature is that each team can use only one computer, although teams have three students. This makes the time pressure even greater. Good teamwork and ability to withstand pressure is needed to win.

2004–2022 finals

2004 World Finals

The 2004 ACM-ICPC World Finals were hosted at the Obecni Dum, Prague, by Czech Technical University in Prague. 3,150 teams representing 1,411 universities from 75 countries competed in elimination rounds, with 73 of those teams proceeding to the world finals. St. Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics from Russia won, solving 7 of 10 problems. ^[13] Gold medalists were St. Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden), Belarusian State University, and Perm State University (Russia).

2005 World Finals

Opening Ceremony in 2005

The 2005 world finals were held at Pudong Shangri-La Hotel in Shanghai on April 6, 2005, hosted by Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 4,109 teams representing 1,582 universities from 71 countries competed in elimination rounds, with 78 of those teams proceeding to the world finals. Shanghai Jiao Tong University won its second world title, with 8 of 10 problems solved. ^[14] Gold medal winners were Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Moscow State University (Russia), St. Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics (Russia), and University of Waterloo (Canada).

2006 World Finals

The 2006 ACM-ICPC World Finals were held in San Antonio, Texas, and hosted by Baylor University. ^[15] 5,606 teams representing 1,733 universities from 84 countries competed in elimination rounds, with 83 of those teams proceeding to the world finals. Saratov State University from Russia won, solving 6 of 10 problems. ^[16] Gold medal winners were Saratov, Jagiellonian University (Poland), Altai State Technical University (Russia), University of Twente (The Netherlands).

2007 World Finals

The 2007 ACM-ICPC World Finals were held at the Tokyo Bay Hilton, in Tokyo, Japan, March 12–16, 2007. The World Finals was hosted by the ACM Japan Chapter and the IBM Tokyo Research Lab. Some 6,099 teams competed on six continents at the regional level. Eighty-eight teams advanced to the World Finals. Warsaw University won its second world championship, solving 8 of 10 problems. Gold Medal Winners were Warsaw University, Tsinghua University (China), St. Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics (Russia), and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (United States). Silver Medal Winners include Shanghai Jiao Tong University (China) and 3 other universities.

2008 World Finals

The 2008 ACM-ICPC World Finals were held at the Fairmont Banff Springs Hotel, in Banff, Alberta, Canada, April 6–10, 2008. ^[17] The World Finals was hosted by the University of Alberta. There were 100 teams in the World finals, out of 6700 total teams competing in the earlier rounds. ^[18] The St. Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics won their second world championship. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Izhevsk State Technical University, and Lviv National University also received gold medals.

2009 World Finals

The 2009 ACM-ICPC World Finals were held in Stockholm, Sweden, April 18–22, at the campus of the hosting institution, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, as well as at the Grand Hotel, the Radisson Strand, and the Diplomat Hotel. There were 100 teams from over 200 regional sites competing for the World Championship. The St. Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics defended their title, winning their third world championship. Tsinghua University, St. Petersburg State University, and Saratov State University also received gold medals. ^[19] The 2009 World Finals pioneered live video broadcasting of the entire contest, featuring elements such as expert commentary, live feeds of teams and their computer screens and interviews with judges, coaches and dignitaries. The event was broadcast online, as well as by Swedish television channel Axess TV.

2010 World Finals

The 2010 ACM-ICPC World Finals were held in Harbin, China. The host is Harbin Engineering University. Shanghai Jiao Tong University won the world championship. ^[20] Moscow State University, National Taiwan University, and Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University also received gold medals.

2011 World Finals

The 2011 ACM-ICPC World Finals were held in Orlando, Florida and hosted by main sponsor IBM. The contest was initially scheduled to be held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt in February, but was moved due to the political instability associated with the Arab Spring. Zhejiang University took first place with the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Tsinghua University, and Saint Petersburg State University taking 2nd, 3rd, and 4th respectively each receiving gold medals. ^[21] China(2G) United States(1G) Russia(1G,2S,2B) Germany(1S) Ukraine(1S) Poland(1B) Canada(1B)

2012 World Finals

The 2012 World Finals were held in Warsaw, Poland. They were inaugurated on 15 May and hosted by University of Warsaw. ^[22] St. Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics won their fourth world championship, the most by any University at the time. University of Warsaw, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University took 2nd, 3rd, and 4th place respectively each receiving gold medals. Russia(2G,1B) China(1G,1S) Poland(1G) United States(1S) Hong Kong(1S) Belarus(1S,1B) Canada(1B) Japan(1B)

2013 World Finals

The 2013 World Finals were held in Saint Petersburg, Russia. They were inaugurated on 3 July and were hosted by NRU ITMO.

2013 top thirteen teams that received medals are:

Japan(1G) Russia(1G,1S,2B) China(1G,1B) Taiwan(1G) Poland(1S,1B) Ukraine(1S) Belarus(1S) United States(1B)

• Saint Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (GOLD, WORLD CHAMPION),
• Shanghai Jiao Tong University (GOLD, 2nd Place),
• The University of Tokyo (GOLD, 3rd Place),
• National Taiwan University (GOLD, 4th Place),
• St. Petersburg State University (SILVER, 5th Place),
• University of Warsaw (SILVER, 6th Place),
• Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (SILVER, 7th Place),
• Belarusian State University (SILVER, 8th Place),
• Jagiellonian University in Krakow (BRONZE, 9th Place),
• Moscow State University (BRONZE, 10th Place),
• Carnegie Mellon University (BRONZE, 11th Place),
• Tsinghua University (BRONZE, 12th Place),
• Perm State University (BRONZE, 13th Place). ^{[23] [24]}

2014 World Finals

The 2014 World Finals were held in Ekaterinburg, Russia on June 21–25, hosted by Ural Federal University. Final competition was held on 25 June. ^[25] 122 teams participated in the competition and St. Petersburg State University became the world champion. ^[26]

Following teams were awarded medals in ICPC 2014: ^[26]

Russia(2G,2B) China(1G,1S,1B) Taiwan(1G) Japan(1S) Poland(1S) Croatia(1S) Slovakia(1B)

Gold

• St. Petersburg State University
• Moscow State University
• Peking University
• National Taiwan University

Silver

• University of Warsaw
• Shanghai Jiao Tong University
• The University of Tokyo
• University of Zagreb

Bronze

• St. Petersburg National Research University of IT, Mechanics and Optics
• National Research University Higher School of Economics
• Tsinghua University
• Comenius University

2015 World Finals

ITMO team 2015

The 2015 World Finals were held in Marrakesh (Morocco) during May 16–21, hosted by Mohammed the Fifth University, Al Akhawayn University and Mundiapolis University. Final competition was on May 20. 128 teams competed to be World Champion. Winner was Saint Petersburg ITMO, solving all the proposed problems (13) for the first time ever. Russia (2G), China (1G, 1B, 1S), Japan (1G), United States (1B, 1S), Croatia (1S), Czech Republic (1S), Korea (1B), Poland (1B).

Gold

• ITMO University
• Moscow State University
• University of Tokyo
• Tsinghua University

Silver

• Peking University
• University of California, Berkeley
• University of Zagreb
• Charles University

Bronze

• Shanghai Jiao Tong University
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Korea University
• University of Warsaw

2016 World Finals

The 2016 World Finals were held in Phuket (Thailand) during May 16–21. Final competition was on May 19. 128 teams competed to be World Champion. Winner was Saint Petersburg State University solving 11 problems from 13 proposed problems. Second winner was Shanghai Jiao Tong University 7 minutes behind SpSU, also with 11 problems solved.

Gold

• Saint Petersburg State University
• Shanghai Jiao Tong University
• Harvard University
• Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Silver

• University of Warsaw
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• St. Petersburg ITMO University
• Ural Federal University

Bronze

• University of Warsaw
• N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
• Lviv National University
• Fudan University ^[27]

2017 World Finals

The 2017 World Finals were held in Rapid City, South Dakota (United States) during May 20–25, hosted by Excellence in Computer Programming. Due to visa issue, several teams were unable to present onsite, in which the affected schools are allowed direct qualifications for ICPC 2018 besides the usual qualification spots.

The winner was ITMO University. Teams of the following countries were awarded medals in ICPC 2017: Russia (2 Gold, 1 Silver, 1 Bronze), Poland (1 Gold), South Korea (1 Gold, 1 Bronze), China (3 Silver), Sweden (1 Bronze), Japan (1 Bronze).

Gold

• ITMO University
• University of Warsaw
• Seoul National University
• Saint Petersburg State University

Silver

• Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
• Tsinghua University
• Peking University
• Fudan University

Bronze

• KAIST
• Ural Federal University
• KTH Royal Institute of Technology
• University of Tokyo

2018 World Finals

The 2018 World Finals were held in Beijing (China), during April 15–20, hosted by Peking University.

Gold

• Moscow State University
• Moscow Institute of Physics & Technology
• Peking University
• The University of Tokyo

Silver

• Seoul National University
• University of New South Wales
• Tsinghua University
• Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Bronze

• ITMO University
• University of Central Florida
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Vilnius University
• Ural Federal University

Medals granted in the 2018 World Final

Archived at the Wayback Machine (archived April 24, 2018)

	Rank in Final	Country	Institution	First to Solve Problem	Number of solved problems
01	1	Russia	Moscow State University	Panda Preserve & Single Cut of Failure	9
02	2	Russia	Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology	Getting a Jump on Crime	8
03	3	China	Peking University	Gem Island	8
04	4	Japan	The University of Tokyo		8
05	5	South Korea	Seoul National University	Comma Sprinkler	7
06	6	Australia	University of New South Wales	Wireless is the New Fiber	7
07	7	China	Tsinghua University		7
08	8	China	Shanghai Jiao Tong University		7
09	9	Russia	ITMO University	Go with the Flow	7
10	10	United States	University of Central Florida		7
11	11	United States	Massachusetts Institute of Technology		7
12	12	Lithuania	Vilnius University	Catch the Plane	7
13	13	Russia	Ural Federal University		7

In 2018 World Final, problems "Conquer the World" and "Uncrossed Knight's Tour" were not solved.

2019 World Finals

The 2019 World Finals were held in Porto (Portugal) from March 31 to April 5, 2019, hosted by the University of Porto and the City of Porto. ^[28]

Gold

• Moscow State University
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• University of Tokyo
• University of Warsaw

Silver

• National Taiwan University
• University of Wroclaw
• Seoul National University
• Kim Chaek University of Technology

Bronze

• Sharif University of Technology
• Moscow Institute of Physics & Technology
• National Research University Higher School of Economics
• The Chinese University of Hong Kong

2020–2021 World Finals

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 World Finals were postponed. ^[29] It finally took place in Moscow (Russia) from October 1 to October 5, 2021, hosted by Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. ^[30]

Gold ^[31]

• State University of Nizhny Novgorod
• Seoul National University
• ITMO University
• Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Silver

• University of Wroclaw
• University of Cambridge
• Belarusian State University
• University of Bucharest

Bronze

• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics
• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• Higher School of Economics

Medals granted in the 2020–2021 World Finals

"ICPC World Finals Moscow final standings". ICPC World finals. Retrieved 2021-10-16.

	Rank in Final	Country	Institution	First to Solve Problem [32]	No Of Questions Solved
01	1	Russia	State University of Nizhny Novgorod	B (The Cost of Speed Limits); H (QC QC)	12
02	2	South Korea	Seoul National University	F (Ley Lines)	11
03	3	Russia	ITMO University	I (Quests)	11
04	4	Russia	Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology		11
05	5	Poland	University of Wroclaw	G (Opportunity Cost)	11
06	6	United Kingdom	University of Cambridge	A (Cardiology)	11
07	7	Belarus	Belarusian State University		11
08	8	Romania	University of Bucharest	D (Gene Folding); O (Which Planet is This?!)	10
09	9	United States	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	E (Landscape Generator); J (’S No Problem)	10
10	10	Ukraine	Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics		10
11	11	United States	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign		10
12	12	Russia	Higher School of Economics		9

In 2020–2021 World Final, problems K (Space Walls) and L (Sweep Stakes) were not solved.

2022 World Finals

The 2022 World Finals were held in Dhaka (Bangladesh), hosted by the University of Asia Pacific. ^[33]

Gold

• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Peking University
• University of Tokyo
• Seoul National University

Silver

• ETH Zurich
• École normale supérieure (Paris)
• Carnegie Mellon University
• University of Warsaw

Bronze

• Higher School of Economics
• Saint Petersburg State University
• University of Oxford
• VNU University of Engineering and Technology

Winners

22000

Wins	Country	Institution	Most Recent
7	Russia	ITMO University	2017
4	Russia	Saint Petersburg State University	2016
3	China	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	2010
3	United States	Stanford University	1991
2	United States	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	2022
2	Russia	Moscow State University	2019
2	Poland	University of Warsaw	2007
2	Canada	University of Waterloo	1999
2	United States	California Institute of Technology	1988
2	United States	Washington University in St. Louis	1980

Years

Year	Country	Institution	Host Country	Host City
2023	Russia	National Research University Higher School of Economics	Egypt	Luxor
2022	China	Peking University	Egypt	Luxor
2021	United States	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Bangladesh	Dhaka
2020	Russia	Nizhny Novgorod State University	Russia	Moscow
2019	Russia	Moscow State University	Portugal	Porto
2018	Russia	Moscow State University	China	Beijing
2017	Russia	ITMO University	United States	Rapid City, South Dakota
2016	Russia	St. Petersburg State University	Thailand	Phuket
2015	Russia	ITMO University	Morocco	Marrakech
2014	Russia	St. Petersburg State University	Russia	Ekaterinburg
2013	Russia	ITMO University	Russia	Saint Petersburg
2012	Russia	ITMO University	Poland	Warsaw
2011	China	Zhejiang University	United States	Orlando, Florida
2010	China	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	China	Harbin
2009	Russia	ITMO University	Sweden	Stockholm
2008	Russia	ITMO University	Canada	Banff, Alberta
2007	Poland	University of Warsaw	Japan	Urayasu, Chiba
2006	Russia	Saratov State University	United States	San Antonio, Texas
2005	China	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	China	Shanghai
2004	Russia	ITMO University	Czech Republic	Prague
2003	Poland	University of Warsaw	United States	Beverly Hills, California
2002	China	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	United States	Honolulu, Hawaii
2001	Russia	St. Petersburg State University	Canada	Vancouver, British Columbia
2000	Russia	St. Petersburg State University	United States	Orlando, Florida
1999	Canada	University of Waterloo	Netherlands	Eindhoven
1998	Czech Republic	Charles University	United States	Atlanta, Georgia
1997	United States	Harvey Mudd College	United States	San Jose, California
1996	United States	University of California, Berkeley	United States	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1995	Germany	Albert-Ludwigs-Universität	United States	Nashville, Tennessee
1994	Canada	University of Waterloo	United States	Phoenix, Arizona
1993	United States	Harvard University	United States	Indianapolis, Indiana
1992	Australia	University of Melbourne	United States	Kansas City, Missouri
1991	United States	Stanford University	United States	San Antonio, Texas
1990	New Zealand	University of Otago	United States	Washington, DC
1989	United States	University of California, Los Angeles	United States	Louisville, Kentucky
1988	United States	California Institute of Technology	United States	Atlanta, Georgia
1987	United States	Stanford University	United States	St Louis, Missouri
1986	United States	California Institute of Technology	United States	Cincinnati, Ohio
1985	United States	Stanford University	United States	New Orleans, Louisiana
1984	United States	Johns Hopkins University	United States	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1983	United States	University of Nebraska - Lincoln	United States	Melbourne, Florida
1982	United States	Baylor University	United States	Indianapolis, Indiana
1981	United States	University of Missouri–Rolla	United States	St Louis, Missouri
1980	United States	Washington University in St. Louis	United States	Kansas City, Missouri
1979	United States	Washington University in St. Louis	United States	Dayton, Ohio
1978	United States	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	United States	Detroit, Michigan
1977	United States	Michigan State University	United States	Atlanta, Georgia

Countries

Winner	Country	Most Recent Win	No. of Years Participated
18	United States	2021	47
16	Russia	2023	28 (since 1996)
5	China	2022
2	Poland	2007
2	Canada	1999
1	Czech Republic	1998
1	Germany	1995
1	Australia	1992
1	New Zealand	1990

Renowned participants

Some former ICPC finalists have made remarkable achievements in the software industry and research. They include Adam D'Angelo, the former CTO of Facebook and founder of Quora; Nikolai Durov, the co-founder of Telegram Messenger; Matei Zaharia, the creator of Apache Spark; Tony Hsieh, the CEO of Zappos and a venture capitalist; Amit Sahai, renowned professor specializing in security and cryptography;and Craig Silverstein, the first employee of Google. ^{[ citation needed ]}

See also

• ACM Student Research Competition
• Competitive programming, a type of mind sport involved in programming competitions
• Online judge, a service to practice for programming contests and run them online
• PC², the Programming Contest Control System in support of Computer Programming Contest activities (used at ICPC World Finals until 2008)

References

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External links

• Official Website of the ICPC.