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Names | |
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Other names Iridium dioxide | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.572 |
PubChem CID | |
UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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Properties | |
IrO2 | |
Molar mass | 224.22 g/mol |
Appearance | blue-black solid |
Density | 11.66 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 1,100 °C (2,010 °F; 1,370 K) decomposes |
insoluble | |
+224.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Structure | |
Rutile (tetragonal) | |
Octahedral (Ir); Trigonal (O) | |
Hazards | |
Flash point | Non-flammable |
Related compounds | |
Other anions | iridium(IV) fluoride, iridium disulfide |
Other cations | rhodium dioxide, osmium dioxide, platinum dioxide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
Iridium(IV) oxide, IrO2, is the only well-characterised oxide of iridium. It is a blue-black solid, used with other rare oxides to coat anodes.
As described by its discoverers, it can be formed by treating the green form of iridium trichloride with oxygen at high temperatures:
A hydrated form is also known. [1]
The compound adopts the TiO2 rutile structure, featuring six coordinate iridium and three coordinate oxygen. [2] It forms a tetragonal lattice with lattice parameters of 4.5Å and 3.15Å. [3]
Oxide materials are typically hard and brittle. [4] Indeed, iridium oxide does not easily deform under stress, [5] instead cracking easily. [6] Measured deflections of a thin, cantilevered iridium oxide film indicate a Young’s modulus of 300 ± 15 GPa, [5] substantially lower than the Young's modulus of metallic iridium (517 GPa). [7]
Iridium dioxide can be used to make coated electrodes [8] for industrial electrolysis or as microelectrodes for electrophysiology. [9] In electrolytic applications, IrO2 films evolve O2 efficiently. [10]
Electrode manufacture typically requires high-temperature annealing. [11]
Fracture and delamination are well-known problems when fabricating devices that incorporate iridium oxide film. One cause of delamination is lattice mismatch between iridium oxide and the substrate. Sputtering iridium oxide on a liquid crystal polymer has been proposed to avoid mismatch, [12] but sputtered films spontaneously delaminate during cyclic voltammetry if the maximum potential bias exceeds 0.9 V. [13]