Jianwei Miao

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Jianwei (John) Miao
Miao picture 2023.jpg
BornNovember 1969 (age 55–56)
Hangzhou, China
Education Hangzhou University (now Zhejiang University) (BS, 1991)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (MS, 1994)
State University of New York at Stony Brook (PhD, 1999)
Known for Coherent Diffractive Imaging
Atomic Electron Tomography
3D atomic structure of amorphous solids
Scientific career
Fields Physics, Materials science, Microscopy
Institutions SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University (2000 – 2004)
University of California, Los Angeles (2004 – present)
Doctoral advisor David Sayre, Janos Kirz
Website https://www.physics.ucla.edu/research/imaging

Jianwei (John) Miao is a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles and a member of the California NanoSystems Institute. He pioneered computational microscopy by unifying crystallography and microscopy through coherent diffraction and algorithms, replacing lenses with computation. [1] In 1999, he demonstrated the first experimental coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), which laid the foundation for modern ptychography and reshaped nanoscale and atomic-scale structural measurement across synchrotron radiation, X-ray free electron lasers, high-harmonic generation, optical microscopy, and electron microscopy. [2] [3]

Contents

In 2012, Miao applied the CDI method to pioneer Atomic Electron Tomography (AET), enabling the first determination of 3D atomic structures without assuming crystallinity or averaging. [4] [5] In 2025, he published a single-author review article in Nature titled "Computational microscopy with coherent diffractive imaging and ptychography", which encapsulates 25 years of advancements in computational imaging that have fundamentally transformed the field of microscopy. [1] [6]

Career

Miao received a BS in physics from Hangzhou University (now Zhejiang University) in 1991, and an MS in physics from the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1994. [7] He then moved to the U.S. and received a PhD in physics, an M.S. in computer science, and an advanced graduate certificate in biomedical engineering from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1999. [7] After obtaining his PhD, Miao became a staff scientist in the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. In 2004, he moved to UCLA as an assistant professor and was promoted to full professor in 2009. [2] He has served as the Deputy Director of the STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center since 2016. [8]

Research

Miao pioneered the development of novel imaging methods using x-rays and electrons, and contributed to theory, computation, and experiment. He proposed the oversampling ratio concept in 1998, which explains under what conditions the phase problem of non-crystalline specimens can be solved. [9] In 1999, he conducted the first CDI experiment [2] at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory. CDI methods, such as conventional CDI, ptychography [10] (i.e., scanning CDI [11] ) and Bragg CDI, have been broadly implemented using synchrotron radiation, x-ray free electron lasers, high harmonic generation, electron and optical microscopy. [3] It has also become one of the justifications for the construction of x-ray free electron lasers worldwide. [3]

In 2012, Miao applied CDI phase retrieval algorithms to tomography and demonstrated AET at 2.4 Å resolution without assuming crystallinity. [4] He then applied AET to observe nearly all the atoms in a Pt nanoparticle, [12] and imaged the 3D core structure of edge and screw dislocations at atomic resolution. [13] In 2015, he determined the 3D coordinates of thousands of individual atoms in a material with a 3D precision of 19 pm and addressed Richard Feynman's 1959 challenge. [14] Later, Miao measured the 3D coordinates of more than 23,000 atoms in an FePt nanoparticle, and correlated chemical order/disorder and crystal defects with material properties at the single-atom level. [15] In 2019, he developed 4D AET to observe crystal nucleation at atomic resolution, showing early stage nucleation results contradict classical nucleation theory. [16] Miao also demonstrated scanning AET (sAET) to correlate the 3D atomic defects and electronic properties of 2D materials. [17] In 2021, he determined for the first time the 3D atomic structure of amorphous solids and observed the medium-range order in amorphous materials. [18] [19] [20]

Awards

References

  1. 1 2 Miao, Jianwei (2025). "Computational microscopy with coherent diffractive imaging and ptychography" . Nature. 615 (7951): 63–73. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08278-z.
  2. 1 2 3 Miao, J.; Charalambous, P.; Kirz, J.; Sayre, D. (1999). "Extending the methodology of X-ray crystallography to allow imaging of micrometre-sized non-crystalline specimens". Nature. 400 (6742): 342–344. Bibcode:1999Natur.400..342M. doi:10.1038/22498. S2CID   4327928.
  3. 1 2 3 Miao, J.; Ishikawa, T.; Robinson, I. K.; Murnane, M. M. (2015). "Beyond crystallography: Diffractive imaging using coherent x-ray light sources". Science. 348 (6234): 530–535. Bibcode:2015Sci...348..530M. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1394 . PMID   25931551. S2CID   206632996.
  4. 1 2 Scott, M. C.; Chen, C. C.; Mecklenburg, M.; Zhu, C.; Xu, X.; Ercius, P.; Dahmen, U.; Regan, B. C.; Miao, J. (2012). "Electron tomography at 2.4-ångström resolution". Nature. 483 (7390): 444–447. Bibcode:2012Natur.483..444S. doi:10.1038/nature10934. PMID   22437612. S2CID   1600103.
  5. ↑ Miao, J.; Ercius, P.; Billinge, S. J. L. (2016). "Atomic electron tomography: 3D structures without crystals". Science. 353 (6306) aaf2157. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2157 . PMID   27708010. S2CID   30174421.
  6. ↑ "Revolutionizing microscopy: 25 years of computational imaging breakthroughs". UCLA Newsroom. University of California, Los Angeles. January 2025.
  7. 1 2 "Jianwei (John) Miao, Professor at UCLA".
  8. ↑ "STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center".
  9. ↑ Miao, J.; Sayre, D.; Chapman, H. N. (1998). "Phase Retrieval from the Magnitude of the Fourier transform of Non-periodic Objects". J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 15 (6): 1662–1669. Bibcode:1998JOSAA..15.1662M. doi:10.1364/JOSAA.15.001662.
  10. ↑ Rodenburg, J. M.; Hurst, A. C.; Cullis, A. G.; Dobson, B. R.; Pfeiffer, F.; Bunk, O.; David, C.; Jefimovs, K.; Johnson, I. (2007). "Hard-X-Ray Lensless Imaging of Extended Objects". Physical Review Letters. 98 (3) 034801. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98c4801R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.034801. PMID   17358687.
  11. ↑ Thibault, P.; Dierolf, M.; Menzel, A.; Bunk, O.; David, C.; Pfeiffer, F. (2008). "High-Resolution Scanning X-ray Diffraction Microscopy". Science. 321 (5887): 379–382. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..379T. doi:10.1126/science.1158573. PMID   18635796. S2CID   30125688.
  12. ↑ "A Nature video on AET". YouTube .
  13. ↑ Chen, C. C.; Zhu, C.; White, E. R.; Chiu, C.-Y.; Scott, M. C.; Regan, B. C.; Marks, L. D.; Huang, Y.; Miao, J. (2013). "Three-dimensional imaging of dislocations in a nanoparticle at atomic resolution". Nature. 496 (7443): 74–77. Bibcode:2013Natur.496...74C. doi:10.1038/nature12009. PMID   23535594. S2CID   4410909.
  14. ↑ Xu, R.; Chen, C.-C.; Wu, L.; Scott, M. C.; Theis, W.; Ophus, C.; Bartels, M.; Yang, Y.; Ramezani-Dakhel, H.; Sawaya, M. R.; Heinz, H.; Marks, L. D.; Ercius, P.; Miao, J. (2015). "Three-Dimensional Coordinates of Individual Atoms in Materials Revealed by Electron Tomography". Nat. Mater. 14 (11): 1099–1103. arXiv: 1505.05938 . Bibcode:2015NatMa..14.1099X. doi:10.1038/nmat4426. PMID   26390325. S2CID   5455024.
  15. ↑ Yang, Y.; Chen, C.-C.; Scott, M. C.; Ophus, C.; Xu, R.; Pryor Jr, A.; Wu, L.; Sun, F.; Theis, W.; Zhou, J.; Eisenbach, M.; Kent, P. R. C.; Sabirianov, R. F.; Zeng, H.; Ercius, P.; Miao, J. (2017). "Deciphering chemical order/disorder and material properties at the single-atom level". Nature. 542 (7639): 75–79. arXiv: 1607.02051 . Bibcode:2017Natur.542...75Y. doi:10.1038/nature21042. PMID   28150758. S2CID   4464276.
  16. ↑ Zhou, J.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Kim, D. S.; Yuan, A.; Tian, X.; Ophus, C.; Sun, F.; Schmid, A. K.; Nathanson, M.; Heinz, H.; An, Q.; Zeng, H.; Ercius, P.; Miao, J (2019). "Observing crystal nucleation in four dimensions using atomic electron tomography". Nature. 570 (7762): 500–503. Bibcode:2019Natur.570..500Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1317-x. PMID   31243385. S2CID   195657117.
  17. ↑ Tian, X.; Kim, D. S.; Yang, S.; Ciccarino, S., C. J.; Gong, Y.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Duschatko, B.; Yuan, Y.; Ajayan, P. M.; Idrobo, J. C.; Narang, P.; Miao, J. (2020). "Correlating the three-dimensional atomic defects and electronic properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides". Nat. Mater. 19 (8): 867–873. Bibcode:2020NatMa..19..867T. doi:10.1038/s41563-020-0636-5. OSTI   1631219. PMID   32152562. S2CID   212642445.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ Yang, Y.; Zhou, J.; Zhu, F.; Yuan, Y.; Chang, D.; Kim, D. S.; Pham, M.; Rana, A.; Tian, X.; Yao, Y.; Osher, S.; Schmid, A. K.; Hu, L.; Ercius, P.; Miao, J. (2021). "Determining the three-dimensional atomic structure of an amorphous solid". Nature. 592 (7852): 60–64. arXiv: 2004.02266 . Bibcode:2021Natur.592...60Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03354-0. PMID   33790443. S2CID   214802235.
  19. ↑ Voyles, P. (2021). "Atomic structure of a glass imaged at last". Nature. 592 (7852): 31–32. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00794-6. PMID   33790449. S2CID   232481931.
  20. ↑ Yuan, Y.; Kim, D. S.; Zhou, J.; Chang, D. J.; Zhu, F.; Nagaoka, Y.; Yang, Y.; Pham, M.; Osher, S. J.; Chen, O.; Ercius, P.; Schmid, A. K.; Miao, J. (2022). "Three-dimensional atomic packing in amorphous solids with liquid-like structure". Nat. Mater. 21 (1): 95–102. Bibcode:2022NatMa..21...95Y. doi:10.1038/s41563-021-01114-z. PMID   34663951. S2CID   239022109.
  21. ↑ "Kavli Frontiers of Science".
  22. ↑ "UCLA News".
  23. ↑ "MRS Innovation in Materials Characterization Award".
  24. ↑ "2025 MRS Fellows". Materials Research Society.
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