List of Hawaii ballot measures

Last updated

Since 1968, Hawaii has required a statewide vote for all constitutional amendments voted on by the legislature.

Contents

Background

Hawaii has not historically had a statewide system for citizens to place initiatives on the ballot. In 1907, while it was still a territory, the Democratic Party of Hawaii passed a resolution supporting an initiative system, but when Hawaii became a state no system was included in the Constitution of Hawaii. [1] At the 1968 Constitutional Convention, an initiative & referendum (I&R) system was proposed but was shot down by the committee after less than thirty minutes of deliberation. [2] Efforts were revived during the 1978 Constitutional Convention, spearheaded by State Senator Mary George and the "Citizens Con Con Monitors." [3] [4] This effort was opposed by several workers unions, including the United Public Workers and the Hawaii Government Employees Association, who claimed that "initiative, referendum, and recall would be dominated by emotion rather than reason." [5] While supporters of I&R were successful in bringing the proposal to a vote at the convention, it was ultimately rejected. [6] Since that time, various other efforts have been undertaken by activists to limited success—while some counties and cities have adopted I&R, the state legislature has adopted an attitude described by the Initiative & Referendum Institute as "openly hostile." [7]

Types of ballot measures

The only form of ballot measure permitted in Hawaii are legislatively referred constitutional amendments, which are changes to the Constitution of Hawaii proposed by the Hawaiian Government. [8] Article XVII of the Constitution of Hawaii provides for two means by which measures can be placed on the ballot: [9]

Constitutional amendments passed via ballot measures are unable to be vetoed by the Governor. [9]

1968—1999

1968

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment to adopt specific districts for the Hawaii House and SenatePassed149,200 (76.29%)46,360 (23.71%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment to establish a reapportionment commission to handle redistrictingPassed152,962 (78.27%)42,468 (21.73%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment to ensure roughly equal representation in the state legislature across HawaiiPassed148,077 (75.73%)47,451 (24.27%)
Amendment 4A constitutional amendment to guarantee a right to privacyPassed151,603 (77.53%)43,927 (22.47%)
Amendment 5A constitutional amendment allowing state courts to not provide bail if a defendants release would cause danger to othersPassed145,682 (74.50%)49,860 (25.50%)
Amendment 6A constitutional amendment to guarantee a right to effective counselPassed152,113 (77.80%)43,412 (22.20%)
Amendment 7A constitutional amendment to ensure that land seized under eminent domain result in fair compensation for the land ownersPassed152,815 (78.15%)42,721 (21.85%)
Amendment 8A constitutional amendment lowering the voting age to 18 years oldFailed96,283 (49.24%)99,257 (50.76%)
Amendment 9A constitutional amendment restoring the right to vote to felonsPassed128,703 (65.83%)66,818 (34.17%)
Amendment 10A constitutional amendment removing the requirement that citizens be fluent in either Hawaiian or English to votePassed120,431 (61.59%)75,106 (38.41%)
Amendment 11A constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to provide a presidential preference primaryPassed147,254 (75.30%)48,295 (24.70%)
Amendment 12A constitutional amendment lowering the age limit to serve in the legislaturePassed111,302 (56.92%)84,244 (43.08%)
Amendment 13A constitutional amendment making various changes to the state legislature processPassed148,634 (76.03%)46,861 (23.97%)
Amendment 14A constitutional amendment setting legislators' salaries at $12,000 a yearPassed112,399 (57.48%)83,138 (42.52%)
Amendment 15A constitutional amendment modifying the structure and powers of the state executivePassed133,501 (68.28%)62,016 (31.72%)
Amendment 16A constitutional amendment modifying the structure and powers of the state court systemPassed146,762 (75.06%)48,762 (24.94%)
Amendment 17A constitutional amendment modifying state and county debt limitsPassed141,042 (72.14%)54,467 (27.86%)
Amendment 18A constitutional amendment requiring state budgets be passed on a biennial basisPassed149,109 (76.26%)46,429 (23.74%)
Amendment 19A constitutional amendment to allow for home rule in Hawaii countiesPassed154,658 (79.10%)40,857 (20.90%)
Amendment 20A constitutional amendment allowing public employees to join unionsPassed132,968 (67.96%)62,692 (32.04%)
Amendment 21A constitutional amendment to create a code of ethics for all public employeesPassed153,949 (78.74%)41,566 (21.26%)
Amendment 22A constitutional amendment to allow for future constitutional conventionsPassed153,599 (78.56%)41,925 (21.44%)
Amendment 23A constitutional amendment making various revisions to the Hawaii ConstitutionPassed153,967 (78.75%)41,550 (21.25%)
Amendment 24A constitutional amendment reapportioning the state legislaturePassed111,911 (62.23%)59,661 (37.77%)

1970

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Proposition 1A constitutional amendment to modify the selection process for the Board of EducationFailed70,587 (37.83%)115,990 (62.17%)
Proposition 2A constitutional amendment modifying the selection process for superintendentsFailed76,711 (42.30%)104,636 (57.70%)
Proposition 3A constitutional amendment lowering the vote age to 18 years oldFailed95,265 (49.16%)98,502 (50.84%)
Proposition 4A constitutional amendment requiring city charters undergo a review process every ten yearsPassed109,137 (66.82%)54,205 (33.18%)

1972

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment to prohibit sex discriminationPassed207,123 (86.64%)31,930 (13.36%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment modifying the appropriations processPassed162,594 (74.98%)54,246 (25.02%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment lowering the voting age to 18 years oldPassed174,118 (72.47%)66,135 (27.53%)

1974

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment excluding some types of funding from the governor's veto abilityFailed11,223 (47.80%)12,257 (52.20%)

1976

Measure nameDescription [10] StatusYes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment to create standard minimum housing requirements across the statePassed200,787 (74.25%)69,623 (25.75%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment calling for a constitutional conventionPassed199,831 (74.26%)69,264 (25.74%)

1978

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment requiring twelve-member jurys and increasing the value of controversy to $1,000Passed168,910 (66.97%)83,316 (33.03%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment modifying the grand jury processPassed162,124 (64.28%)90,102 (35.72%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment affirming the right to privacyPassed131,244 (52.03%)120,982 (47.97%)
Amendment 4A constitutional amendment requiring the secrecy of votingPassed161,119 (63.88%)91,107 (36.12%)
Amendment 5A constitutional amendment requiring candidates for office to resign from any other political position they currently holdPassed148,542 (58.89%)103,684 (41.11%)
Amendment 6A constitutional amendment setting more restrictive campaign finance lawsPassed145,910 (57.85%)106,316 (42.15%)
Amendment 7A constitutional amendment modifying the processes of the state legislaturePassed159,907 (63.40%)92,319 (36.60%)
Amendment 8A constitutional amendment modifying the reapportionment timelinePassed169,136 (67.06%)83,090 (32.94%)
Amendment 9A constitutional amendment limiting the governor and lieutenant governor to two termsPassed171,518 (68.00%)80,708 (32.00%)
Amendment 10A constitutional amendment substantially overhauling the state court systemPassed168,639 (66.86%)83,587 (33.14%)
Amendment 11A constitutional amendment clarifying state spending limitsPassed168,508 (66.81%)83,718 (33.19%)
Amendment 12A constitutional amendment modifying the debt limitPassed178,358 (70.71%)73,868 (29.29%)
Amendment 13A constitutional amendment allowing the legislature more freedom in issuing bondsPassed163,709 (64.91%)88,517 (35.09%)
Amendment 14A constitutional amendment establishing a council on revenues at the state levelPassed175,110 (69.43%)77,116 (30.57%)
Amendment 15A constitutional amendment allowing the legislature to establish a tax review commissionPassed170,815 (67.72%)81,411 (32.28%)
Amendment 16A constitutional amendment transferring some taxation powers from the state to countiesPassed130,963 (51.92%)121,263 (48.08%)
Amendment 17A constitutional amendment substantially overhauling state protections for the disabled and elderlyPassed173,839 (68.92%)78,387 (31.08%)
Amendment 18A constitutional amendment requiring the state and counties to plan for population growthPassed167,450 (66.39%)84,776 (33.61%)
Amendment 19A constitutional amendment modifying the structure of the Board of EducationPassed177,549 (70.39%)74,677 (29.61%)
Amendment 20A constitutional amendment prohibiting discrimination in public education and funding the creation of a Hawaiian Studies program for public schoolsPassed160,937 (63.81%)91,289 (36.19%)
Amendment 21A constitutional amendment modifying the power of the Hawaii University Board of RegentsPassed175,201 (69.46%)77,025 (30.54%)
Amendment 22A constitutional amendment requiring the state to engage in more water resource protectionPassed171,054 (67.82%)81,172 (32.18%)
Amendment 23A constitutional amendment requiring the state and counties to engage in more resource protection effortsPassed156,153 (61.91%)96,073 (38.09%)
Amendment 24A constitutional amendment requiring the state to engage in more conservation effortsPassed172,236 (68.29%)79,990 (31.71%)
Amendment 25A constitutional amendment tightening state control of marine resourcesPassed178,296 (70.69%)73,930 (29.31%)
Amendment 26A constitutional amendment prohibiting nuclear power plants unless approved by a supermajority vote in the legislaturePassed164,366 (65.17%)87,860 (34.83%)
Amendment 27A constitutional amendment requiring the legislature to fund the Department of Hawaiian Home LandsPassed130,232 (51.18%)121,994 (48.82%)
Amendment 28A constitutional amendment creating the Office of Hawaiian AffairsPassed129,089 (51.18%)123,137 (48.82%)
Amendment 29A constitutional amendment explicitly protecting traditional rights held by the indigenous people of HawaiiPassed140,061 (92.01%)12,165 (7.99%)
Amendment 30A constitutional amendment clarifying that the code of ethics for public employees would also apply to constitutional convention delegatesPassed179,961 (71.35%)72,265 (28.65%)
Amendment 31A constitutional amendment clarifying the state boundaries and mottoPassed175,844 (69.72%)76,382 (30.28%)
Amendment 32A constitutional amendment preventing adverse possessionPassed148,107 (58.72%)104,119 (41.28%)
Amendment 33A constitutional amendment making some miscellaneous revisions to the state constitutionPassed178,632 (70.82%)73,594 (29.18%)
Amendment 34A constitutional amendment making various style changes to the state constitutionPassed175,032 (69.39%)77,194 (30.61%)

1980

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment requiring that future amendments receive 50% of the vote to passPassed178,030 (67.55%)85,530 (32.45%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment requiring that future constitutional amendments be accompanied by voter education programsPassed187,093 (72.02%)72,682 (27.98%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment allowing the state senate to convene special sessions if necessary to fill judicial vacanciesPassed153,868 (61.11%)97,929 (38.89%)

1982

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment modifying the structure of criminal hearingsPassed191,798 (66.83%)95,216 (33.17%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment modifying the payment schedule for legislatorsPassed152,154 (54.68%)126,110 (45.32%)

1984

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment eliminating the requirement that excess revenue be refunded to taxpayersFailed138,069 (46.01%)162,042 (53.99%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment extending the time between a bill's introduction and the votePassed177,060 (60.48%)115,704 (39.52%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment modifying the payment schedule for legislatorsPassed185,231 (64.55%)101,719 (35.45%)
Amendment 4A constitutional amendment expanding opportunities for the legislature to go on recessPassed173,623 (62.18%)105,591 (37.82%)

1986

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Amendment CA constitutional amendment allowing the Supreme Court to appoint retired judges if necessaryPassed197,386 (62.31%)119,375 (37.69%)
Amendment DA constitutional amendment calling for a constitutional conventionFailed137,236 (44.10%)173,977 (55.90%)

1988

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment allowing jury trials in some civil casesPassed212,235 (67.49%)102,246 (32.51%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment eliminating the one-year residency requirement for votingPassed170,026 (52.06%)156,594 (47.94%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment making it so that candidates unopposed in the primary did not have to participate in the general electionPassed198,301 (64.63%)108,515 (35.37%)
Amendment 4A constitutional amendment requiring the state to assert its control over natural resourcesPassed251,822 (81.89%)55,689 (18.11%)
Amendment 5A constitutional amendment allowing those who turn 18 in the same year of an election to vote in that electionPassed164,407 (51.20%)156,681 (48.80%)
Amendment 6A constitutional amendment creating a seat on the Board of Education for a high school studentPassed212,174 (67.11%)103,961 (32.89%)
Amendment 7A constitutional amendment modifying the units used to ensure equal representation in the state legislaturePassed165,896 (55.66%)132,133 (44.34%)

1990

Measure nameDescription [10] Status [10] Yes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment changing the legislative recess minimum from five days to six daysFailed144,552 (48.98%)150,559 (51.02%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment increasing the years of service qualification to be a district court judge from five years to ten yearsFailed151,502 (49.32%)155,676 (50.68%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment modifying the units used to ensure equal representation in the state legislatureFailed142,688 (48.04%)154,339 (51.96%)
Amendment 4A constitutional amendment modifying the units used to ensure equal representation in the state legislaturePassed149,474 (53.71%)128,835 (46.29%)
Amendment 5A constitutional amendment modifying the units used to ensure equal representation in the state legislaturePassed151,740 (54.83%)125,015 (45.17%)

1992

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Question 1A constitutional amendment modifying the redistricting calendar [11] Passed [12] 192,432 (50.40%)127,199 (33.30%)
Question 2A constitutional amendment providing an alternative oath of office for elected officials [11] Passed [12] 228,395 (59.80%)51,451 (13.50%)
Question 3A constitutional amendment modifying the State Senate [11] Passed [12] 217,462 (56.90%)105,333 (27.60%)
Question 4A constitutional amendment modifying the reapportionment system [11] Passed [12] 210,400 (55.10%)120,029 (31.40%)

1994

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Measure 1A constitutional amendment authorizing the state to issue bonds in some circumstances [11] Passed [13] 231,859 (61.60%)102,721 (27.30%)
Measure 2A constitutional amendment authorizing the state to issue bonds in some circumstances [11] Passed [13] 198,977 (52.90%)129,233 (34.30%)
Measure 3A constitutional amendment making the Board of Education an appointed position by the Governor of Hawaii [11] Failed [13] 158,675 (42.20%)176,242 (46.80%)
Measure 4A constitutional amendment limiting the powers of the Board of Education [11] Passed [13] 238,870 (63.50%)89,466 (23.80%)
Measure 5A constitutional amendment modifying the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court's power [11] Passed [13] 250,481 (66.60%)71,160 (18.90%)
Measure 6A constitutional amendment setting the number of judicial nominees to be no less than 4 and no more than 6 [11] Passed [13] 215,471 (57.30%)96,762 (25.70%)
Measure 7A constitutional amendment setting judge's term limits at 6 years [11] Passed [13] 240,411 (63.90%)73,945 (19.60%)
Measure 8A constitutional amendment modifying the appointment process [11] Passed [13] 205,982 (54.70%)103,135 (27.40%)

1996

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment authorizing the state to issue bonds for the purpose of funding hurricane insurance [11] Passed [14] 234,436 (63.50%)92,238 (25.00%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment allowing the state to apportion funds for the purpose of constructing new public school facilities [11] Passed [14] 242,009 (65.50%)83,882 (22.70%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment making some changes to public school funding [11] Passed [14] 164,132 (44.40%)123,021 (33.30%)
Constitutional ConventionA constitutional amendment calling for a constitutional convention [11] Passed [14] [lower-alpha 1] 163,869 (50.50%)160,153 (49.50%)

1998

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Convention QuestionA constitutional amendment calling for a constitutional convention [15] Failed [16] 140,688 (34.10%)244,753 (59.30%)
Question 1A constitutional amendment modifying the tax review commission [17] Failed [16] 138,672 (33.60%)222,433 (53.90%)
Question 2 A constitutional amendment granting the legislature the authority to prohibit same-sex marriage [18] Passed [16] 285,384 (69.18%)117,827 (28.56%)

2000—

2000

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment granting the University of Hawaii self-governance [19] Passed [20] 268,166 (72.40%)76,870 (20.70%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment requiring the tax review commission meet every ten years rather than every five years [21] Failed [20] 130,055 (35.10%)208,035 (56.10%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment redefining the duties of the reapportionment commission [22] Passed [20] 260,669 (70.40%)67,568 (18.20%)

2002

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Question 1A constitutional amendment requiring candidates for the state legislature hold residency in Hawaii before filing to run for office [23] Passed [24] 42,506 (84.40%)4,604 (9.10%)
Question 2A constitutional amendment allowing the state to issue bonds for the purpose of assisting non-profit private educational institutions [25] Passed [24] 28,379 (56.30%)18,243 (36.20%)
Question 3A constitutional amendment allowing the state to initiative felony prosecutions by submitting written documentation to the court [26] Passed [24] 25,838 (51.30%)19,277 (38.30%)

2004

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment to allow the legislature to define sexual assault crimes in law [27] Passed [28] 282,852 (65.60%)103,745 (24.10%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment creating a public sex offender registry [29] Passed [28] 309,415 (71.80%)79,321 (18.40%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment allowing the legislature to define confidential communications in criminal proceedings [30] Passed [28] 229,439 (53.20%)147,257 (34.20%)
Amendment 4A constitutional amendment changing the process for the state to initiate criminal proceedings [31] Passed [28] 241,658 (56.00%)129,103 (29.90%)

2006

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment to establish a candidate advisory council to screen potential members of the University of Hawaii's board of regents [32] Passed [33] 195,909 (56.20%)152,635 (43.80%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment to establish a government salary commission [34] Passed [33] 184,101 (52.80%)164,515 (47.20%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment to remove the mandatory retirement age for judges [35] Failed [33] 121,418 (34.80%)226,805 (65.20%)
Amendment 4A constitutional amendment allowing the Hawaii State Legislature to define some terms relating to sexual assault crimes [36] Passed [33] 240,789 (69.00%)107,575 (31.00%)
Amendment 5A constitutional amendment allowing the state to issue bonds for the purpose of assisting agricultural businesses [37] Passed [33] 222,072 (63.70%)126,588 (36.30%)

2008

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Constitutional Convention QuestionA measure to hold a state constitutional convention to revise the Constitution of Hawaii [38] Failed152,453 (35.00%)281,418 (65.00%)
SB 966A constitutional amendment lowering the age requirement for Hawaii Governor and Lieutenant Governor from 30 to 25 [38] Failed75,696 (18.00%)356,682 (82.00%)

2010

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
HB 2376A constitutional amendment changing the Hawaii Board of Education from an elected board to an appointed board [39] Passed [40] 221,390 (57.40%)145,818 (37.80%)
SB 2807A constitutional amendment allowing the legislature to issue rebates if the state holds a budget surplus [39] Passed [40] 227,457 (59.00%)122,672 (31.80%)

2012

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
HB 2594A constitutional amendment allowing the state to issue bonds for the purpose of updating dam and reservoir facilities [41] Failed [42] [lower-alpha 2] 212,395 (48.70%)175,952 (40.30%)
SB 650A constitutional amendment allowing the Chief Justice of the Hawaii Supreme Court to temporarily appoint retired judges to judicial seats [43] Failed [42] [lower-alpha 3] 216,655 (49.60%)174,190 (39.90%)

2014

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment requiring the judicial selection commission publicly disclose a list of judicial nominees for all vacancies [44] Passed [45] 302,953 (81.98%)41,308 (11.18%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment allowing the legislature to issue bonds for the purpose of supporting agricultural businesses [46] Passed [45] 185,531 (50.20%)152,222 (41.19%)
Amendment 3A constitutional amendment increasing judge's mandatory retirement age from 70 to 80 [47] Failed [45] 81,406 (22.03%)268,958 (72.78%)
Amendment 4A constitutional amendment allowing the state to spend public funds on private education programs [48] Failed [45] 160,238 (43.36%)192,247 (52.02%)
Amendment 5A constitutional amendment allowing the legislature to issue bonds for the purpose of supporting dam and reservoir facilities [49] Passed [45] 234,016 (63.32%)106,377 (28.79%)

2016

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment to increase the value requirement for a jury trial in civil lawsuits from $5,000 to $10,000 [50] Failed [51] [lower-alpha 4] 201,198 (46.00%)185,586 (42.40%)
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment adding bond and pension payments as alternative dispositions of excess general fund revenues [52] Passed [51] 219,056 (50.10%)157,289 (35.90%)

2018

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Hawaii Constitutional Convention QuestionA measure to hold a state constitutional convention to revise the Constitution of Hawaii [53] Failed [54] 94,579 (25.57%)275,300 (74.43%)

2024

Measure nameDescriptionStatusYes votesNo votes
Amendment 1A constitutional amendment standardizing the judicial appointment process for district courts. [55] Election not yet held
Amendment 2A constitutional amendment removing the state legislature's power to ban same-sex marriage. [55] Election not yet held

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ While this measure passed, enough voters left the question blank that court cases were filed challenging the result. To rectify this, the legislature placed the measure on the ballot again in 1998.
  2. ↑ Required at least 218,833 votes to pass
  3. ↑ Required at least 218,833 votes to pass
  4. ↑ Required at least 218,833 votes to pass

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References

  1. ↑ Schmidt, David D. (1989). Citizen Lawmakers: The Ballot Initiative Revolution. Temple University Press. p. 231. ISBN   087722594X.
  2. ↑ Gomes, Lee B. (1978-07-21). "Proponents of Initiative Facing Uphill Battle". Honolulu Advertiser. pp. A-2. Retrieved 2022-11-02– via The Archival Collections at the University of Hawaiʻi School of Law Library.
  3. ↑ Lyman, Cathy (1978-07-19). "Convention monitors". Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved 2022-11-02– via The Archival Collections at the University of Hawaiʻi School of Law Library.
  4. ↑ Oshiro, Sandra (1978-07-01). "Coalition initiates pro-initiative drive for Isle constitution". Honolulu Advertiser. pp. B-10. Retrieved 2022-11-02– via The Archival Collections at the University of Hawaiʻi School of Law Library.
  5. ↑ Woo, Douglas (1978-08-04). "UPW Circulates petition opposing drives for initiative, referendum". Honolulu Advertiser. pp. A-12. Retrieved 2022-11-02– via The Archival Collections at the University of Hawaiʻi School of Law Library.
  6. ↑ Gomes, Lee B. (1978-08-28). "Committee Rejects Initiative Proposal". Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved 2022-11-02– via The Archival Collections at the University of Hawaiʻi School of Law Library.
  7. ↑ "Hawaii". Initiative & Referendum Institute. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  8. ↑ "States with Legislative Referendum (LR) for Statutes and Constitutional Amendments" (PDF). Initiative & Referendum Institute. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  9. 1 2 "State Constitution". Legislative Reference Bureau. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 "Referenda and Primary Election Materials Part 50: Referenda Elections for Hawaii" (PDF). Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. 2002-06-01. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Statewide Ballot Measures Database". National Conference on State Legislatures. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "General Election - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 1992-11-05. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-06-08. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "General Election - State of Hawaii Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 1994-11-10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "General Election - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 1996-11-07. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-06-08. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  15. ↑ "Hawaii Constitutional Convention Question (1998)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  16. 1 2 3 "General/Oha - State of Hawaii - Statewide November 03, 1998" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 1998-11-04. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  17. ↑ "Hawaii Appointment of Tax Review Commission, Question 1 (1998)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  18. ↑ "Hawaii Legislative Power to Reserve Marriage, Question 2 (1998)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  19. ↑ "Hawaii University of Hawaii Self-Governance, Amendment 1 (2000)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  20. 1 2 3 "General Election - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2000-11-21. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  21. ↑ "Hawaii Appointment of Tax Review Commission, Amendment 2 (2000)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  22. ↑ "Hawaii Staggered Senate Terms, Amendment 3 (2000)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  23. ↑ "Hawaii Legislative Candidate Residency Requirements, Question 1 (2002)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  24. 1 2 3 "General Election 2002 - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2002-11-06. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  25. ↑ "Hawaii Assisting Not-for-Profit Private Schools, Colleges and Universities Act, Question 2 (2002)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  26. ↑ "Hawaii Felony Prosecutions by Written Information Act, Question 3 (2002)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  27. ↑ "Hawaii Sexual Assault Crime Amendment, Question 1 (2004)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  28. 1 2 3 4 "General Election 2004 - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2004-11-22. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  29. ↑ "Hawaii Information on Sex Offenders, Question 2 (2004)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  30. ↑ "Hawaii Patient Confidentiality Amendment, Question 3 (2004)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  31. ↑ "Hawaii Criminal Charges Procedure Amendment, Question 4 (2004)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  32. ↑ "Hawaii Board of Regents Candidates Act, Amendment 1 (2006)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 "General Election 2006 - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2006-11-22. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  34. ↑ "Hawaii Salary Commission Act, Amendment 2 (2006)". Hawaii Office of Elections. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  35. ↑ "Hawaii Mandatory Judicial Retirement Act, Amendment 3 (2006)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  36. ↑ "Hawaii Sexual Assault Crimes Against Minors Act, Amendment 4 (2006)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  37. ↑ "Hawaii Agricultural Enterprise Assistance Act, Amendment 5 (2006)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  38. 1 2 "2008 Constitutional Convention and Constitutional Amendment Questions and City/County Charter Amendments and Initiatives" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2008-09-08. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-15. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  39. 1 2 Mau-Sjimizu, Patricia; Taniguchi, Carol (2010-10-31). "Notice of Proposed Constitutional Amendments to the Constitution of the State of Hawaii" (PDF). Hawaii State Legislature. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  40. 1 2 "General Election - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2010-11-16. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  41. ↑ "Hawaii Dam and Reservoir Owners Assistance Amendment (2012)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  42. 1 2 "Hawaii General 2012 - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2012-11-20. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  43. ↑ "Hawaii Appointment of Retired Judges Amendment (2012)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  44. ↑ "Hawaii Disclosure of Judicial Nominees' Names, Amendment 1 (2014)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 "General Election 2014 - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2014-11-18. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  46. ↑ "Hawaii Bonds for Agricultural Enterprises, Amendment 2 (2014)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  47. ↑ "Hawaii Mandatory Retirement Age for Justices and Judges, Amendment 3 (2014)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  48. ↑ "Hawaii State Funding for Private Early Childhood Education Programs, Amendment 4 (2014)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  49. ↑ "Hawaii Bonds for Dam and Reservoir Assistance, Amendment 5 (2014)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  50. ↑ "Hawaii Threshold of Financial Damage Required to Establish the Right to a Trial by Jury, Amendment 1 (2016)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  51. 1 2 "General Election 2016 - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  52. ↑ "Hawaii General Fund Revenues Spent On Pension Liabilities and Bond Repayments, Amendment 2 (2016)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  53. ↑ Adler, Peter; Saito, Jenna Leigh (2018-06-06). "Before Deciding On A New Constitutional Convention, Consider Those Held Before". Honolulu Civil Beat. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  54. ↑ "General Election 2018 - State of Hawaii - Statewide" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  55. 1 2 Wiens, Richard (2024-05-12). "Legislators Take The Rare Step Of Putting 2 Questions For Voters On The November Ballot". Civil Beats . Retrieved 2024-08-06.
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