National Democratic Alliance is an Indian political party coalition led by Bharatiya Janata Party. For the 1998 Indian general election, the NDA's candidates for the Lok Sabha constituencies are as follows. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
No. | Party | Alliance in states | Seats contested | Seats won | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bharatiya Janata Party | All States and UTs | 388 | 182 | ![]() |
2 | West Bengal Trinamool Congress | West Bengal | 28 | 7 | ![]() |
3 | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| 23 | 18 | ![]() |
4 | Samata Party |
| 23 | 12 | ![]() |
5 | Shiv Sena |
| 22 | 6 | ![]() |
6 | Biju Janata Dal | Orissa | 12 | 9 | ![]() |
7 | Lok Shakti |
| 11 | 3 | ![]() |
8 | Shiromani Akali Dal | Punjab | 8 | 8 | ![]() |
9 | Pattali Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 5 | 4 | ![]() |
10 | Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 5 | 3 | ![]() |
11 | Haryana Vikas Party | Haryana | 4 | 1 | ![]() |
12 | NTR Telugu Desam Party (LP) | Andhra Pradesh | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
13 | Manipur State Congress Party | Manipur | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
14 | Janata Party | Tamil Nadu | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
15 | Sikkim Democratic Front | Sikkim | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
16 | Satnam Singh Kainth (independent candidate supported by BJP) | Punjab | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
17 | Vazhappady K. Ramamurthy (independent candidate supported by BJP) | Tamil Nadu | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
18 | Maneka Gandhi (independent candidate supported by BJP) | Uttar Pradesh | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
19 | Suresh Kalmadi (independent candidate supported by BJP) | Maharashtra | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
Total NDA candidates | 539 | 259 | ![]() |
BJP (38) NTRTDP(LP) (3)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Srikakulam | None | Appayyadora Hanumantu | NTR Telugu Desam Party (LP) | Lost | ||
2 | Parvathipuram | ST | None | ||||
3 | Bobbili | None | Vasireddy Varada Ramarao | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
4 | Visakhapatnam | None | D.V.Subba Rao | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
5 | Bhadrachalam | ST | Setti Lakshmanudu | NTR Telugu Desam Party (LP) | Lost | ||
6 | Anakapalli | None | P.V. Chalapathi Rao | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
7 | Kakinada | None | U. V. Krishnam Raju | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
8 | Rajahmundry | None | Girajala Venkata Swamy Naidu | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
9 | Amalapuram | SC | Kommabathula Umamaheswara Rao | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
10 | Narasapur | None | Parakala Prabhakar | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
11 | Eluru | None | Yalamarthi Jayalakshmi | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
12 | Machilipatnam | None | Vemuri Nagarjuna | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
13 | Vijayawada | None | Vadde Ramakrishna Prasad | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
14 | Tenali | None | Yadlapati Raghunath Babu | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
15 | Guntur | None | Avula Veerasekhara Rao | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
16 | Bapatla | None | Ganesuni Rathaiah Chowdary | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
17 | Narasaraopet | None | Kabbireddy Medikonda | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
18 | Ongole | None | Kondapalli Guravaiah Naidu | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
19 | Nellore | SC | Karupothala Balakondaiah | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
20 | Tirupathi | SC | Nandipaku Venkataswamy | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
21 | Chittoor | None | N.P. Venkateswara Chowdary | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
22 | Rajampet | None | A. Harinath Reddy | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
23 | Cuddapah | None | Kadiri Nagendra Prasad | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
24 | Hindupur | None | P Anjani Devi | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
25 | Anantapur | None | Veluri Kesava Chowdari | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
26 | Kurnool | None | K. Venkataswamy | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
27 | Nandyal | None | Syed Jaffar Ali Khan | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
28 | Nagarkurnool | SC | S. Balu | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
29 | Mahabubnagar | None | A. P. Jithender Reddy | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
30 | Hyderabad | None | Baddam Bal Reddy | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
31 | Secunderabad | None | Bandaru Dattatreya | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
32 | Siddipet | SC | N.A Krishna | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
33 | Medak | None | Ale Narendra | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
34 | Nizamabad | None | Gaddam Atmacharan Reddy | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
35 | Adilabad | None | Vishnu Prakash Bajaj | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
36 | Peddapalli | SC | Kasipeta Lingaiah | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
37 | Karimnagar | None | C. Vidyasagar Rao | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
38 | Hanamkonda | None | S. Madhusudhana Chary | NTR Telugu Desam Party (LP) | Lost | ||
39 | Warangal | None | Chandupatla Janga Reddy | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
40 | Khammam | None | Dharavath Ravinder Naik | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
41 | Nalgonda | None | Nallu Indrasena Reddy | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
42 | Miryalguda | None | Juttukonda Satyanarayana | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
BJP (2)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Arunachal West | None | Tomo Riba | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
2 | Arunachal East | None | Sotai Kri | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost |
BJP (14)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Karimganj | SC | Swapan Kumar Das | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
2 | Silchar | None | Kabindra Purkayastha | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
3 | Autonomous District | ST | Pabitra Kemprai | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
4 | Dhubri | None | Pannalal Oswal | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
5 | Kokrajhar | ST | Charan Narzary | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
6 | Barpeta | None | Manjushree Pathak | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
7 | Gauhati | None | Manoranjan Goswami | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
8 | Mangaldoi | None | Munindra Singha Lahkar | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
9 | Tezpur | None | Iswar Prasanna Hazarika | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
10 | Nowgong | None | Rajen Gohain | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
11 | Kaliabor | None | Mrinal Saikia | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
12 | Jorhat | None | Krishna Kumar Handique | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
13 | Dibrugarh | None | Ajit Chaliha | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
14 | Lakhimpur | None | Uday Shankar Hazarika | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost |
BJP (2)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Panaji | None | Pandurang Raut | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
2 | Mormugao | None | Ramakant Angle | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost |
BJP (26)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ambala | SC | Suraj Bhan | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
2 | Kurukshetra | None | Jatinder Singh Kaka | Haryana Vikas Party | Lost | ||
3 | Karnal | None | Ishwar Dayal Swami | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
4 | Sonepat | None | Abhey Ram Dahiya | Haryana Vikas Party | Lost | ||
5 | Rohtak | None | Swami Indervesh | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
6 | Faridabad | None | Ram Chander Bainda | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
7 | Mahendragarh | None | Rao Ram Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
8 | Bhiwani | None | Surender Singh | Haryana Vikas Party | Won | ||
9 | Hisar | None | Om Prakash Jindal | Haryana Vikas Party | Lost | ||
10 | Sirsa | SC | Hans Raj | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
BJP (4)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Simla | SC | Virender Kashyap | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
2 | Mandi | None | Maheshwar Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
3 | Kangra | None | Shanta Kumar | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
4 | Hamirpur | None | Suresh Chandel | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
BJP (6)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Baramulla | None | Din Mohmad Chichi | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
2 | Srinagar | None | Abdul Rashid Kabuli | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
3 | Anantnag | None | Showkat Hussain Yani | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
4 | Ladakh | None | Spalzes Angmo | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
5 | Udhampur | None | Chaman Lal Gupta | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
6 | Jammu | None | Vishno Datt Sharma | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won |
BJP (20)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kasaragod | None | P. K. Krishna Das | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
2 | Cannanore | None | PC Mohanan Master | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
3 | Badagara | None | Chettoor Balakrishnan Master | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
4 | Calicut | None | P. S. Sreedharan Pillai | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
5 | Manjeri | None | Sumathy Haridas | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
6 | Ponnani | None | Ahalliya Sankar | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
7 | Palghat | None | T.C. Govindan | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
8 | Ottapalam | SC | P. M. Velayudhan | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
9 | Trichur | None | P.M. Gopinadhan | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
10 | Mukundapuram | None | P D Purushothaman Master | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
11 | Ernakulam | None | V.V. Augustine | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
12 | Muvattupuzha | None | ADV. Narayanan Namboothiri | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
13 | Kottayam | None | ADV. George Kurian | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
14 | Idukki | None | ADV. D Asoka Kumar | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
15 | Alleppey | None | T.L. Radhamma | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
16 | Mavelikara | None | Rajan Moolaveettil | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
17 | Adoor | SC | Kainakary Janardhanan | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
18 | Quilon | None | DR. Raichel Matthai | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
19 | Chirayinkil | None | T.M. Viswambharan | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
20 | Trivandrum | None | Kerala Varma Raja | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
BJP (40)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Inner Manipur | None | Thounaojam Chaoba Singh | Manipur State Congress Party | Won | ||
2 | Outer Manipur | ST | Hokkhomang Haokip | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
BJP (2)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Shillong | None | Elizabeth Laitflang | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
2 | Tura | None | Anilla D. Shira | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost |
BJP (1)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mizoram | ST | P.L. Chhuma | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost |
LS (1)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nagaland | None | Akhei Achumi | Lok Shakti | Lost |
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Gurdaspur | None | Vinod Khanna | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
2 | Amritsar | None | Daya Singh Sodhi | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
3 | Tarn Taran | None | Prem Singh Lalpur | Shiromani Akali Dal | Won | ||
4 | Jullundur | None | None | ||||
5 | Phillaur | SC | Satnam Singh Kainth | Independent | Won | ||
6 | Hoshiarpur | None | Kamal Chaudhry | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
7 | Ropar | SC | Satwinder Kaur Dhaliwal | Shiromani Akali Dal | Won | ||
8 | Patiala | None | Prem Singh Chandumajra | Shiromani Akali Dal | Won | ||
9 | Ludhiana | None | Amrik Singh Aliwal | Shiromani Akali Dal | Won | ||
10 | Sangrur | None | Surjit Singh Barnala | Shiromani Akali Dal | Won | ||
11 | Bhatinda | SC | Chatin Singh Samaon | Shiromani Akali Dal | Won | ||
12 | Faridkot | None | Sukhbir Singh Badal | Shiromani Akali Dal | Won | ||
13 | Ferozepur | None | Zora Singh Maan | Shiromani Akali Dal | Won | ||
BJP (25)
SDF (1)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sikkim | None | Bhim Prasad Dahal | Sikkim Democratic Front | Won |
AIADMK (22) PMK (5) BJP (5) MDMK (5) JP (1) IND (1)
BJP (2)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tripura West | None | Hemendu Sankar Roy Choudhury | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost | ||
2 | Tripura East | ST | Jishnu Dev Varma | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost |
BJP (1)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | None | Bishnu Pada Ray | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost |
BJP (1)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chandigarh | None | Satya Pal Jain | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won |
BJP (1)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | None | Mohanbhai Sanjibhai Delkar | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won |
BJP (1)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Daman and Diu | None | Devjibhai Tandel | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won |
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lakshadweep | ST | None |
BJP (7)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | New Delhi | None | Jagmohan | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
2 | South Delhi | None | Sushma Swaraj | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
3 | Outer Delhi | None | Krishan Lal Sharma | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
4 | East Delhi | None | Lal Bihari Tiwari | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
5 | Chandni Chowk | None | Vijay Goel | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
6 | Delhi Sadar | None | Madan Lal Khurana | Bharatiya Janata Party | Won | ||
7 | Karol Bagh | SC | Surender Pal Ratawal | Bharatiya Janata Party | Lost |
AIADMK (1)
Constituency No. | Constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Candidate | Party | Poll On | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pondicherry | None | Lucky R Perumal | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | Lost |
The National Democratic Alliance is a right-wing conservative Indian political alliance led by the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It was founded on 15 May 1998 and currently controls the government of India as well as the government of 19 Indian states and one Union territory.
The Samata Party (SAP) is a political party in India, initially formed in 1994 by George Fernandes and Nitish Kumar, is now being led by Uday Mandal as its National President. Samata Party once launched Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister of Bihar. It was an offshoot of the Janata Dal, with the alleged casteism of the parent party being the reason given for the split. The party has socialist leanings; at one point, it wielded considerable political and social influence in North India, particularly in Bihar. In 2003, most Samata Party members joined Janata Dal (United). Only a faction led by MP Brahmanand Mandal remained in the Samata party and continued to use the party name and symbols.
Janata Dal (United) ("People’s Party (United)"), abbreviated as JD(U), is an Indian political party with political presence mainly in eastern and north-eastern India. JD(U) is recognised as a state party in the states of Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur and is a part of government in Bihar. JD(U) heads the government in Bihar and has remained the second largest party in Manipur. JD(U) won 16 seats in the 2019 Indian general election, making it the seventh largest party in the Lok Sabha. JD(U) states that they believe in promoting social justice and lifting up marginalized peoples.
Events in the year 1998 in the Republic of India.
Nitish Kumar is an Indian politician who has served as the 22nd chief minister of Bihar since 22 February 2015, having previously held the office from 2005 to 2014 and for a short period in 2000. He is Bihar's longest serving chief minister whilst also holding the post for his 9th term.
General elections were held in India between 5 September and 3 October 1999, a few months after the Kargil War. Results were announced on 6 October 1999.
The 2004 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 39 seats in the state. The result was a victory for the Democratic Progressive Alliance, which included the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and its allies the Left Front which won all 39 seats in the state. DMK and its allies were also able to hold on to Pondicherry, which has 1 seat, which allowed the UPA to win all 40 seats in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. The 2 larger partners Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) (16) and Indian National Congress (INC) (10) won the majority of seats, with the junior partners Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) (5) and Marumaralarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK) (4) winning the rest. The remaining 4 seats were won by the Left Front parties. Due to the support of the Left Front for the government at the centre, all 39 seats in Tamil Nadu, supported the formation of the UPA-led government.
The twelfth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 10 May 2001. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)-led front won the elections and its general secretary, J. Jayalalithaa was sworn in as Chief Minister, even though she could not legally run as MLA in this election. She was unanimously nominated as Chief Minister by her party and was ready to serve her second term. But due to criminal and corruption charges from her first term, on 21 September 2001, a five-judge constitutional bench of the Supreme Court of India ruled in a unanimous verdict that "a person who is convicted for a criminal offense and sentenced to imprisonment for not less than two years cannot be appointed the Chief Minister of a State under Article 164 (1) read with (4) and cannot continue to function as such". Thereby, the bench decided that "in the appointment of Dr. J. Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister there has been a clear infringement of a Constitutional provision and that a writ of quo warranto must issue". In effect, her appointment as Chief Minister was declared null and invalid with retrospective effect. Therefore, technically, she was not the Chief Minister in the period between 14 May 2001 and 21 September 2001. After her resignation on 21 September 2001, she put in O. Panneerselvam, as the official 13th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, until she could clear up the charges from her first term, so she can take up the mantle of Chief Minister officially, on 2 March 2002.
The 1998 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 39 seats in the state. New elections were called when Indian National Congress (INC) left the United Front government led by I. K. Gujral, after they refused to drop the regional Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party from the government after the DMK was linked by an investigative panel to Sri Lankan separatists blamed for the killing of Rajiv Gandhi. The result was a landslide victory for the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) winning 30 seats, which helped result in Atal Bihari Vajpayee being sworn in as the 16th Prime Minister of India. J. Jayalalithaa and the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, broke off from their long alliance with Indian National Congress and formed an alliance with Bharatiya Janata Party, by joining the National Democratic Alliance. This state proved to be very important in determining the prime minister, since the 18 seats of AIADMK proved valuable for BJP to hold power. That was short-lived, since the AIADMK left the alliance in less than a year, and BJP lost the vote of confidence resulting in fresh elections being called.
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party was a political party in India led by Upendra Kushwaha. It was launched on 3 March 2013 and was based in the state of Bihar. The party came into existence as a result of a feud between Nitish Kumar and Upendra Kushwaha, after which Kushwaha left The Nitish Kumar lead Janata Dal (United) and formed his own party. It has faced multiple rebellions and desertions since 2015. After the relations between Nitish and Kushwaha normalized, Upendra Kushwaha merged RLSP into JDU on March 14th 2021, with this, the party ceased to exit.
Upendra Kumar Singh, commonly known as Upendra Kushwaha is an Indian politician, and a former Member of Bihar Legislative Council and Bihar Legislative Assembly. He has also served as Minister of State for Human Resources and Development in the Government of India. Kushwaha is a former Member of Parliament (MP) from the Karakat constituency in Rohtas district, Bihar, and a former member of the Rajya Sabha. He was the leader of Rashtriya Samata Party (RSP), his own party, which merged into Janata Dal (United) (JDU) in 2009. Later, he formed Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP), which also merged with JD(U) in 2021. On 20 February 2023, Kushwaha resigned from all positions in Janata Dal (United) and formed his own party called Rashtriya Lok Morcha due to his political problems with JD(U) and Nitish Kumar.
Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) (English: Indian People's Front), abbreviated HAM(S), is an Indian political party with a presence in Bihar. In Bihar, this party is also a natural Allies of National Democratic Alliance (NDA) similar to Janata Dal (United). It received a new election symbol, the wok, for the Bihar Assembly election in 2020.
Mahagathbandhan, also known as Grand Alliance, is a coalition of political parties in the Eastern state of Bihar in India, formed ahead of the 2015 Vidhan Sabha elections in Bihar. The alliance consists of Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), Indian National Congress (INC) and Left parties including Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation-CPIML (Liberation) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM), with Tejashwi Yadav as the chairperson.
The Luv-Kush equation is a political term used in the context of the politics of Bihar, to denote the alliance of the agricultural Kurmi and the Koeri caste, which was assumed to be approximately 15% of the state's population The alliance of these two caste groups has remained the support base of Nitish Kumar, as against the MY equation of Lalu Prasad Yadav, which constitutes Muslims and the Yadavs. Caste consciousness and the quest for political representation largely drive the politics of Bihar. The political alliance of the Koeri and the Kurmi castes, termed the "Luv-Kush equation" was formed when a massive Kurmi Chetna Rally was organised by members of the Kurmi community in 1994 against the alleged casteist politics of Lalu Yadav, who was blamed by contemporary community leaders for promoting Yadavs in politics and administration.
The 2024 Indian general election was held in Tamil Nadu on 19 April to elect 39 members of the 18th Lok Sabha. The election results were announced on 4 June 2024.