List of Northern Cordilleran volcanoes

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Minor and major volcanoes of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, including the Queen Charlotte, Denali and Tintina fault zones NCVP map.png
Minor and major volcanoes of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, including the Queen Charlotte, Denali and Tintina fault zones

The geography of northwestern British Columbia and Yukon, Canada is dominated by volcanoes of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province formed due to continental rifting of the North American Plate. It is the most active volcanic region in Canada. [1] Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions, for instance, Tseax Cone for its catastrophic eruption estimated to have occurred in the 18th century which was responsible for the death of at least 2,000  Nisga'a people from poisonous volcanic gases, [2] the Mount Edziza volcanic complex for at least 20 eruptions throughout the past 10,000 years, and The Volcano (also known as Lava Fork volcano) for the most recent eruption in Canada during 1904. [3] The majority of volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province lie in Canada while a very small portion of the volcanic province lies in the U.S. state of Alaska.

Contents

Volcanoes of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province are a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The largest and most persistent volcanoes are the Mount Edziza volcanic complex and Level Mountain in northwestern British Columbia which have had volcanic activity for millions of years. In the past 7.5 million years, the Mount Edziza volcanic complex has had five phases of volcanic activity while Level Mountain north of Edziza has had three phases of volcanic activity in the past 14.9 million years. [4] The 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) Mount Edziza volcanic complex has been made into a provincial park since 1972 to protect its volcanic landscape. The 102 Northern Cordilleran volcanoes in the list below are grouped into their political regions in north–south order.

Scope

There is no single standard definition for a volcano. It can be defined from individual vents, volcanic edifices or volcanic fields. Interior of ancient volcanoes may have been eroded, creating a new subsurface magma chamber as a separate volcano. Many contemporary volcanoes rise as young parasitic cones from flank vents or at a central crater. Some volcanoes are grouped into one volcano name, for instance, the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, although individual vents are named by local people. The status of a volcano, either active, dormant or extinct, cannot be defined precisely. An indication of a volcano is determined by either its historical records, potassium-argon dating, radiocarbon dating, or geothermal activities.

The primary source of the list below is taken from the Geological Survey of Canada website, compiled by the Earth Sciences Sector of Natural Resources Canada, in which Northern Cordilleran volcanoes in the past 66.4 million years are listed. [5] The Geological Survey of Canada use a catalogue of volcanoes grouped by volcano fields, lava fields and mountain ranges. [5] The Geological Survey of Canada list is the most complete list of volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, but work of understanding the frequency and eruption characteristics at volcanoes in Canada is a slow process. [6] This is because most of Canada's dormant and potentially active volcanoes are located in isolated jagged regions, very few scientists study Canadian volcanoes and the provision of money in the Canadian government is limited. [6] Because of these issues, scientists that study Canada's volcanoes have a basic understanding of Canada's volcanic heritage and how it might impact people in the future. [6] Therefore, instead of using the dates of recorded eruptions, the Geological Survey of Canada mostly uses geological epochs for estimating when a volcano last erupted. Geological epoches include the Cenozoic (66.4 million years ago to present) [7] and its subdivisions Miocene (23.7 to 5.3 million years ago), [8] Pliocene (5.3 to 1.6 million years ago), [9] Quaternary (1.6 million years ago to present), [10] Pleistocene (1.6 to 0.01 million years ago) [11] and Holocene (0.01 million years ago to present). [12]

Political groups

Alaska

The northernmost portion of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province extends just across the Alaska-Yukon border into the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area of eastcentral Alaska. Here, a single cinder cone, dated at 177,000 years old occurs within the metamorphic and granitic composed upland of the Yukon–Tanana Terrane. [4] [13] Prindle Volcano is approximately 31 km (19 mi) west of the Alaska-Yukon border. [4]

Volcanoes
NameTypeLast eruptionLocation
Prindle Volcano Cinder cone Pleistocene 63°43′N141°37′W / 63.72°N 141.62°W / 63.72; -141.62

Yukon

Alligator Lake (right-middle) and the Alligator Lake volcanic field Alligator Lake.jpg
Alligator Lake (right-middle) and the Alligator Lake volcanic field

The central portion of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province extends through Yukon where very few Northern Cordilleran volcanoes exist. Near the junction of the Yukon and Pelly rivers in central Yukon lies the Fort Selkirk Volcanic Field. [14] It is the northernmost Holocene age volcanic field in Canada, consisting of a sequence of valley-filling basalt and basanite lava flows. [14] Further south near the capital city of Whitehorse, a group of volcanoes and lava flows were constructed near Alligator Lake possibly in the past 10,000 years. [15]

Volcanoes
NameTypeLast eruptionLocation
Volcano Mountain Cinder cone Holocene 62°56′N137°22′W / 62.93°N 137.37°W / 62.93; -137.37
Fort Selkirk Vent Cinder cone Pleistocene 62°46′N137°25′W / 62.77°N 137.42°W / 62.77; -137.42
Ne Ch'e Ddhawa Cinder cone Pleistocene 62°28′N137°14′W / 62.47°N 137.24°W / 62.47; -137.24
Ibex Mountain Cinder cone Pleistocene 60°32′N135°31′W / 60.53°N 135.52°W / 60.53; -135.52
Watson Lake Cone Cinder cone Pleistocene 60°00′N129°00′W / 60.00°N 129.00°W / 60.00; -129.00
Erupted products
NameTypeAgeLocation
Clinton Creek Lava flow Pliocene 64°24′N140°38′W / 64.40°N 140.63°W / 64.40; -140.63
Forty Mile Unknown Miocene 64°23′N140°30′W / 64.38°N 140.5°W / 64.38; -140.5
Moose Creek Unknown Cenozoic 64°10′N140°55′W / 64.16°N 140.91°W / 64.16; -140.91
Sixty MileUnknown Miocene 64°03′N140°44′W / 64.05°N 140.74°W / 64.05; -140.74
Rosebud Creek Lava flow Pliocene 63°15′N138°14′W / 63.25°N 138.24°W / 63.25; -138.24
Yukon River Lava flow Pleistocene 62°50′N137°42′W / 62.83°N 137.7°W / 62.83; -137.7
Holbrook Creek Lava flow Pleistocene 62°48′N137°59′W / 62.80°N 137.98°W / 62.80; -137.98
Mushroom Lava flow Pliocene 62°48′N137°27′W / 62.80°N 137.45°W / 62.80; -137.45
Pelly Formation Lava flow Pleistocene 62°48′N137°30′W / 62.80°N 137.5°W / 62.80; -137.5
Wolverine Formation Lava flow Pleistocene 62°42′N137°24′W / 62.70°N 137.4°W / 62.70; -137.4
Minto Lava flow Holocene 62°36′N137°12′W / 62.60°N 137.2°W / 62.60; -137.2
Miles Canyon Basalts Lava flow Miocene 60°24′N135°00′W / 60.40°N 135.00°W / 60.40; -135.00

British Columbia

Over half of the Northern Cordilleran volcanoes are located in northwestern British Columbia. This portion is where the most recent eruptions in Canada and of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province have occurred, including the catastrophic 18th century eruption of Tseax Cone and the 1904 eruption of The Volcano. [3] [16]

The Northern Cordilleran volcanoes of British Columbia comprises shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, subglacial volcanoes, lava domes and a large number of small cinder cones and associated lava plains. [4] The Northern Cordilleran volcanoes of northwestern British Columbia are disposed along short, northerly trending segments which are unmistakably involved with north-trending rift structures including synvolcanic grabens and grabens with one major fault line along only one of the boundaries (half-grabens) similar to those associated with the East African Rift, which extends from the Afar Triple Junction southward across eastern Africa. [4]

Volcanoes
NameTypeLast eruptionLocation
Volcanic Creek Cone Cinder cone Holocene 59°45′N133°27′W / 59.75°N 133.45°W / 59.75; -133.45
Cracker Creek Cone Cinder cone Quaternary 59°42′N133°17′W / 59.70°N 133.29°W / 59.70; -133.29
Ruby Mountain Cinder cone Historic 59°41′N123°20′W / 59.68°N 123.33°W / 59.68; -123.33
Iverson Creek Volcano Outcrop Pleistocene 59°30′N130°17′W / 59.50°N 130.28°W / 59.50; -130.28
Toozaza Peak Tuya Pleistocene 59°30′N130°18′W / 59.50°N 130.3°W / 59.50; -130.3
Klinkit Lake Peak Tuya Pleistocene 59°29′N131°00′W / 59.49°N 131.00°W / 59.49; -131.00
Klinkit Creek Peak Tuya Pleistocene 59°28′N131°17′W / 59.47°N 131.28°W / 59.47; -131.28
Gabrielse Cone Cinder cone Holocene 59°26′N130°28′W / 59.44°N 130.46°W / 59.44; -130.46
Mount Sanford Outcrop Cenozoic 59°25′N132°45′W / 59.42°N 132.75°W / 59.42; -132.75
Cottonwood Peak Outcrop Pleistocene 59°24′N130°15′W / 59.40°N 130.25°W / 59.40; -130.25
Ash Mountain Subglacial mound Pleistocene 59°16′N130°30′W / 59.27°N 130.5°W / 59.27; -130.5
Chakatah Creek Peak Subglacial mound Pleistocene 59°15′N131°02′W / 59.25°N 131.03°W / 59.25; -131.03
Caribou Tuya Subglacial mound Pleistocene 59°14′N130°34′W / 59.24°N 130.56°W / 59.24; -130.56
South Tuya Subglacial mound Pleistocene 59°13′N130°30′W / 59.21°N 130.5°W / 59.21; -130.5
Mathews Tuya Subglacial mound Pleistocene 59°12′N130°26′W / 59.20°N 130.43°W / 59.20; -130.43
Tuya Butte Tuya Pleistocene 59°08′N130°33′W / 59.13°N 130.55°W / 59.13; -130.55
Isspah Butte Tuya Pleistocene 59°04′N131°19′W / 59.07°N 131.32°W / 59.07; -131.32
Mount Josephine Subglacial mound Pleistocene 59°36′N130°42′W / 59.6°N 130.7°W / 59.6; -130.7
Chikoida Mountain Outcrop Cenozoic 59°12′N133°24′W / 59.2°N 133.4°W / 59.2; -133.4
Meehaz Mountain Subglacial mound Pleistocene 59°00′N131°26′W / 59.00°N 131.44°W / 59.00; -131.44
Kawdy Mountain Subglacial mound Pleistocene 58°53′N131°14′W / 58.88°N 131.23°W / 58.88; -131.23
Nuthinaw Mountain Subglacial mound Pleistocene 58°47′N131°04′W / 58.79°N 131.06°W / 58.79; -131.06
Tutsingale Mountain Subglacial mound Pleistocene 58°47′N130°52′W / 58.78°N 130.87°W / 58.78; -130.87
Dark Mountain Subglacial mound Pleistocene 58°38′N129°21′W / 58.64°N 129.35°W / 58.64; -129.35
Heart Peaks Shield volcano Pleistocene 58°36′N131°58′W / 58.60°N 131.97°W / 58.60; -131.97
Swinton Creek Volcano Outcrop Pleistocene 58°34′N129°50′W / 58.57°N 129.84°W / 58.57; -129.84
Little Eagle Cone Subglacial mound Pleistocene 58°31′N129°43′W / 58.52°N 129.71°W / 58.52; -129.71
Meszah Peak Outcrop Pleistocene 58°29′N131°26′W / 58.48°N 131.43°W / 58.48; -131.43
Dome Mountain Subglacial mound Pleistocene 58°27′N129°35′W / 58.45°N 129.59°W / 58.45; -129.59
Level Mountain Shield volcano Pleistocene 58°25′N131°21′W / 58.42°N 131.35°W / 58.42; -131.35
Enid Creek Cone Subglacial mound Pleistocene 58°23′N129°31′W / 58.38°N 129.52°W / 58.38; -129.52
Kana Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°54′N130°37′W / 57.90°N 130.62°W / 57.90; -130.62
Sidas Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°52′N130°38′W / 57.87°N 130.63°W / 57.87; -130.63
Castle Rock Volcanic plug Pleistocene 57°50′N131°09′W / 57.84°N 131.15°W / 57.84; -131.15
Eve Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°49′N130°40′W / 57.82°N 130.67°W / 57.82; -130.67
Triplex Cones Cinder cones Holocene 57°48′N130°37′W / 57.80°N 130.62°W / 57.80; -130.62
Twin Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°48′N130°32′W / 57.80°N 130.53°W / 57.80; -130.53
Sleet Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°47′N130°33′W / 57.78°N 130.55°W / 57.78; -130.55
Williams Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°47′N130°36′W / 57.78°N 130.6°W / 57.78; -130.6
Klastline Cone Cinder cone Pleistocene 57°47′N130°30′W / 57.78°N 130.5°W / 57.78; -130.5
Tsekone Ridge Subglacial mound Pleistocene 57°46′N130°41′W / 57.77°N 130.69°W / 57.77; -130.69
Storm Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°46′N130°38′W / 57.77°N 130.63°W / 57.77; -130.63
Moraine Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°46′N130°37′W / 57.77°N 130.62°W / 57.77; -130.62
Glacier Dome Lava dome Pleistocene 57°46′N130°35′W / 57.77°N 130.58°W / 57.77; -130.58
The Pyramid Lava dome Pleistocene 57°46′N130°34′W / 57.77°N 130.57°W / 57.77; -130.57
Pillow Ridge Subglacial mound Pleistocene 57°46′N130°38′W / 57.76°N 130.64°W / 57.76; -130.64
Sphinx Dome Lava dome Pleistocene 57°45′N130°35′W / 57.75°N 130.58°W / 57.75; -130.58
Cinder Cliff Cinder cone Holocene 57°45′N130°34′W / 57.75°N 130.57°W / 57.75; -130.57
Triangle Dome Lava dome Pleistocene 57°43′N130°39′W / 57.72°N 130.65°W / 57.72; -130.65
Mount Edziza Stratovolcano Pleistocene 57°43′N130°38′W / 57.72°N 130.63°W / 57.72; -130.63
Nanook Dome Lava dome Pleistocene 57°43′N130°36′W / 57.72°N 130.6°W / 57.72; -130.6
Ice Peak Stratovolcano Holocene 57°42′N130°38′W / 57.70°N 130.63°W / 57.70; -130.63
Icefall Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°42′N130°36′W / 57.70°N 130.6°W / 57.70; -130.6
Tennena Cone Subglacial mound Holocene 57°41′N130°40′W / 57.68°N 130.67°W / 57.68; -130.67
Ridge Cone Cinder cone Pleistocene 57°41′N130°37′W / 57.68°N 130.62°W / 57.68; -130.62
The Neck Volcanic plug Pleistocene 57°40′N130°35′W / 57.66°N 130.59°W / 57.66; -130.59
Cocoa Crater Cinder cone Holocene 57°39′N130°42′W / 57.65°N 130.7°W / 57.65; -130.7
Pharaoh Dome Lava dome Pleistocene 57°39′N130°36′W / 57.65°N 130.6°W / 57.65; -130.6
Coffee Crater Cinder cone Holocene 57°38′N130°40′W / 57.63°N 130.67°W / 57.63; -130.67
The Saucer Cinder cone Holocene 57°38′N130°38′W / 57.63°N 130.63°W / 57.63; -130.63
Keda Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°36′N130°41′W / 57.60°N 130.68°W / 57.60; -130.68
Sezill Volcano Lava dome Miocene 57°35′N130°37′W / 57.59°N 130.62°W / 57.59; -130.62
Camp Hill Cinder cone Holocene 57°35′N130°47′W / 57.58°N 130.78°W / 57.58; -130.78
Walkout Creek Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°35′N130°45′W / 57.58°N 130.75°W / 57.58; -130.75
IGC Centre Lava dome Miocene 57°34′N130°37′W / 57.56°N 130.62°W / 57.56; -130.62
Cartoona Ridge Lava dome Miocene 57°34′N130°34′W / 57.56°N 130.57°W / 57.56; -130.57
Tadeda Centre Lava dome Miocene 57°32′N130°37′W / 57.54°N 130.61°W / 57.54; -130.61
Cache Hill Cinder cone Holocene 57°32′N130°40′W / 57.53°N 130.67°W / 57.53; -130.67
Armadillo Peak Stratovolcano Miocene 57°32′N130°33′W / 57.53°N 130.55°W / 57.53; -130.55
Mess Lake Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°28′N130°45′W / 57.47°N 130.75°W / 57.47; -130.75
Little Iskut Outcrop Pliocene 57°28′N130°33′W / 57.47°N 130.55°W / 57.47; -130.55
The Ash Pit Volcanic crater Holocene 57°27′N130°47′W / 57.45°N 130.78°W / 57.45; -130.78
Spectrum Range Shield volcano Holocene 57°26′N130°41′W / 57.43°N 130.68°W / 57.43; -130.68
Outcast Hill Cinder cone Pleistocene 57°24′N130°46′W / 57.40°N 130.77°W / 57.40; -130.77
Maitland Volcano Shield volcano Pliocene 57°24′N129°42′W / 57.40°N 129.7°W / 57.40; -129.7
Exile Hill Cinder cone Pliocene 57°23′N130°49′W / 57.38°N 130.82°W / 57.38; -130.82
Spectrum Dome Lava dome Pliocene 57°23′N130°41′W / 57.38°N 130.68°W / 57.38; -130.68
Yeda Peak Lava dome Pliocene 57°23′N130°41′W / 57.38°N 130.68°W / 57.38; -130.68
Tadekho Hill Subglacial mound Pleistocene 57°21′N130°47′W / 57.35°N 130.78°W / 57.35; -130.78
Nahta Cone Cinder cone Holocene 57°19′N130°49′W / 57.32°N 130.82°W / 57.32; -130.82
Wetalth Ridge Subglacial mound Pleistocene 57°19′N130°47′W / 57.32°N 130.78°W / 57.32; -130.78
Source Hill Cinder cone Pleistocene 57°17′N130°49′W / 57.28°N 130.82°W / 57.28; -130.82
Thaw Hill Cinder cone Pleistocene 57°17′N130°49′W / 57.28°N 130.82°W / 57.28; -130.82
Little Bear Mountain Tuya Pleistocene 56°48′N131°18′W / 56.80°N 131.3°W / 56.80; -131.3
Hoodoo Mountain Stratovolcano Holocene 56°47′N131°17′W / 56.78°N 131.28°W / 56.78; -131.28
Tom MacKay Creek Cone Subglacial mound Pleistocene 56°43′N130°34′W / 56.71°N 130.56°W / 56.71; -130.56
Iskut Canyon Cone Cinder cone Holocene 56°43′N130°36′W / 56.71°N 130.6°W / 56.71; -130.6
Snippaker Creek Cone Cinder cone Holocene 56°38′N130°52′W / 56.63°N 130.87°W / 56.63; -130.87
Cinder Mountain Subglacial mound Pleistocene 56°34′N130°37′W / 56.57°N 130.61°W / 56.57; -130.61
Cone Glacier Volcano Cinder cone Holocene 56°34′N130°40′W / 56.56°N 130.66°W / 56.56; -130.66
King Creek Cone Subglacial mound Pleistocene 56°29′N130°40′W / 56.49°N 130.66°W / 56.49; -130.66
The Volcano Cinder cone Historic 56°25′N130°51′W / 56.42°N 130.85°W / 56.42; -130.85
Second Canyon Cone Cinder cone Holocene 56°25′N130°43′W / 56.41°N 130.72°W / 56.41; -130.72
The Thumb Volcanic plug Pleistocene 56°10′N126°42′W / 56.16°N 126.7°W / 56.16; -126.7
Tseax Cone Cinder cone Historic 55°07′N128°54′W / 55.12°N 128.9°W / 55.12; -128.9
Crow Lagoon Cinder cone Pleistocene 54°42′N130°14′W / 54.7°N 130.23°W / 54.7; -130.23
Erupted products
NameTypeAgeLocation
Anderson Bay Lava flow Miocene 59°18′N133°45′W / 59.3°N 133.75°W / 59.3; -133.75
Desolation Lava Field Lava field Holocene 57°49′N130°37′W / 57.82°N 130.62°W / 57.82; -130.62
Snowshoe Lava Field Lava field Holocene 57°39′N130°40′W / 57.65°N 130.67°W / 57.65; -130.67
Sheep Track Pumice Pumice deposit Holocene 57°38′N130°40′W / 57.64°N 130.67°W / 57.64; -130.67
Mess Lake Lava Field Lava field Holocene 57°28′N130°45′W / 57.47°N 130.75°W / 57.47; -130.75
Northwestern flank of Mount Edziza Mount Edziza northwest.jpg
Northwestern flank of Mount Edziza
Satellite image of Level Mountain (middle) and Heart Peaks (upper-left corner) Heart Peaks and Level Mountain.jpg
Satellite image of Level Mountain (middle) and Heart Peaks (upper-left corner)
Eve Cone lying in the Desolation Lava Field Eve Cone.jpg
Eve Cone lying in the Desolation Lava Field
Level Mountain with extensive elevated plateau in the foreground Level Mountain valley.jpg
Level Mountain with extensive elevated plateau in the foreground
Hoodoo Glacier and lava flows on the flanks of Hoodoo Mountain North side hoodoo mountain.jpg
Hoodoo Glacier and lava flows on the flanks of Hoodoo Mountain
Nass valley lava beds formed by eruptions of the Tseax Cone Nass Valley Lava Beds.jpg
Nass valley lava beds formed by eruptions of the Tseax Cone
Recently extruded basaltic lava at the Blue River Lava flow at the Lava Lakes, British Columbia, Canada.jpg
Recently extruded basaltic lava at the Blue River

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geology of the Pacific Northwest</span>

The geology of the Pacific Northwest includes the composition, structure, physical properties and the processes that shape the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The region is part of the Ring of Fire: the subduction of the Pacific and Farallon Plates under the North American Plate is responsible for many of the area's scenic features as well as some of its hazards, such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and landslides.

Prindle Volcano is an isolated basaltic cinder cone located in eastern Alaska, United States, in the headwaters of the East Fork of the Fortymile River, approximately 80 kilometers northeast of Tok, Alaska. The cone is fresh-looking and has a base approximately 900 metres wide. It is the northwesternmost expression of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province. The cinder cone, and an approximately 11-kilometre (6.8-mile) long lava flow which breached the margin of the cone, erupted in the Pleistocene approximately 176,000 years ago. The lava flow extends to the southeast, then turns southwest and continues in a river valley.

Maitland Volcano is a heavily eroded shield volcano in the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It is 83 km (52 mi) southeast of the small community of Telegraph Creek in what is now the Klappan Range of the northern Skeena Mountains. This multi-vent volcano covered a remarkably large area and was topped by a younger volcanic edifice. Little remains of Maitland Volcano today, limited only to eroded lava flows and distinctive upstanding landforms created when magma hardened within the vents of the volcano.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silverthrone Caldera</span> Caldera in British Columbia, Canada

The Silverthrone Caldera is a potentially active caldera complex in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, located over 350 kilometres (220 mi) northwest of the city of Vancouver and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Mount Waddington in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains. The caldera is one of the largest of the few calderas in western Canada, measuring about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long (north-south) and 20 kilometres (12 mi) wide (east-west). Mount Silverthrone, an eroded lava dome on the caldera's northern flank that is 2,864 metres (9,396 ft) high, may be the highest volcano in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tennena Cone</span> Volcanic cone in British Columbia, Canada

Tennena Cone, alternatively Icebridge Cone, is a small volcanic cone in Cassiar Land District of northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It has an elevation of 2,390 metres and lies on the western flank of Ice Peak, the prominent south peak of Mount Edziza. The cone is almost completely surrounded by glacial ice of Mount Edziza's ice cap which covers an area of around 70 square kilometres. Tennena Cone is 200 metres high, 1,200 metres long and up to 600 metres wide, its symmetrical structure resembling a black pyramid. The cone and the surrounding area are in Mount Edziza Provincial Park which also includes the Spectrum Range to the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Edziza volcanic complex</span> Volcanic complex in British Columbia, Canada

The Mount Edziza volcanic complex is a group of volcanoes and associated lava flows in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Located on the Tahltan Highland, it is 40 kilometres southeast of Telegraph Creek and 85 kilometres southwest of Dease Lake. The complex encompasses a broad, steep-sided lava plateau that extends over 1,000 square kilometres. Its highest summit is 2,786 metres in elevation, making the MEVC the highest of four large complexes in an extensive north–south trending volcanic region. It is obscured by an ice cap characterized by several outlet glaciers that stretch out to lower altitudes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volcanism of Northern Canada</span> History of volcanic activity in Northern Canada

Volcanism in Northern Canada has produced hundreds of volcanic areas and extensive lava formations across Northern Canada. The region's different volcano and lava types originate from different tectonic settings and types of volcanic eruptions, ranging from passive lava eruptions to violent explosive eruptions. Northern Canada has a record of very large volumes of magmatic rock called large igneous provinces. They are represented by deep-level plumbing systems consisting of giant dike swarms, sill provinces and layered intrusions.

Fort Selkirk Vent is a geological name for a cinder cone in central Yukon, Canada, located just east of Fort Selkirk along the Yukon River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Volcano (British Columbia)</span> Mountain in British Columbia, Canada

The Volcano, also known as Lava Fork volcano, is a small cinder cone in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located approximately 60 km (40 mi) northwest of the small community of Stewart near the head of Lava Fork. With a summit elevation of 1,656 m (5,433 ft) and a topographic prominence of 311 m (1,020 ft), it rises above the surrounding rugged landscape on a remote mountain ridge that represents the northern flank of a glaciated U-shaped valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volcanic history of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province</span>

The volcanic history of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province presents a record of volcanic activity in northwestern British Columbia, central Yukon and the U.S. state of easternmost Alaska. The volcanic activity lies in the northern part of the Western Cordillera of the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Extensional cracking of the North American Plate in this part of North America has existed for millions of years. Continuation of this continental rifting has fed scores of volcanoes throughout the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province over at least the past 20 million years and occasionally continued into geologically recent times.

Jack Gordon Souther was an American-born Canadian geologist, volcanologist, professor and engineer. He contributed significantly to the early understanding of recent volcanic activity in the Canadian Cordillera. Many of his publications continue to be regarded as classics in their field, even now several decades after they were written.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian Cascade Arc</span> Canadian segment of the North American Cascade Volcanic Arc

The Canadian Cascade Arc, also called the Canadian Cascades, is the Canadian segment of the North American Cascade Volcanic Arc. Located entirely within the Canadian province of British Columbia, it extends from the Cascade Mountains in the south to the Coast Mountains in the north. Specifically, the southern end of the Canadian Cascades begin at the Canada–United States border. However, the specific boundaries of the northern end are not precisely known and the geology in this part of the volcanic arc is poorly understood. It is widely accepted by geologists that the Canadian Cascade Arc extends through the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains. However, others have expressed concern that the volcanic arc possibly extends further north into the Kitimat Ranges, another subdivision of the Coast Mountains, and even as far north as Haida Gwaii.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex</span> Volcanic activity of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, Canada

The Mount Edziza volcanic complex (MEVC) in British Columbia, Canada, has a long history of volcanism that spans more than 7 million years. It occurred during five cycles of magmatic activity, each producing less volcanic material than the previous one. Volcanism during these cycles has created several types of volcanoes, including cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, subglacial volcanoes, shield volcanoes and lava domes. The approximately 1,000-square-kilometre (400-square-mile) volcanic plateau forming the base of the MEVC owes its origin to successive eruptions of highly mobile lava flows. Volcanic rocks such as basalt, trachybasalt, benmoreite, tristanite, mugearite, trachyte and rhyolite were deposited by multiple eruptions of the MEVC; the latter seven rock types are products of varying degrees of magmatic differentiation in underground magma reservoirs. At least 10 distinct flows of obsidian were produced by volcanism of the MEVC, some of which were exploited by indigenous peoples in prehistoric times to make tools and weaponry. Renewed volcanism could produce explosive eruptions and block local streams with lava flows.

References

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