List of Presidents of the Republic of the Congo

President of the; Republic of the Congo
	Coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo
	Incumbent; Denis Sassou Nguesso ; since 25 October 1997
Residence	Presidential Palace, Brazzaville
Term length	5 years
Inaugural holder	Fulbert Youlou
Formation	15 August 1960

Last updated June 29, 2019

This is a list of Presidents of the Republic of the Congo since the formation of the post of President in 1960, to the present day.

The president is a common title for the head of state in most republics. In politics, president is a title given to leaders of republican states.

The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic, West Congo, ROC or simply the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to its west; Cameroon to its northwest and the Central African Republic to its northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southeast and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to its south; and the Atlantic Ocean to its southwest.

Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of the Republic of the Congo since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party régime of the Congolese Party of Labour (PCT) for 12 years. Under pressure from international sources, he introduced multiparty politics in 1990 and was then stripped of executive powers by the 1991 National Conference, remaining in office as a ceremonial head of state. He stood as a candidate in the 1992 presidential election but was defeated, placing third.

Key

Political parties

Democratic Union for the Defence of African Interests (UDDIA)
National Movement of the Revolution (MNR)
Congolese Party of Labour (PCT)
Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS)

The National Movement of the Revolution was a political party in the Republic of the Congo. MNR was founded at a congress held June 29 to July 6, 1964. MNR was instituted as the sole legal political party in the country on July 20, 1964, according to the Law No. 25-65. Pre-existing political parties were ordered to fuse into the MNR. MNR adopted scientific socialism as its ideological foundation. Ambroise Noumazalaye was the First Secretary of the party.

The Congolese Party of Labour, founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, is the ruling political party of the Republic of the Congo. It was originally a Marxist-Leninist pro-Soviet vanguard party, which founded the People's Republic of the Congo, but moved towards a moderate left-wing stance in the early 1990s. Denis Sassou Nguesso is President of the PCT Central Committee, and Pierre Ngolo is the PCT's Secretary-General.

The Pan-African Union for Social Democracy is a political party in the Republic of the Congo headed by Pascal Lissouba, who was President from 1992 to 1997. It has been the country's main opposition party since Lissouba's ouster in 1997. Pascal Tsaty-Mabiala has been Secretary-General of UPADS since 2006.

Other factions

Military

Status

Denotes Acting/Interim Head of State

List

No.	President (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Tenure			Elected	Political affiliation		Prime Minister(s)
No.	President (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Elected	Political affiliation		Prime Minister(s)
Republic of the Congo
1	Fulbert Youlou (1917–1972)		15 August 1960	15 August 1963 (deposed.)	3 years, 0 days	1961		UDDIA	Position not established
2	Alphonse Massamba-Débat (1921–1977)^{[lower-alpha 1]}		16 August 1963	4 September 1968 (deposed.)	5 years, 19 days	1963		MNR	Himself Lissouba Noumazalaye Raoul
–	Alfred Raoul (1930–1999)		5 September 1968	1 January 1969	118 days	–		Military	Himself
3	Marien Ngouabi (1938–1977)		1 January 1969	3 January 1970	1 year, 2 days	–		Military / PCT	Position abolished
People's Republic of the Congo
(3)	Marien Ngouabi (1938–1977)		3 January 1970	18 March 1977 (assassinated.)	7 years, 74 days	1974^[1]		Military / PCT	Lopes Goma
–	Military Committee of the PCT Chairman: Joachim Yhombi-Opango		18 March 1977	3 April 1977	16 days	–		Military / PCT	Goma
4	Joachim Yhombi-Opango (1939–)		3 April 1977	5 February 1979 (resigned.)	1 year, 308 days	–		Military / PCT	Goma
–	Presidium of the Central Committee of the PCT Chairman: Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya		5 February 1979	8 February 1979	3 days	–		PCT	Goma
5	Denis Sassou Nguesso (1943–)		8 February 1979	15 March 1992	13 years, 36 days	1979^[1]^[2] 1984^[1]^[3] 1989^[1]^[4]		Military / PCT	Goma Poungui Poaty-Souchlaty Moussa Goma Milongo
Republic of the Congo
(5)	Denis Sassou Nguesso (1943–)		15 March 1992	31 August 1992	169 days	–		Military / PCT	Milongo
6	Pascal Lissouba (1931–)		31 August 1992	25 October 1997 (deposed.)	5 years, 55 days	1992		UPADS	Milongo Bongho-Nouarra Dacosta Yhombi-Opango Ganao Kolélas
(5)	Denis Sassou Nguesso (1943–)		25 October 1997	Incumbent	21 years, 246 days	2002 2009 2016		PCT	Mvouba Mouamba

Notes

↑ Styled as Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution until 19 December 1963.

Latest election

Candidate	Party	Votes	%
Denis Sassou Nguesso	Congolese Party of Labour	838,922	60.19
Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas	Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development	209,632	15.04
Jean-Marie Michel Mokoko	Independent	191,562	13.74
Pascal Tsaty Mabiala	Pan-African Union for Social Democracy	65,025	4.67
André Okombi Salissa	Initiative for Democracy in Congo	57,373	4.12
Claudine Munari		21,530	1.54
Joseph Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou		3,540	0.25
Michel Mboussi Ngouari		3,301	0.24
Anguios Nganguia Engabé		2,905	0.21
Invalid/blank votes		96,171	–
Total		1,489,961	100
Registered voters/turnout		2,161,839	68.92
Source: Constitutional Court

Related Research Articles

The history of the Republic of the Congo has been marked by diverse civilisations: indigenous, French and post-independence.

Marien Ngouabi Republic of the Congo politician

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Pascal Lissouba is the first democratically elected President of the Republic of the Congo and served from August 31, 1992 to October 15, 1997. He was overthrown by the current President Denis Sassou Nguesso in the 1997 civil war.

Jacques Joachim Yhombi Opango is a Congolese politician. He was an army officer who became Congo-Brazzaville's first general and served as Head of State of the People's Republic of the Congo from 1977 to 1979. He is currently the President of the Rally for Democracy and Development (RDD), a political party, and served as Prime Minister from 1993 to 1996. He was in exile from 1997 to 2007.

Isidore Mvouba is a Congolese politician who was Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville from 2005 to 2009. He is a member of the Congolese Labour Party and held key positions under President Denis Sassou Nguesso beginning in 1997.

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André Milongo Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo

André Ntsatouabantou Milongo was a Congolese politician who served as Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo from June 1991 to August 1992. He was chosen by the 1991 National Conference to lead the country during its transition to multiparty elections, which were held in 1992. He was also the founder and President of the Union for Democracy and the Republic (UDR-Mwinda), a political party. From 1993 to 1997, he was President of the National Assembly, and he was again a deputy in the National Assembly from 2002 to 2007.

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Ambroise Édouard Noumazalaye was a Congolese politician who was Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville from 1966 to 1968, under President Alphonse Massamba-Débat. Later in life he served as Secretary-General of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT) and was a supporter of President Denis Sassou Nguesso. He served as President of the Senate from 2002 to 2007.

Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty is a Congolese politician who was Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville from 7 August 1989 to 3 December 1990 under President Denis Sassou Nguesso.

Louis Sylvain Goma is a Congolese politician who was Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville from 18 December 1975 to 7 August 1984, serving under three successive Heads of State: Marien Ngouabi, Jacques Yhombi-Opango, and Denis Sassou Nguesso. Later, he was Secretary-General of the Economic Community of Central African States from 1999 to 2012, and he has been Congo-Brazzaville's Ambassador to Argentina since 2019.

Pierre Nzé is a Congolese politician and diplomat. During the single-party rule of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT), he held leading positions in the government and party. Later, he was Minister of State for Justice from 1997 to 1999, and he served in the Senate of the Republic of the Congo from 2002 to 2011.

Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya was a Congolese politician. He was briefly acting head of state of Congo-Brazzaville in February 1979 and was President of the National Assembly from 2002 to 2007. He also led a political party, the Rally for Democracy and Social Progress (RDPS), from 1990 to 2008.

Pierre Moussa is a Congolese politician who has been President of the Commission of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa since 2012. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Planning from 1979 to 1991; later, he was Minister of Spatial Planning from 1997 to 2002, Minister of Planning from 2002 to 2009, and Minister of State for the Economy and Planning from 2009 to 2012.

Florent Ntsiba is a Congolese politician. A high-ranking and long-time figure under President Denis Sassou Nguesso, Ntsiba initially rose to prominence through the military in the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT) in the 1970s. He was Minister of Information from 1979 to 1983; although he fell out of favor with the party leadership in 1983, he returned to the government as Minister of Equipment from 1989 to 1991.

Claude-Ernest Ndalla is a Congolese politician. First coming to prominence as a radical youth leader in 1960s Congo-Brazzaville, he was one of the leading members of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT) in the period immediately following its founding in 1969, but after a few years his career fell into a long decline due to factional struggles within the PCT. Later, he served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Youth Redeployment and Sports from 1997 to 1999, and he has been a Special Adviser to President Denis Sassou Nguesso since 2003.

André Mouélé is a Congolese politician. During the single-party rule of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT), he served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Culture, Arts, and Sports and as Minister of Labour and Justice in the 1970s. After the introduction of multiparty politics, he briefly served as President of the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville from September 1992 to November 1992.

References

1 2 3 4 Elections in Congo-Brazzaville African Elections Database
↑ May 1979 – Appointment of President Sassou-Ngouesso confirmed – President elected Prime Minister – Ex-President to be tried for Treason. Keesing's Record of World Events. 25. Congo. May 1979. pp. 29, 628.
↑ "Nov 1984 – Re-election of President – Government changes", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 30, November 1984, Congo, page 33,201.
↑ "Aug 1989 – Congo", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 35, August 1989, Congo, page 36,842.

External links

World Statesmen (Congo-Brazzaville)

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[1] Styled as Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution until 19 December 1963.

[AED-2] 1 2 3 4 Elections in Congo-Brazzaville African Elections Database

[3] May 1979 – Appointment of President Sassou-Ngouesso confirmed – President elected Prime Minister – Ex-President to be tried for Treason. Keesing's Record of World Events. 25. Congo. May 1979. pp. 29, 628.

[4] "Nov 1984 – Re-election of President – Government changes", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 30, November 1984, Congo, page 33,201.

[5] "Aug 1989 – Congo", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 35, August 1989, Congo, page 36,842.