List of governors of Puerto Rico

See also: Governor of Puerto Rico

La Fortaleza in Old San Juan is the official residence of the governor of Puerto Rico. It was built between 1533 and 1540.

This list of governors of Puerto Rico includes all persons who have held that post, either under Spanish or American rule. The governor of Puerto Rico is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The position was first established by the Spanish Empire during the 16th century following the archipelago's colonization.

The first person to officially occupy the position was Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León in 1509. ^[1] At the time, the Spanish monarchy was responsible for appointing the functionary who would perform this office. The first native Puerto Rican to perform the function was Juan Ponce de León II, as interim governor in 1579. During this administration, all of those appointed to take the position had served another function within the empire's government or the Roman Catholic Church. In 1898, the United States invaded Puerto Rico and the Spanish government ceded control of the island to the United States. During the first two years, the entire government in Puerto Rico was appointed by the president of the United States. In 1900, the American government approved the establishment of the Foraker Act as a federal law, this act established a civilian government in the island. In 1947, the federal Elective Governor Act was enacted, which created a new system where, since 1948, the governor is elected through a democratic process every four years. The governor is in charge of Puerto Rico's executive branch and is responsible for appointing executive branch agency heads, including the Secretary of State, who fulfills the role of lieutenant governor, the legislative branch's ombudsman and comptroller and all judges in the judicial branch.

Duties and succession

The standard (flag) and seal of the governor of Puerto Rico

Juan Ponce de León II, 28th governor of Puerto Rico, grandson of the first governor, and the first born in the island to become governor.

In the governor's absence, or if the governor dies or is unable to perform the executive duties, the Secretary of State of Puerto Rico takes control of the executive position, as acting governor during a temporary absence or inability, and as governor in case of death, resignation or impeachment and conviction. ^[2] The elected governor must designate a number of secretaries and other agency heads that will control the individual administrative agencies during his time in office, the selected secretaries are in charge of the island's health, natural resources, economy, correctional and judicial agencies and the department of consumer concerns, among others. The Governor's four-year term begins on January 2, the day after the New Year's Day holiday.

On July 24, 2019, Ricardo Rosselló became the first governor to resign his office. This happened after more than a week of protests due to a chain of corruption arrests and a leaked Telegram chat which contained offensive remarks made by the governor.

List of governors of Puerto Rico

Century 16th – 17th – 18th – 19th – 20th – 21st

Governors under Spanish Crown

No.	Portrait	Governor (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Ref(s)
1		Captain General Don Juan Ponce de León (1st time) 1474 – July 1521 (aged c. 47)	June 15, 1508	October 28, 1509	[3] [4]
2		Juan Cerón	October 28, 1509	March 2, 1510	[5]
3		Captain General Don Juan Ponce de León (2nd time)	March 2, 1510	November 28, 1511	[3]
4		Juan Cerón	November 28, 1511	June 2, 1512	[5] [4]
5		Rodrigo Moscoso	June 2, 1512	1513	[6]
6		Captain General Cristóbal de Mendoza	1513	1515	[7] [4]
7		Captain General Don Juan Ponce de León (3rd time)	July 15, 1515	September 12, 1519	[6]
8		Sánchez Velázquez	1514	1519	[7] [4]
9		Antonio de la Gama	1519	1521	[7] [4]
10		Pedro Moreno	1521	1523	[7] [4]
11		Bishop Alonso Manso	1523	1524	[7]
12		Pedro Moreno	1524	1528	[7] [4]
13		Antonio de la Gama	1528	1530	[7] [4]
14		Lieutenant General Francisco Manuel de Landó	1530	1536	[7] [4]
15		Vasco de Tiedra	1536	1537	[7] [4]
16		Vasco de Tiedra	1537	1544	[7]
17		Jerónimo Lebrón de Quiñones	1544	1544	[7] [4]
18		Lcdo. Iñigo López Cervantes y Loayza	1544	1546	[7]
19		Lcdo. Diego de Caraza	1546	1548	[7]
20		Diego de Caraza	1548	1550	[7]
21		Luis de Vallejo	1550	1555	[7] [4]
22		Lcdo. Alonso Esteves	1555	1555	[7]
23		Lcdo. Diego de Caraza	1555	1561	[7]
24		Antonio de la Llama Vallejo	1561	1564	[7]
25		Francisco Bahamonde De Lugo	1564	1568	[7]
26		Francisco de Solís Osorio	1568	1574	[7]
27		Francisco de Obando y Mexia	1575	1579	[7]
28		Juan Ponce de León II	1579	1579	[8]
29		Jerónimo de Agüero Campuzano	1580	1580	[7]
30		Captain General Juan de Céspedes	1580	1581	[7] [4]
31		Captain General Juan López Melgarejo	1581	1582	[7] [9]
32		Captain General Diego Menéndez de Valdés	June 12, 1582	May 11, 1593	[7] [4] [10]
33		Colonel Pedro Suárez de Coronel (1st time)	May 11, 1593	December 18, 1597	[7] [4]
34		Captain General Antonio de Mosquera	December 18, 1597	August 13, 1598	[7]
35		Colonel Pedro Suárez de Coronel (2nd time)	November 23, 1598	March 22, 1599	[7]
36		Captain General Alonso de Mercado	March 22, 1599	July 15, 1601	[7] [4]
37		Captain General Sancho Ochoa de Castro	July 15, 1601	July 22, 1608	[7] [4]
38		Gabriel de Rojas Párano	July 22, 1608	September 14, 1614	[7]
39		Captain General Felipe de Beaumont y Navarra [4]	September 14, 1614	June 1, 1619	[7]
40		Juan de Vargas	June 1, 1619	August 29, 1625	[7] [4]
41		Captain General Juan de Haro y Sanvítores	August 29, 1625	January 24, 1631	[7] [4]
42		Captain General Enrique Enriquez de Sotomayor	January 24, 1631	February 23, 1635	[7]
43		Captain General Iñigo de la Mota Sarmiento	February 23, 1635	May 16, 1640	[7] [4]
44		Captain General Agustín de Silva y Figueroa	May 16, 1640	December 2, 1641	[7]
45		Captain General Juan de Bolaños	December 2, 1641	July 9, 1643	[7]
46		Fernando de la Riva Agüero y Setien	July 9, 1643	May 24, 1649	[7] [4]
47		Diego de Aguilera y Gamboa	May 24, 1649	1655	[7]
48		José Novoa y Moscoso Pérez y Buitron	1655	August 15, 1660	[7]
49		Captain General Juan Pérez de Guzmán y Chagoyen	August 15, 1660	November 23, 1664	[7] [4]
50		Jerónimo de Velasco	November 23, 1664	June 23, 1670	[7] [4]
51		Gaspar de Arteaga y Aunoavidao	June 23, 1670	March 17, 1674	[11] [4]
52		Diego Roblandillo	March 17, 1674	August 20, 1674	[11] [4]
53		Captain General Baltazar Figueroa y Castilla	August 20, 1674	April 6, 1675	[11] [4]
54		Alonso de Campos y Espinosa	April 6, 1675	August 22, 1678	[11] [4]
55		Juan de Robles Lorenzana	August 22, 1678	July 18, 1683	[11] [4]
56		Captain General Gaspar Martínez de Andino	July 18, 1683	1685	[11] [4]
57		Juan Francisco Medina	1685	1690	[11]
58		Gaspar de Arredondo y Valle	1690	1695	[11] [4]
59		Juan Francisco Medina	1695	1697	[11]
60		Tomás Franco	1697	1698	[11] [4]
61		Antonio de Robles Silva	1698	1699	[11] [4]
62		Gabriel Suárez de Ribera	October 17, 1699	July 23, 1703	[11]
63		Diego Jiménez de Villarán	1703	1703	[11] [4]
64		Francisco Sánchez Calderón	1703	1703	[11] [4]
65		Pedro Arroyo y Guerrero	1704	1705	[11] [4]
66		Juan Francisco López de Morla	1706	1706	[11] [4]
67		Francisco Danío Granados	1706	1708	[11] [4]
68		Colonel Juan de Ribera	July 18, 1711	February 12, 1715	[11] [4]
69		José Francisco Carreño	February 12, 1715	May 3, 1716	[11] [4]
70		Alfonso Bortodano	May 3, 1716	April 7, 1720	[11]
71		Francisco Danio Granados	April 7, 1720	August 22, 1724	[11] [4]
72		Captain General José Antonio de Mendizabal y Azcue	August 22, 1724	October 11, 1730	[11] [4]
73		Lieutenant Colonel Matías de Abadía	October 11, 1731	June 28, 1743	[11] [4]
74		Domingo Pérez de Mandares	June 28, 1743	October 29, 1744	[11]
75		Colonel Juan José Colomo	October 29, 1744	August 11, 1750	[11] [4]
76		Colonel Agustín de Parejas	August 11, 1750	July 8, 1751	[11] [4]
77		Lieutenant Colonel Esteban Bravo de Rivero	July 8, 1751	May 1, 1753	[11] [4]
78		Captain General Felipe Ramírez de Estenos	May 1, 1753	August 30, 1757	[11] [4]
79		Esteban Bravo de Rivero	August 30, 1757	June 3, 1759	[11]
80		Mateo de Guaso Calderón	June 3, 1759	March 7, 1760	[11] [4]
81		Esteban Bravo de Rivero	March 7, 1760	April 20, 1761	[11]
82		Lieutenant Colonel Ambrosio de Benavides	April 20, 1761	March 12, 1766	[11]
83		Colonel Marcos de Vergara	March 12, 1766	October 28, 1766	[11] [4]
84		Lieutenant Colonel José Trentor	October 28, 1766	July 31, 1770	[11] [4]
85		Colonel Miguel de Muesas	July 31, 1770	June 2, 1776	[11] [12] [4]
86		Colonel José Dufresne	June 2, 1776	April 6, 1783	[11] [4]
87		Field Marshal Don Juan Andrés Daban y Busterino	April 6, 1783	March 27, 1789	[11] [4]
88		Coronel Francisco Torralbo y Robles	March 27, 1789	July 8, 1789	[11]
89		Brigadier General Miguel Antonio de Ustáriz	July 8, 1789	May 19, 1792	[6] [4]
90		Coronel Francisco Torralbo y Robles	May 19, 1792	March 10, 1793	[11] [4]
91		Brigadier General Enrique Grimarest	March 10, 1793	March 21, 1795	[6]
92		Field Marshal Don Ramón de Castro y Gutiérrez	March 21, 1795	November 12, 1804	[11] [4]
93		Toribio Montes	November 12, 1804	June 3, 1809	[11]
94		Salvador Meléndez Bruna	June 30, 1809	March 22, 1820	[11] [13] [4]
95		Brigadier General Juan Vasco y Pascual	March 24, 1820	August 7, 1820	[11] [4]
96		Brigadier General Gonzalo Arostegui y Herrera	August 7, 1820	February 12, 1822	[11] [4]
97		Coronel José de Navarro	February 12, 1822	May 30, 1822	[11] [4]
98		Francisco González de Linares	May 30, 1822	December 4, 1823	[11]
99		Lieutenant General Miguel Luciano de La Torre y Pando	December 4, 1823	January 14, 1837	[11] [4]
100		Francisco Javier de Moreda y Prieto	January 14, 1837	December 15, 1837	[11]
101		Field Marshal Miguel López de Baños	December 15, 1837	October 2, 1840	[11] [4]
102		Lieutenant General Santiago Méndez de Vigo	October 2, 1840	March 11, 1844	[11] [4]
103		Lieutenant General Rafael de Aristegui y Vélez	March 11, 1844	December 15, 1847	[11]
104		Field Marshal Don Juan Prim de Prats y Gonzalez	December 15, 1847	September 12, 1848	[14]
105		Lieutenant General Juan de la Pezuela y Cevallos	September 12, 1848	April 23, 1851	[15] [16]
106		Enrique de España y Taberner	April 23, 1851	August 23, 1852	[6]
107		Lieutenant General Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero	August 23, 1852	January 31, 1855	[6]
108		Lieutenant General Andrés García Camba	January 31, 1855	August 23, 1855	[6]
109		Lieutenant General José Lemery Ibrarrola Ney y Gonzalez	August 23, 1855	January 28, 1857	[6]
110		Lieutenant General Fernando Cotoner y Chacon	January 28, 1857	July 31, 1860	[6]
111		Sabino Gamir Maladen	July 31, 1860	August 19, 1860	[6]
112		Lieutenant General Rafael Echague y Bermingham	August 19, 1860	February 17, 1862	[6]
113		Brigadier General Rafael Izquierdo y Gutierrez	February 17, 1862	April 29, 1862	[6]
114		Lieutenant General Félix María de Messina Iglesias	April 29, 1862	November 18, 1865	[6]
115		Lieutenant General José María Marchessi y Oleaga	November 18, 1865	November 17, 1867	[6]
116		General Julián Juan Pavia Lacy	November 17, 1867	December 30, 1868	[6]
117		General José Laureano Sanz y Posse	December 30, 1868	May 21, 1870	[6] [17]
118		Lieutenant General Gabriel Baldrich	April 4, 1870	September 13, 1871	[6]
119		General Ramón Gómez Pulido	September 13, 1871	July 30, 1872	[6]
120		General Simón de la Torre Ormaza	July 30, 1872	November 5, 1872	[6]
121		Brigadier General Joaquín Eurile Hernan	November 5, 1872	February 14, 1873	[6]
122		Lieutenant General Juan Martínez Plowes	February 14, 1873	March 25, 1873	[6]
123		General Rafael Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte	March 25, 1873	February 2, 1874	[6]
124		General José Laureano Sanz y Posse	February 2, 1874	December 16, 1875	[6] [17]
125		General Segundo de la Portilla Gutierrez	December 16, 1875	January 24, 1877	[6]
126		General Manuel de la Serna Hernandez y Pinzón	January 24, 1877	April 26, 1878	[6]
127		General José Gamir Maladen	April 26, 1878	June 24, 1878	[6]
128		General Eulogio Despujols y Dussay	June 24, 1878	July 7, 1881	[6]
129		General Segundo de la Portilla Gutierrez	July 7, 1881	November 23, 1883	[6]
130		General Miguel de la Vega Inclán y Palma	November 23, 1883	July 31, 1884	[6]
131		General Don Carlos Suances Campos	July 31, 1884	September 19, 1884	[6]
132		General Ramón Fajardo Izquierdo	September 19, 1884	November 25, 1884	[6]
133		General Luis Daban y Ramírez de Arellanó	November 25, 1884	March 23, 1887	[6]
134		General Romualdo Palacios Gonzalez	March 23, 1887	November 9, 1887	[6]
135		General Juan Contreras Martinez	November 9, 1887	February 25, 1888	[6]
136		General Pedro Ruiz Dana	February 25, 1888	April 18, 1890	[6]
137		Brigadier General José Pascual Bonanza	1890	1890	[6]
138		General José Lasso y Pérez	1890	1893	[6]
139		General Antonio Daban y Ramírez de Arrellanó	January 10, 1893	June 22, 1895	[6]
140		General José Gamir Maladen	June 22, 1895	January 17, 1896	[6]
141		General Emilio March	January 17, 1896	February 15, 1896	[6]
142		General Sabas Marín González	February 15, 1896	January 4, 1898	[18]
143		General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez	January 4, 1898	January 11, 1898	[19]
144		General Andrés González Muñoz	January 11, 1898	January 11, 1898	[20] [21]
145		General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez	January 11, 1898	February 2, 1898	[19]
146		General Manuel Macías Casado	February 2, 1898	October 14, 1898	[22]
147		General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez	October 14, 1898	October 16, 1898	[19]
148		Captain Ángel Rivero Méndez	October 16, 1898	October 18, 1898	[23]

Governors under U.S. colonial administration

Military government

No.	Image	Name	Took office	Left office	Reference
149		Commanding General Nelson A. Miles	July 25, 1898	October 18, 1898
150		Major General John R. Brooke	October 18, 1898	December 6, 1898	[24]
151		Major General Guy Vernor Henry	December 6, 1898	May 9, 1899
152		Major General George Whitefield Davis	May 9, 1899	May 1, 1900	[6]

Post-Foraker Act of 1900

No.	Image	Name	Took office	Left office	Notes	Reference
153		Charles Herbert Allen	May 1, 1900	September 15, 1901	First U.S. civil governor appointed by President William McKinley	[25]
154		William Henry Hunt	September 15, 1901	July 4, 1904		[26]
155		Beekman Winthrop	July 4, 1904	April 17, 1907		[7]
156		Regis Henri Post	April 17, 1907	November 6, 1909		[7]
157		George Radcliffe Colton	November 6, 1909	November 15, 1913		[7]
158		Arthur Yager	November 15, 1913	May 15, 1921	Classmate of President Woodrow Wilson. With his support, the United States Congress adopted the Jones-Shafroth Act	[27]
159		José E. Benedicto	May 15, 1921	July 30, 1921	Interim governor	[7]
160		Emmet Montgomery Reily	July 30, 1921	February 16, 1923		[28]
161		Juan Bernardo Huyke	February 16, 1923	April 1, 1923	Interim governor	[7]
162		Horace Mann Towner	April 1, 1923	September 29, 1929		[29]
163		James R. Beverley	September 29, 1929	September 9, 1929	The only non-Puerto Rican appointee of 15 from 1900 to 1952 who could speak Spanish before going there.	[7]
164		Theodore Roosevelt Jr.	September 9, 1929	January 30, 1932		[30]
165		James R. Beverley 2nd Term	January 30, 1932	July 3, 1933		[7]
166		Robert Hayes Gore	July 3, 1933	January 11, 1934		[31]
167		Benjamin Jason Horton	January 11, 1934	February 5, 1934		[7]
168		Blanton C. Winship	February 5, 1934	June 25, 1939	Summarily removed by President Roosevelt on May 12, 1939. [32] [33]	[34]
169		José E. Colón	June 25, 1939	September 11, 1939	Interim governor	[6]
170		William D. Leahy	September 11, 1939	November 28, 1940		[35]
171		José Miguel Gallardo	November 28, 1940	February 3, 1941	Interim governor	[6]
172		Guy J. Swope	February 3, 1941	July 24, 1941		[36]
173		José Miguel Gallardo	July 24, 1941	September 19, 1941	Interim governor	[6]
174		Rexford Tugwell	September 19, 1941	September 2, 1946		[37]
175		Jesús T. Piñero	September 2, 1946	January 2, 1949	Only native Puerto Rican governor appointed under US colonial administration	[38]

Governors under the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

   New Progressive Party (8)
   Popular Democratic Party (7)

US party affiliation

   Democratic Party (10)
   Republican Party (4)
   Independent (1)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term	Duration	Party	Election	National Party Affiliation
176		Luis Muñoz Marín (1898–1980) [39]	January 2, 1949 – January 2, 1965	16 years	Popular Democratic	1948		Independent [a]
						1952
						1956
						1960
177		Roberto Sánchez Vilella (1913–1997) [41]	January 2, 1965 – January 2, 1969	4 years	Popular Democratic	1964		Democratic [b]
178		Luis A. Ferré (1904–2003) [43]	January 2, 1969 – January 2, 1973	4 years	New Progressive	1968		Republican [c]
179		Rafael Hernández Colón (1936–2019) [45] [46]	January 2, 1973 – January 2, 1977	4 years	Popular Democratic	1972		Democratic [d]
180		Carlos Romero Barceló (1932–2021) [48] [49]	January 2, 1977 – January 2, 1985	8 years	New Progressive	1976		Democratic [d]
						1980
181		Rafael Hernández Colón (1936–2019) [45] [46]	January 2, 1985 – January 2, 1993	8 years	Popular Democratic	1984		Democratic [d]
						1988
182		Pedro Rosselló (b. 1944) [50]	January 2, 1993 – January 2, 2001	8 years	New Progressive	1992		Democratic [51]
						1996
183		Sila María Calderón (b. 1942) [52]	January 2, 2001 – January 2, 2005	4 years	Popular Democratic	2000		Democratic [e]
184		Aníbal Acevedo Vilá (b. 1962) [54]	January 2, 2005 – January 2, 2009	4 years	Popular Democratic	2004		Democratic [f]
185		Luis Fortuño (b. 1960)	January 2, 2009 – January 2, 2013	4 years	New Progressive	2008		Republican [56]
186		Alejandro García Padilla (b. 1971)	January 2, 2013 – January 2, 2017	4 years	Popular Democratic	2012		Democratic [g]
187		Ricardo Rosselló (b. 1979)	January 2, 2017 – August 2, 2019	2 years, 212 days	New Progressive	2016		Democratic [58]
–		Pedro Pierluisi (b. 1959) De facto	August 2, 2019 – August 7, 2019	5 days	New Progressive	None [h]		Democratic [58]
188		Wanda Vázquez Garced (b. 1960) Constitutional appointment	August 7, 2019 – January 2, 2021	1 year, 148 days	New Progressive	None [i]		Republican [60]
189		Pedro Pierluisi (b. 1959)	January 2, 2021 – present	3 years, 315 days	New Progressive	2020		Democratic [58]
190		Jenniffer González-Colón (b. 1976)	Governor-elect to take office on January 2, 2025		New Progressive	2024		Republican [61]

See also

• Puerto Rico portal
• Politics portal

• First ladies and gentlemen of Puerto Rico
• Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
• History of Puerto Rico
• Politics of Puerto Rico
• List of Legislative Assemblies of Puerto Rico

Notes

1. Trías Monge (1995) "Aunque se le percibía como Demócrata e influía decisivamente en las gestiones del Partido Demócrata de Puerto Rico, Muñoz Marín nunca se afilió formalmente a ese partido ni participó en actividad alguna de los partidos políticos estadounidenses." ^[40]
2. Metro (2012) "Desde la presidencia de Lyndon B. Johnson y la gobernación de Roberto Sánchez Vilella, no teníamos un presidente demócrata en Washington y un gobernador demócrata en San Juan." ^[42]
3. Fernós (2003) "[...]su dirigente Don Luis A. Ferré, presidente del Partido Republicano en Puerto Rico." ^[44]
4. Montalvo (2012) "Carlos Romero Barceló y Rafael Hernández Colón son de partidos contrarios en la Isla, pero demócratas en la política estadounidense." ^[47]
5. Castilla y León. "[Calderón] pertenece al Partido Popular Democrático de Puerto Rico y al Partido Demócrata de Estados Unidos." ^[53]
6. DARN (2011) "[Acevedo Vilá] was an active member of the National Governors Association, the Southern Governors Association and the Democratic Governors Association." ^[55]
7. Varela (2013) "[...] Governor Alejandro Padilla, a Democrat [...]" ^[57]
8. As Secretary of State, succeeded to the office following the resignation of Ricardo Rosselló. Shortly thereafter, the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico ruled that his assumption of the office was unconstitutional because his nomination as Secretary of State was never confirmed by the Legislature. ^[59]
9. As Secretary of Justice, Mrs. Vázquez Garced succeeded to the office following the resignation of Ricardo Rosselló and the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico's ruling that Pedro Pierluisi's succession was invalid because he was not confirmed by both chambers of the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico as Secretary of State. ^[59]

References

1. "Puerto Rico". World Statesmen.org. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
2. "Rama Ejecutiva" (in Spanish). Gobierno del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico. Archived from the original on August 13, 2007. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
3. "Ponce de León, Juan". Infoplease. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
4. Blanch, José (December 23, 1894). "Directorio comercial é industrial de la isla de Puerto-Rico para 1894. Formado con relaciones oficiales remitidas por los sres. alcaldes municipales de cada localidad" (in Spanish). Puerto-Rico, "La correspondencia". p. 8 – via Internet Archive.
5. "Puerto Rico in the Great Depression". New Deal Network. Archived from the original on November 5, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
6. "Governors of Puerto Rico - Under Spanish Rule". El Boricua. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
7. "Puerto Rico - Chronology". World's Statesmen. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
8. Casa Blanca reveals centuries of San Juan history Archived 2009-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
9. Soler, L.M.D. (1970). Historia de la esclavitud negra en Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Universidad de Puerto Rico, Editorial Universitaria. p. 69. ISBN   978-0-8477-0095-0 . Retrieved December 24, 2019.
10. "Diego Menéndez de Valdés". Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish). Retrieved December 24, 2019.
11. "Governantes de Puerto Rico" (in Spanish). Link to Puerto Rico. Archived from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
12. Altagracia Ortiz (January 1, 1983). Eighteenth-century Reforms in the Caribbean: Miguel de Muesas, Governor of Puerto Rico, 1769-76. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN   978-0-8386-3008-2.
13. "El capitan general de la Isla de Puerto Rico a todos los vecinos y habitantes de ella : Puerto Rico. Governor (1809–1820 : Meléndez y Bruna)". Internet Archive (in Spanish). October 23, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
14. "Rafael Cordero Molina: Maestro de proceres, Siervo de Dios" (in Spanish). Puerto Rico en breve. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
15. Miller, Paul Gerard (1922). Historia de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Retrieved June 21, 2020– via Internet Archive.
16. "A Sketch of the New Spanish Ministers". Empire. December 31, 1856. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
17. "José Laureano Sanz Posse". Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish). Retrieved September 3, 2019.
18. "Presencia del ideario masónico en el proyecto revolucionario antillano de Ramón Emeterio Betances" (in Spanish). Universidad de Puerto Rico. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
19. "Protagonistas de la Guerra Hispano Americana en Puerto Rico Parte VII" (in Spanish). Coqui.net. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
20. "Teniente general Andrés González Muñoz" (in Spanish). Puerto Rico en breve. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
21. "Puerto Rico's New Governor". timesmachine nytimes.
22. "Protagonistas de la Guerra Hispano Americana en Puerto Rico Parte VI" (in Spanish). Coqui.net. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
23. "Last Spanish Ruler in Porto Rico Dies". Democrat and Chronicle. February 25, 1930. Retrieved November 29, 2022– via newspapers.com. Although he served only two days, Rivero was credited with being the last Spanish governor of Porto Rico. He was born here and educated in Spain. He served in the Spanish army until the end of the Spanish-American war and later became an American citizen. Rivero was credited with doing much to create friendly understanding among Spaniards, Porto Ricans and Americans.
24. "John R. Brooke". Library of Congress. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
25. "Allen, Charles Herbert, (1848 - 1934)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
26. "Hunt, William Henry". Federal Judicial Center. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
27. "Arthur Yager 1908-1913". Georgetown College. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
28. "The Architecture of Power". Carnegie Mellon University. Archived from the original on July 4, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
29. "Towner, Horace Mann, (1855 - 1937)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
30. "TR's Family Tree". Theodore Roosevelt Association. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
31. Washington Post (1933), "Warren D. Robbins Minister to Canada; White House Also Chooses Robert H. Gore as Governor of Puerto Rico", Washington Post, no. April 29, 1933, p. 2
32. Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Civil Rights in Puerto Rico. The Commission of Inquiry on Civil Rights in Puerto Rico, editor. 70 pages. May 22, 1937. Published by The Law Library Microform Consortium (LLMC). Archived December 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Accessed on October 30, 2010.
33. Vito Marcantonio, U.S. Congressman. Five Years of Tyranny. Speech before the U.S. House of Representatives. Cheverote Productions. 14 August 1939. Archived January 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine The entire speech is contained in the Congressional Record August 14, 1939. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
34. Vito Marcantonio. "Five Years of Tyranny". Cheverote Productions. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
35. "William D. Leahy - Biography". Williamdleahy.com (official web site). Retrieved September 19, 2007.
36. "Swope, Guy Jacob, (1892 - 1969)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
37. "Rexford G. Tugwell (1891–1979)". The Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
38. "Jesus T. Piñero". Library of Congress. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
39. "Luis Muñoz Marín - Biografia". Fundación Luis Muñoz Marín. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
40. Trías Monge, José (1995). Historia Constitucional de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Vol. V. La Editorial. ISBN   9780847702084 . Retrieved August 10, 2013.
41. Luis R. Negrón. "Roberto Sánchez Vilella" (in Spanish). Puerto Rico en breve. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
42. "Líderes populares reclaman a Cox Alomar para Oficina de PR en Washington". Metro Puerto Rico. Metro International. December 20, 2012. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
43. "Luis A. Ferré". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
44. Fernós, Antonio (2003). Ser Nosotros Mismos!: La Angustiosa Lucha Del Pueblo Puertorriqueño Por Su Soberanía Nacional (in Spanish). La Editorial. ISBN   9780847701421 . Retrieved August 10, 2013.
45. "Rafael Hernández Colón". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
46. "Rafael Hernández Colón, former governor of Puerto Rico, dies at 82". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
47. Montalvo, Iza (October 8, 2012). "Exgobernadores de PR visitan Florida en campaña por Obama". La Opinión (in Spanish).
48. "Romero-Barceló, Carlos Antonio, (1932 - )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
49. "Fallece el exgobernador Carlos Romero Barceló". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). Retrieved May 3, 2021.
50. "Pedro Rosselló" (in Spanish). Senado de Puerto Rico. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
51. "Hon. Pedro Rosselló - Resumen Biográfico" (in Spanish). 1998. Retrieved August 10, 2013. [Rosselló es] Vicepresidente de la Asociación de Gobernadores Demócratas.
52. "Sila Maria Calderón". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
53. "Calderón Serra, Sila María" (in Spanish). Junta de Castilla y León. Archived from the original on March 31, 2014. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
54. "Acevedo-Vilá, Aníbal, (1962 - )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
55. "Former Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá to Present at DANR Leadership Forum in Puerto Rico". Dominican American National Roundtable. August 7, 2011. Archived from the original on July 24, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
56. "WSJ: Luis Fortuno is a Republican Star". Republican Governors Association. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
57. Varela, Julio (May 22, 2013). "Opinion: For Puerto Rico to ever progress, the politics of status must disappear". NBC Latino. NBC . Retrieved August 10, 2013.
58. "Ricky Rosselló | Democratic Governors Association". Democratic Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
59. Romo, Vanessa; Gonzales, Richard (August 7, 2019). "Puerto Rico's Justice Secretary Wanda Vázquez Sworn In As Governor". NPR.org. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
60. "La gobernadora Wanda Vázquez se "inclina hacia la filosofía republicana"". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). Retrieved August 21, 2019.
61. "WSJ: Luis Fortuno is a Republican Star". Republican Governors Association. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2013.

External links

• List of Puerto Rico Governors — on WorldStatesmen.org