The governor of North Dakota is the head of government of the U.S. state of North Dakota. The governor is the head of the executive branch of North Dakota's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.
There have been 32 governors since North Dakota became a state, serving 33 distinct terms, with William Langer having been elected to multiple terms. The current officeholder is Republican Kelly Armstrong.
Dakota Territory was organized on March 2, 1861; [1] on November 2, 1889, it was split into the states of North Dakota and South Dakota. [2]
The Constitution of North Dakota originally provided for the election of a governor and lieutenant governor every two years, which was changed to four years in 1964. [3] A limit of two terms was added in 2023. [4] The governor and lieutenant governor are elected together on a ticket, [5] and should the office of governor become vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. [6] The term of office begins on the December 15 following the election. [7]
No. | Governor | Term in office | Party | Election | Lt. Governor [a] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | John Miller (1843–1908) [8] [9] | November 20, 1889 [10] – January 7, 1891 (did not run) [8] | Republican [11] | 1889 | Alfred Dickey | |||||
2 | Andrew H. Burke (1850–1918) [12] [13] | January 7, 1891 [14] – January 4, 1893 (lost election) | Republican [11] | 1890 | Roger Allin | |||||
3 | Eli C. D. Shortridge (1830–1908) [15] [16] | January 4, 1893 [b] – January 9, 1895 (did not run) | Populist [15] | 1892 | Elmer D. Wallace [c] | |||||
4 | Roger Allin (1848–1936) [20] [21] | January 9, 1895 [22] – January 7, 1897 (lost nomination) [23] | Republican [11] | 1894 | John H. Worst | |||||
5 | Frank A. Briggs (1858–1898) [24] [25] | January 7, 1897 [d] – August 9, 1898 (died in office) | Republican [11] | 1896 | Joseph M. Devine | |||||
6 | Joseph M. Devine (1861–1938) [28] [29] | August 9, 1898 [30] – January 3, 1899 (did not run) | Republican [11] | Succeeded from lieutenant governor | Vacant | |||||
7 | Frederick B. Fancher (1852–1944) [31] [32] | January 3, 1899 [33] – January 7, 1901 (withdrew) [e] | Republican [11] | 1898 | Joseph M. Devine | |||||
8 | Frank White (1856–1940) [35] [36] | January 7, 1901 [37] – January 4, 1905 (did not run) | Republican [11] | 1900 | David Bartlett | |||||
1902 | ||||||||||
9 | Elmore Y. Sarles (1859–1929) [38] [39] | January 4, 1905 [40] – January 9, 1907 (lost election) | Republican [11] | 1904 | ||||||
10 | John Burke (1859–1937) [41] [42] | January 9, 1907 [43] – January 8, 1913 (did not run) | Democratic [11] | 1906 | Robert S. Lewis | |||||
1908 | ||||||||||
1910 | Usher L. Burdick | |||||||||
11 | L. B. Hanna (1861–1948) [44] [45] | January 8, 1913 [46] – January 3, 1917 (did not run) | Republican [11] | 1912 | Anton Kraabel | |||||
1914 | John H. Fraine | |||||||||
12 | Lynn Frazier (1874–1947) [47] [48] | January 3, 1917 [49] – November 23, 1921 (recalled) [f] | Republican/ Nonpartisan League [47] | 1916 | Anton Kraabel | |||||
1918 | Howard R. Wood | |||||||||
1920 | ||||||||||
13 | Ragnvald Nestos (1877–1942) [50] [51] | November 23, 1921 [52] – January 7, 1925 (lost nomination) [50] | Republican/ Independent Voters [50] | 1921 (recall) [f] | ||||||
1922 | Frank H. Hyland | |||||||||
14 | Arthur G. Sorlie (1874–1928) [53] [54] | January 7, 1925 [55] – August 28, 1928 (died in office) | Republican/ Nonpartisan League [53] | 1924 | Walter Maddock | |||||
1926 | ||||||||||
15 | Walter Maddock (1880–1951) [56] [57] | August 28, 1928 [58] – January 9, 1929 (lost election) | Republican/ Nonpartisan League [56] | Succeeded from lieutenant governor | Vacant | |||||
16 | George F. Shafer (1888–1948) [59] [60] | January 9, 1929 [61] – January 4, 1933 (did not run) [g] | Republican/ Independent Voters [59] | 1928 | John W. Carr | |||||
1930 | ||||||||||
17 | William Langer (1886–1959) [62] [63] | January 4, 1933 [h] – July 19, 1934 (removed) [i] | Republican/ Nonpartisan League [62] | 1932 | Ole H. Olson | |||||
18 | Ole H. Olson (1872–1954) [68] [69] | July 19, 1934 [i] – January 7, 1935 (did not run) | Republican/ Nonpartisan League | Succeeded from lieutenant governor | Vacant | |||||
19 | Thomas H. Moodie (1878–1948) [70] [71] | January 7, 1935 [72] – February 2, 1935 (removed) [j] | Democratic [70] | 1934 | Walter Welford | |||||
20 | Walter Welford (1868–1952) [73] [74] | February 2, 1935 [75] – January 6, 1937 (lost election) | Republican/ Nonpartisan League [73] | Succeeded from lieutenant governor | Vacant | |||||
21 | William Langer (1886–1959) [62] [63] | January 6, 1937 [76] – January 2, 1939 (did not run) [k] | Independent [62] | 1936 | Thorstein H. H. Thoresen | |||||
22 | John Moses (1885–1945) [77] [78] | January 2, 1939 [79] – January 2, 1945 (did not run) [l] | Democratic [77] | 1938 | Jack A. Patterson | |||||
1940 | Oscar W. Hagen | |||||||||
1942 | Henry Holt | |||||||||
23 | Fred G. Aandahl (1897–1966) [80] [81] | January 2, 1945 [82] – January 3, 1951 (did not run) [m] | Republican [80] | 1944 | Clarence P. Dahl | |||||
1946 | ||||||||||
1948 | ||||||||||
24 | Norman Brunsdale (1891–1978) [83] [84] | January 3, 1951 [85] – January 7, 1957 (did not run) | Republican [83] | 1950 | Ray Schnell | |||||
1952 | Clarence P. Dahl | |||||||||
1954 | ||||||||||
25 | John E. Davis (1913–1990) [86] [87] | January 7, 1957 [88] – January 3, 1961 (did not run) [n] | Republican [86] | 1956 | Francis Clyde Duffy | |||||
1958 | Clarence P. Dahl | |||||||||
26 | William L. Guy (1919–2013) [89] [90] | January 3, 1961 [91] – January 2, 1973 (did not run) [89] | Democratic– Nonpartisan League [89] | 1960 | Orville W. Hagen | |||||
1962 | Frank A. Wenstrom | |||||||||
1964 | Charles Tighe | |||||||||
1968 | Richard F. Larsen | |||||||||
27 | Arthur A. Link (1914–2010) [92] [93] | January 2, 1973 [94] – January 6, 1981 (lost election) | Democratic– Nonpartisan League [92] | 1972 | Wayne Sanstead | |||||
1976 | ||||||||||
28 | Allen I. Olson (b. 1938) [95] | January 6, 1981 [96] – December 31, 1984 (lost election) | Republican [95] | 1980 | Ernest Sands | |||||
29 | George A. Sinner (1928–2018) [97] | January 1, 1985 [o] – December 15, 1992 (did not run) | Democratic– Nonpartisan League [97] | 1984 | Ruth Meiers | |||||
1988 | Lloyd Omdahl | |||||||||
30 | Ed Schafer (b. 1946) [100] | December 15, 1992 [101] – December 15, 2000 (did not run) | Republican [100] | 1992 | Rosemarie Myrdal | |||||
1996 | ||||||||||
31 | John Hoeven (b. 1957) [102] | December 15, 2000 [103] – December 7, 2010 (resigned) [p] | Republican [102] | 2000 | Jack Dalrymple | |||||
2004 | ||||||||||
2008 | ||||||||||
32 | Jack Dalrymple (b. 1948) [104] | December 7, 2010 [105] – December 15, 2016 (did not run) | Republican [104] | Succeeded from lieutenant governor | Drew Wrigley | |||||
2012 | ||||||||||
33 | Doug Burgum (b. 1956) [106] | December 15, 2016 [107] – December 15, 2024 (did not run) | Republican [106] | 2016 | Brent Sanford | |||||
2020 | ||||||||||
Tammy Miller | ||||||||||
34 | Kelly Armstrong (b. 1976) | December 15, 2024 – Incumbent | Republican | 2024 | Michelle Strinden |
Bismarck is the capital of the U.S. state of North Dakota and the county seat of Burleigh County. It is the state's second-most populous city, after Fargo. The population was 73,622 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 75,092 in 2023, while its metropolitan population was 133,626. In 2020, Forbes magazine ranked Bismarck as the seventh fastest-growing small city in the United States.
William "Wild Bill" Langer was an American lawyer and politician from North Dakota, where he was an infamous character, bouncing back from a scandal that forced him out of the governor's office and into multiple trials. He was the 17th and 21st governor of North Dakota from 1932 to 1934 and from 1937 to 1939.
Ole H. Olson was the 16th lieutenant governor and 18th governor of North Dakota.
Walter Welford was inaugurated as the 20th governor of North Dakota on February 2, 1935, after Thomas H. Moodie was removed after it was determined he was ineligible to hold the office. Welford lost the 1936 election to former governor William Langer, and served until the end of his term in January 1937.
Thomas Hilliard Moodie was an American politician who was born in Winona, Minnesota. After he was inaugurated the 19th governor of North Dakota in January 1935, it was revealed that he had not officially been a resident of the state for the mandatory five years, and he was removed from office in February 1935 having served less than a month.
Frank Arlington Briggs was an American Republican elected official who served as the fifth governor of North Dakota from January 6, 1897 until his death nineteen months later.
Obert A. Olson was a North Dakota public servant and politician with the Republican Party. Olson served as a state legislator, State Treasurer (1919-1920), and mayor of Bismarck (1937-1938).
The politics of North Dakota were shaped historically by early settlement by people from the Northern Tier, who carried their politics west ultimately from New England, upstate New York, and the Upper Midwest. The area and state also received numerous European immigrants and migrants, particularly during the era of opening up of former Native American lands for sale and settlement.
Neil Carnot Macdonald was an American educator from North Dakota. He served as the tenth North Dakota Superintendent of Public Instruction from 1917 to 1918.
O. E. Lofthus was a teacher, banker, and politician who served as the North Dakota state bank examiner from 1919 to 1921.