McKenzie County, North Dakota

McKenzie County
County
Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site
Location within the U.S. state of North Dakota
North Dakota's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 47°44′N103°23′W / 47.73°N 103.39°W / 47.73; -103.39
Country	United States
State	North Dakota
Founded	March 9, 1883 (created) April 20, 1905 (organized)
Named for	Alexander McKenzie
Seat	Watford City
Largest city	Watford City
Area
• Total	2,861 sq mi (7,410 km2)
• Land	2,760 sq mi (7,100 km2)
• Water	100 sq mi (300 km2)  3.5%
Population  (2020)
• Total	14,704
• Estimate  (2023)	14,252
• Density	5.1/sq mi (2.0/km2)
Time zones
(northern portion)	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
(southern portion)	UTC−7 (Mountain)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−6 (MDT)
Congressional district	At-large
Website	county.mckenziecounty.net

McKenzie County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,704. ^[1] Its county seat is Watford City. ^[2]

The county lies immediately adjacent to the Williston Micropolitan Statistical Area, although the Census Bureau does not include McKenzie County in that grouping.

History

The Dakota Territory legislature created the county on March 9, 1883, with areas partitioned from Howard County (now extinct). The county was named for Alexander McKenzie, a territorial political figure who was later disgraced for corruption. ^[3] The county was not organized at that time, and was not attached to another county for administrative or judicial purposes. The county's boundary was altered in 1885, and on March 2, 1891, the state legislature authorized the dissolution of the county, assigning its territories to Billings and Stark counties. However, this directive was not implemented, and McKenzie continued as a defined county until November 3, 1896, when another act was passed to dissolve the county and assign its territories to Billings County. This act was challenged in the courts, and on May 24, 1901, the state Supreme Court held that the county was to continue in existence.

On March 10, 1903, the county was attached to Stark County for administrative purposes. On March 16, 1905, McKenzie gained the territories of Allred and Wallace counties as those counties were administratively dissolved. On April 20, 1905, the McKenzie County government was organized, and its previous attachment to Stark was terminated.

The first county seat was Alexander. In 1907 the seat was moved to Schafer, and in 1941 it was moved to the present location, Watford City. ^{[4] [5]}

Between the 2010 and 2020 censuses, McKenzie County was the fastest growing county in the United States, growing by 131.2% from 6,360 to 14,704 inhabitants, largely due to the Bakken Formation oil boom. ^{[6] [7]}

Geography

McKenzie County lies on the west line of North Dakota. Its west boundary line abuts the east boundary line of the state of Montana. The Missouri River flows easterly along the western portion of the county's north boundary line, and the enlargement of the Missouri as it discharges into Lake Sakakawea forms the eastern portion of the county's north and northeastern boundary line. The Yellowstone River flows into the northwestern corner of the county from Montana, and discharges into the Missouri at the county's northern boundary line. The Little Missouri River flows northeasterly through the county's lower portion, on its way to discharge into Lake Sakakawea, east of the county's east boundary line. The county terrain consists of semi-arid rolling hills, carved by river valleys and drainages. The area is partially devoted to agriculture. ^[8] The terrain slopes to the east and north, with its highest point on its south boundary line, at 2,684 ft (818 m) ASL. ^[9] The county has a total area of 2,861 square miles (7,410 km²), of which 2,760 square miles (7,100 km²) is land and 100 square miles (260 km²) (3.5%) is water. ^[10] It is the largest county in North Dakota by area.

The McKenzie County landscape features a wide diversity of physical features, ranging from sugarbeet fields bordering the Missouri River at the northwest corner of the county to rugged badlands near the Little Missouri River in the south, where Theodore Roosevelt National Park and the Little Missouri National Grassland are located. Between the two rivers is a large area of prairie, ranging from gentle rolling terrain to rocky, rugged pastures. The southeast corner of the county, bordering on the Little Missouri badlands of neighboring Dunn County, is abundant in wildlife, quaking aspen groves, and bur oak groves, interspersed in places with western red cedar on the north-facing slopes of the badlands.

The southwestern corner counties of North Dakota (Adams, Billings, Bowman, Golden Valley, Grant, Hettinger, Slope, Stark) observe Mountain Time. The counties of McKenzie, Dunn, and Sioux are split between Mountain and Central Time.

Major highways

• U.S. Highway 85
• North Dakota Highway 22
• North Dakota Highway 23
• North Dakota Highway 58
• North Dakota Highway 68
• North Dakota Highway 73
• North Dakota Highway 200
• North Dakota Highway 1806

Adjacent counties

• Williams County - north (observes Central Time)
• Mountrail County - northeast (observes Central Time)
• Dunn County - southeast (observes Mountain Time in western section)
• Billings County - south (observes Mountain Time)
• Golden Valley County - southwest (observes Mountain Time)
• Wibaux County, Montana - west (observes Mountain Time)
• Richland County, Montana - northwest (observes Mountain Time)

Protected areas ^[8]

• Antelope Creek State Game Management Area
• Antelope Creek State Wildlife Refuge
• Bear Den Creek Public Use Area
• Little Missouri National Grassland (part)
• Maah Daah Hey Trail
• Theodore Roosevelt National Park (North Unit - contained within LM National Grassland)
• Tobacco Garden Creek State Game Management Area
• Tobacco Garden Creek Recreation Area

Lakes ^[8]

• Demicks Lake
• Lake Sakakawea
• Nohly Lake

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1910	5,720		—
1920	9,544		66.9%
1930	9,709		1.7%
1940	8,426		−13.2%
1950	6,849		−18.7%
1960	7,296		6.5%
1970	6,127		−16.0%
1980	7,132		16.4%
1990	6,383		−10.5%
2000	5,737		−10.1%
2010	6,360		10.9%
2020	14,704		131.2%
2023 (est.)	14,252	[11]	−3.1%
U.S. Decennial Census [12] 1790-1960 [13] 1900-1990 [14] 1990-2000 [15] 2010-2020 [1]

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 14,704 people, 5,416 households, and 3,519 families in the county. ^[16] The population density was 5.3 inhabitants per square mile (2.0/km²) There were 7,661 housing units.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 6,360 people, 2,410 households, and 1,682 families in the county. The population density was 2.30 people per square mile (0.89 people/km²). There were 3,090 housing units at an average density of 1.12 units per square mile (0.43/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 75.3% white, 22.2% American Indian, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% black or African American, 0.4% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.2% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 39.5% were Norwegian, 30.6% were German, 6.1% were Irish, and 0.7% were American.

Of the 2,410 households, 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.2% were non-families, and 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.06. The median age was 38.0 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $48,480 and the median income for a family was $58,906. Males had a median income of $42,803 versus $33,056 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,605. About 6.7% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

Population by decade

Communities

Cities

• Alexander
• Arnegard
• Watford City (county seat)

Census-designated places

• East Fairview
• Four Bears Village
• Mandaree

Unincorporated communities ^[8]

• Banks
• Cartwright
• Charbonneau
• Charlson
• Dore
• Grassy Butte
• Hawkeye
• Johnsons Corner (or Johnson Corner)
• Keene
• Kroff
• Rawson
• Schafer

Townships

• Alex
• Antelope Creek
• Arnegard
• Blue Butte
• Charbon
• Elm Tree
• Ellsworth
• Grail
• Hawkeye
• Keene
• Randolph
• Riverview
• Sioux
• Tri
• Twin Valley
• Yellowstone

Defunct Townships

Elk, Poe, and Wilbur townships merged January 1, 2002 to form Tri Township. ^[17]

Politics

McKenzie County voters have traditionally voted Republican. In only one national election since 1948 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate (as of 2020).

United States presidential election results for McKenzie County, North Dakota ^{[18] [19]}

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	4,482	82.71%	814	15.02%	123	2.27%
2016	3,670	78.55%	698	14.94%	304	6.51%
2012	2,458	71.23%	927	26.86%	66	1.91%
2008	1,740	64.09%	933	34.36%	42	1.55%
2004	1,897	68.68%	847	30.67%	18	0.65%
2000	1,634	69.12%	653	27.62%	77	3.26%
1996	1,338	49.50%	928	34.33%	437	16.17%
1992	1,324	42.85%	787	25.47%	979	31.68%
1988	1,949	59.91%	1,273	39.13%	31	0.95%
1984	2,610	71.96%	974	26.85%	43	1.19%
1980	2,265	67.25%	867	25.74%	236	7.01%
1976	1,595	53.56%	1,335	44.83%	48	1.61%
1972	1,913	65.87%	937	32.27%	54	1.86%
1968	1,625	59.63%	935	34.31%	165	6.06%
1964	1,352	46.02%	1,584	53.91%	2	0.07%
1960	1,715	53.08%	1,514	46.86%	2	0.06%
1956	1,609	53.15%	1,405	46.42%	13	0.43%
1952	2,260	71.70%	846	26.84%	46	1.46%
1948	1,168	45.08%	1,227	47.36%	196	7.56%
1944	1,241	43.35%	1,592	55.61%	30	1.05%
1940	1,563	38.63%	2,440	60.31%	43	1.06%
1936	570	14.66%	2,885	74.20%	433	11.14%
1932	710	20.02%	2,655	74.85%	182	5.13%
1928	2,100	61.14%	1,289	37.53%	46	1.34%
1924	1,113	38.14%	137	4.69%	1,668	57.16%
1920	2,587	79.50%	511	15.70%	156	4.79%
1916	1,394	45.16%	1,456	47.17%	237	7.68%
1912	285	27.54%	293	28.31%	457	44.15%
1908	574	68.41%	212	25.27%	53	6.32%

Education

School districts include: ^[20]

K-12:

• Alexander Public School District 2
• Mandaree Public School District 36
• McKenzie County Public School District 1
• New Town Public School District 1
• Williston Basin School District 7

Elementary:

• Earl Public School District 18
• Horse Creek Public School District 32
• Yellowstone Public School District 14

Former districts

• Grassy Butte District - Merged into the Killdeer district ^[21]
• Williston Public School District 1 - Merged into Williston Basin district in 2021 ^[22]

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in McKenzie County, North Dakota

47°44′N103°23′W / 47.73°N 103.39°W / 47.73; -103.39

References

1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. US Government Printing Office. p.  194.
4. "Dakota Territory, South Dakota, and North Dakota: Individual County Chronologies". Dakota Territory Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2006. Archived from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
5. "County History". Official Portal for North Dakota State Government. Archived from the original on February 2, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
6. "McKenzie County fastest growing county in the US". county.mckenziecounty.net. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
7. Smith, Mitch (August 12, 2021). "Oil turns a rural county in North Dakota into a boomtown". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved December 1, 2021.
8. "McKenzie County · North Dakota". Google Maps. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
9. ""Find an Altitude/McKenzie County ND" Google Maps (accessed February 26, 2019)". Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
10. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on January 29, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
11. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023" . Retrieved March 19, 2024.
12. "United States Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
13. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
14. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (April 20, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
15. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
16. "US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
17. Historical census data
18. Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
19. The leading "other" candidate, Progressive Theodore Roosevelt, received 228 votes, while Socialist candidate Eugene Debs received 219 votes, Prohibition candidate Eugene Chafin received 10 votes.
20. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: McKenzie County, ND" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 13, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2022. - Text list - The 2010 map (see text list) does not list Williston District 1 while the 2020 map does. The Williston 1 district merged into the Williston Basin district in 2021
21. Woodward, Curt (November 15, 2003). "Rural schools losing students". Bismarck Tribune . Retrieved August 14, 2021.
22. "Home". Williams County School District 8. Archived from the original on July 25, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2021.

External links

• McKenzie County Portal
• As the Sod Was Turned (Norma Berntson, 1959) from the Digital Horizons website
• McKenzie County maps, Sheet 1 (northeastern), Sheet 2 (northwestern), and Sheet 3 (southern), North Dakota DOT