List of impeachments of heads of state

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This is a list of formal impeachments, impeachment attempts or impeachment inquiries of presidents, or holders of other offices equivalent to a head of state.

Contents

Successful impeachments

Successful removal from office by legislature is indicated in bold:

NameCountryTitleDateCharge(s)Result
Pedro Castillo (2nd time)Flag of Peru.svg  Peru President December 7, 2022 Moral Incapacity Impeached and removed from office by the Congress of Peru with 101 votes in favor (with 87 required) on December 7, 2022, following Castillo's attempted dissolution of the Congress of Peru and formation of an emergency government, and call for a constitutional convention to write a new constitution. [1]
Pedro Castillo (1st time)Flag of Peru.svg  Peru President March 14, 2022 Moral Incapacity Impeached by the Congress of Peru on March 14, 2022. [2] Acquitted on March 28, 2022. [3]
Sebastián Piñera Flag of Chile.svg  Chile President November 9, 2021Openly infringing the Constitution and seriously compromising the honour of the nation [4] The Chamber of Deputies impeached Piñera by a razor-thin majority of 78 votes (out of 155). [5] Acquitted by the Senate on November 16, 2021. [6]
Ilir Meta Flag of Albania.svg  Albania President June 9, 2021Failing to guarantee national unity by backing the opposition in elections [7] Impeached by the Parliament; overturned by the Constitutional Court on 16 February 2022, ruling that the accusations against him did not violate the constitution. [8] [9] [10]
Donald Trump (2nd time)Flag of the United States.svg  United States President January 13, 2021 Incitement of insurrection Impeached by the United States House of Representatives; [11] acquitted by the United States Senate on February 13, 2021. [12] The impeachment article was passed a week before Trump's planned departure from office and his term expired before the Article of Impeachment was delivered to the Senate to allow his trial to begin.
Martín Vizcarra (2nd time)Flag of Peru.svg  Peru President November 2, 2020 Moral Incapacity Impeached by the Congress of Peru on November 2, 2020. Convicted and removed from the presidency on November 9, 2020, by a supermajority vote. Succeeded in office by the President of Congress, Manuel Merino, through constitutional succession. [13] [14] Merino would only serve six days, leaving office amidst mass public outcry and the killing of protesters.
Martín Vizcarra (1st time)Flag of Peru.svg  Peru President September 11, 2020 Moral Incapacity Impeached by the Congress of Peru on September 11, 2020. Acquitted on September 18, 2020.
Donald Trump (1st time)Flag of the United States.svg  United States President December 18, 2019 Abuse of power, obstruction of Congress Impeached by the United States House of Representatives; [15] acquitted by the United States Senate on February 5, 2020. [16]
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (2nd time)Flag of Peru.svg  Peru President March 15, 2018 Moral Incapacity [17] Impeached by the Congress of Peru on March 15, 2018. Resigned from the presidency on March 21, 2018. Resignation accepted by Congress on March 23, 2018.
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (1st time)Flag of Peru.svg  Peru President December 15, 2017 Moral Incapacity [18] Impeached by the Congress of Peru on December 15, 2017. Acquitted on December 21, 2017.
Park Geun-hye Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea President December 9, 2016Abuse of powerImpeached by the National Assembly; removed by the Constitutional Court on March 10, 2017. Hwang Kyo-ahn served as acting president during the impeachment. [19]
Dilma Rousseff Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil President April 17, 2016Violation of budgetary lawsSuspended from presidential powers and duties on May 12, 2016; removed from office by the Federal Senate on August 31, 2016. First female president to be impeached. Succeeded in office by vice president Michel Temer. [20]
Viktor Yanukovych Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine President February 21, 2014 Treason The impeachment procedure stipulated by the Constitution of Ukraine was not followed. Fled the country following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. Succeeded in office by parliament speaker Oleksandr Turchynov as acting president. [21]
Václav Klaus Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic President March 4, 2013TreasonImpeached by the Senate, but rejected as moot by the Constitutional Court as his term in office had expired. [22]
Fernando Lugo Flag of Paraguay (1990-2013).svg  Paraguay President June 21, 2012 Nepotism, insecurity, improper land purchaseRemoved from office by the Senate on June 22, 2012; succeeded in office by vice president Federico Franco. [23]
Rolandas Paksas Flag of Lithuania (1988-2004).svg  Lithuania President March 31, 2004Interfering in a privatization transaction, leaking classified informationRemoved by the Seimas on April 6, 2004. Succeeded in office by parliament speaker Artūras Paulauskas as acting president. [24]
Roh Moo-hyun Flag of South Korea (1997-2011).svg  South Korea President March 12, 2004Election law violationsImpeached by the National Assembly; reinstated by the Constitutional Court on May 14, 2004. [25] Goh Kun served as acting president during the impeachment.
Abdurrahman Wahid Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia President July 23, 2001 Attempting to dissolve Parliament Removed by the People's Consultative Assembly. Succeeded in office by vice president Megawati Sukarnoputri. [26]
Alberto Fujimori Flag of Peru.svg  Peru President November 22, 2000Murder, bodily harm, two counts of kidnappingFujimori announced his resignation on November 17, 2000. The resignation was rejected by the Congress of Peru, who voted to remove him from office four days later. Succeeded in office by Congress President Valentín Paniagua as constitutional president. [27] Was arrested in 2005 after years in exile, then pardoned by Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2017 but the pardon was overturned by the Supreme Court in 2018.
Joseph Estrada Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines President November 13, 2000CorruptionImpeached by the House of Representatives of the Philippines; case went to impeachment trial at the Senate but the trial was aborted. Declared his resignation on January 20, 2001. Succeeded in office by vice president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. [28]
Bill Clinton Flag of the United States.svg  United States President December 19, 1998 Perjury, obstruction of justice Impeached by the United States House of Representatives; acquitted by the United States Senate on February 12, 1999. [29]
Boris Yeltsin Flag of Russia (1991-1993).svg  Russia President September 22, 1993Violation of the ConstitutionRetained post after an armed standoff with the Supreme Council. [30]
Carlos Andrés Pérez Flag of Venezuela (1954-2006).svg  Venezuela President March 20, 1993EmbezzlementFound guilty by the Supreme Court of Venezuela on May 21, 1993; removed by Venezuelan National Congress on August 31, 1993. Succeeded in office by congress president Octavio Lepage as provisional president. [31]
Abolhassan Banisadr Flag of Iran.svg  Iran President June 20, 1981Anti-revolutionary conduct, ties to political-militant organisations such as MEK Removed by Ayatollah Khomeini. Succeeded in office by the Provisional Presidential Council. [32]
Sukarno Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia President March 12, 1967Allegation of masterminding the 30 September Movement coup against himselfRemoved by MPRS. Succeeded in office by chairman of cabinet presidium General Suharto as acting president and later full president. [33]
Café Filho Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil President November 19, 1955 Coup d'état attempt to prevent Juscelino Kubitschek from taking office, leaving the presidency to Carlos Luz purposefullyBarred from resuming the powers of presidency, after a self-declared incapacity on 8 November 1955, by the Federal Senate on November 22, 1955. The process occurred during the government of Nereu Ramos. [34] [35] [36]
Carlos Luz Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil President November 11, 1955 Coup d'état attempt to prevent Juscelino Kubtschek from taking officeRemoved from office by the Federal Senate on November 11, 1955. The impeachment process occurred in one day. Succeeded by president of Federal Senate Nereu Ramos. [37] [38]
Andrew Johnson Flag of the United States (1867-1877).svg  United States President February 24, 1868Violating the Tenure of Office Act Impeached by the United States House of Representatives; acquitted by the United States Senate on May 26, 1868. [39] [38]

Resigned during the impeachment attempt

NameCountryTitleDateResult
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (2nd time)Flag of Peru.svg  Peru President March 21, 2018Impeachment proceedings passed by congress. President resigned before scheduled trial vote. [18]
Robert Mugabe Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe President November 21, 2017 Resigned before formal vote. [40] [41]
Pervez Musharraf Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan President August 18, 2008 Resigned before formal vote. [42] Was convicted in absentia in 2019 and sentenced to death. [43]
Fernando Collor de Mello Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil President September 1, 1992Resigned from office on December 29, 1992. Succeeded in office by vice president Itamar Franco. [44]
Giovanni Leone Flag of Italy.svg  Italy President June 15, 1978 Resigned before formal vote. [45]
Richard Nixon Flag of the United States.svg  United States President August 9, 1974 Resigned before formal vote. [46] Was later pardoned by Gerald Ford. [47]

Fled the country during the impeachment attempt

NameCountryTitleDateResult
Viktor Yanukovych Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine President February 21, 2014The impeachment procedure stipulated by the Constitution of Ukraine was not followed. Fled the country following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. Succeeded in office by parliament speaker Oleksandr Turchynov as acting president. [48]

Failed impeachment attempts

NameCountryTitleDateResult
Pedro Castillo Flag of Peru.svg  Peru President December 7, 2021Vote for impeachment proceedings failed with Congress of Peru voting 46 for impeachment proceedings out of 52 votes needed. Exactly a year later, on December 7, 2022, Castillo was successfully impeached and removed following Castillo's 2022 self-coup attempt. [49]
Ilir Meta Flag of Albania.svg  Albania President July 27, 2020The Albanian Parliament voted against Meta's impeachment over his unsuccessful attempt to cancel the 2019 local elections. [50]
Sebastián Piñera Flag of Chile.svg  Chile President December 12, 2019The National Congress rejected a motion to impeach Piñera for failure to protect human rights, finding that it did not meet the constitutional threshold for impeachment. [51]
Martín Vizcarra Flag of Peru.svg  Peru President October 1, 2019The Congress of Peru attempted to impeach and remove Vizcarra after the Peruvian president ordered the dissolution of congress as part of the 2019 Peruvian constitutional crisis. The vote was deemed illegitimate. [52]
Miloš Zeman Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic President September 26, 2019Not passed [53]
Michel Temer Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil President June 9, 2017 Dismissed by the Superior Electoral Court. [54]
Rodrigo Duterte Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines President March 16, 2017The House Justice Committee threw out the charge by unanimous vote. [55]
Jacob Zuma Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa President April 5, 2016Not passed [56]
Benigno Aquino III Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines President July 21, 2014The House Justice Committee threw out the charges by a vote of 54–4. [57] [58]
Giorgio Napolitano Flag of Italy.svg  Italy President February 11, 2014Not passed [45] [59]
Traian Băsescu Flag of Romania.svg  Romania President July 29, 2012Not passed [60]
Barack Obama Flag of the United States.svg  United States President March 7, 2012 Resolution referred to committee, no further action taken [61]
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines President November 26, 2008The House Justice Committee threw out the charges by a vote of 42–8. [62]
George W. Bush Flag of the United States.svg  United States President June 11, 2008 Resolution referred to committee, no further action taken [63]
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines President November 26, 2007Rejected by the House of Representatives of the Philippines through a vote of 184–1. [62] [64]
Traian Băsescu Flag of Romania.svg  Romania President April 19, 2007Not passed [65]
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines President August 24, 2006Rejected by the House of Representatives of the Philippines through a vote of 173–32. [62] [66]
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines President August 30, 2005The House Justice Committee threw out the charges. [62] [67]
Roh Moo-hyun Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea President May 14, 2004Not passed in assembly [30]
Boris Yeltsin Flag of Russia.svg  Russia President May 15, 1999Not passed [30]
Boris YeltsinFlag of Russia (1991-1993).svg  Russia PresidentMarch 28, 1993Not passed [30]
Francesco Cossiga Flag of Italy.svg  Italy President December 7, 1991Not passed [45]
Getúlio Vargas Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil President June 16, 1954Rejected by the Chamber of Deputies through a vote of 136–35. [68] [69] [70]
Andrew Johnson Flag of the United States (1867-1877).svg  United States President December 7, 1867Impeachment resolution rejected by the United States House of Representatives 57–108. [71] [72] Johnson later separately impeached in February 1868, but acquitted in impeachment trial.
James Buchanan Flag of the United States (1859-1861).svg  United States President June 16, 1860 Committee found that nothing had been done to warrant impeachment. [73]
John Tyler Flag of the United States (1848-1851).svg  United States President January 10, 1843Impeachment resolution rejected by the United States House of Representatives 127–83. [74]

See also

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References

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  4. ↑ "Chile's Sebastián Piñera faces impeachment bid after Pandora Papers". BBC News . October 13, 2021.
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  6. ↑ "Senadores rechazan acusación constitucional en contra del Presidente Piñera al no alcanzar el quórum necesario". emol.com (in Spanish). November 16, 2021.
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  30. 1 2 3 4 Sokolov, Mikhail; Kirilenko, Anastasia (October 4, 2013). "20 Years Ago, Russia Had Its Biggest Political Crisis Since the Bolshevik Revolution". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
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  32. ↑ "Iran Parliament Finds Bani-Sadr Unfit for Office". The New York Times. June 22, 1981. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  33. ↑ McDonald, Hamish (1980). Suharto's Indonesia. Fontana Books. p. 60. ISBN   0-00-635721-0.
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  35. ↑ "Dois presidentes do Brasil sofreram impeachment em 1955". Senado Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved June 14, 2020.
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  40. ↑ "Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe resigns, ending 37-year rule". BBC News. November 21, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  41. ↑ "Robert Mugabe impeachment: Zimbabwe parliament begins process to remove President after decades in power". The Independent. November 21, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  42. ↑ "Pervez Musharraf resigns as president of Pakistan". The Guardian. August 18, 2008. Archived from the original on October 6, 2019. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  43. ↑ "Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan's fugitive ex-leader: Profile". aljazeera.com. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
  44. ↑ Atwood, Roger (September 30, 1992). "Brazil's MPs vote to impeach Collor". The Independent . Reuters. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
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