This article contains a list of knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Year of induction | Name | Born | Died | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | Friedrich, Duke of Württemberg | 1961 | 2018 | Son of Carl, Duke of Württemberg |
Georg Adam Starhemberg | 1961 | Since 1997 Head of the House of Starhemberg | ||
Bernard Guerrier de Dumast | 1932 | 2019 | ||
2002 | Alexander Schönburg-Hartenstein | 1930 | 2018 | Since 1992 Head of the House of Schönburg-Hartenstein |
Kubrat, Prince of Panagyurishte and Duke of Saxony | 1965 | 3rd Son of Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria | ||
2004 | Friedrich Mayr-Melnhof | 1924 | 2020 | |
2006 | Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg | 1955 | Son of Jean | |
2008 | Prince Philippe, Duke of Brabant | 1960 | - | later King Philippe of the Belgians. Mentioned in his biography in the "Biographical Manual" (2007), an official publication of the Belgian Senate |
2011 | Michel, 14th Prince of Ligne | 1951 | - | |
Prince Charles-Louis de Merode | 1948 | - | ||
Ferdinand Zvonimir von Habsburg | 1997 | - | son and heir of Archduke Karl of Austria, Head of the House of Habsburg and Sovereign of the Order | |
Prince Michael of Liechtenstein | 1951 | - | ||
Fra' Robert Matthew Festing, 79th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta | 1949 | 2021 | Monarch until 2017 | |
Maximilian Turnauer | 1930 | 2020 | ||
Peter Seilern-Aspang | 1952 | - | ||
Alexander von Sachsen, Margrave of Meissen | 1953 | - | ||
Dominic of Austria-Tuscany | 1937 | - | son of Archduke Anton of Austria-Tuscany | |
Ferdinand Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg | 1950 | - | Austrian ambassador in Prague | |
Prospero Colonna, Prince of Avella | 1956 | - | ||
Prince Nikolaus of Liechtenstein | 1947 | - | son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein | |
Georg von Károlyi | 1946 | - | ||
Victor Freiherr von Baillou | 1931 | - | son-in-law of Archduke Anton of Austria-Tuscany since 1973 | |
2016 | Eduard of Habsburg-Lorraine | 1967 | - | great-grandson of Archduke Joseph August of Austria |
Emanuel Salm-Salm | 1961 | - | ||
Johannes Trapp von Matsch | 1946 | - |
Year of induction | Name | Born | Died | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1809 | Jérôme Bonaparte, king of Westphalia | 1784 | 1860 | |
1810 | Miguel José de Azanza, 1st Duke (Josephine) of Santa Fe | 1744 | 1826 | Viceroy of New Spain (1798–1800) |
Manuel de Negrete, 2nd count of Campo Alange, 1st marquess de Torre-Manzanal, 1st duke (Josephine) de Campo de Alange [ es ] | 1736 | 1818 | ||
1811 | José de Mazarredo Salazar Muñatones y Gortázar | 1745 | 1812 | Lieutenant General of the Royal Spanish Navy |
1812 | Gonzalo O'Farrill y Herrera | 1754 | 1831 | |
Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Murga | 1769 | 1817 | Secretary of State (1798–1800). Minister-Secretary of State (1808–1813) |
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On 29 June 1943 Archduke Karl Pius of Austria, Prince of Tuscany issued a manifesto in which he claimed to be the legitimate successor to the Spanish throne. At the time, he had three older brothers still living, but none of these had shown an interest in claiming the throne for himself. In 1947 Karl's older brothers Leopold and Franz Josef formally renounced their rights in New York. In 1948 his other brother Anton verbally renounced his rights in Barcelona. (Both Anton and Franz Josef would take up the claim after Karl died, and Anton's son Dominic is the current claimant.)
Karl was recognised by his supporters as Carlos VIII; his movement is therefore called carloctavismo or octavismo. He used the title Duke of Madrid as his grandfather had done. Karl received the support of some of the most conservative Carlist leaders. He also received a certain level of support from some of General Franco's officials in the Movimiento Nacional; the followers of the Carlist regent Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma claimed that the Francoist support was merely an attempt to divide Carlists. Karl moved to Andorra and then returned to Barcelona. Between 1944 and 1951 he gave out fourteen titles of nobility; he also named members to the Order of Proscribed Legitimacy and the Order of Santa Maria of the Lily of Navarre. He established a new order of merit named in honour of Saint Charles Borromeo. In 1952 he awarded the collar of this order to General Franco and the grand cross of the order to Cardinal Federico Tedeschini, papal legate to the International Eucharistic Congress in Barcelona.
Since Karl claimed to be the legitimate successor to the Spanish throne Carloctavismo also has its own branch of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece. For a list of the Knights of the Carloctaviste branch of the Spanish Golden Fleece (1943 to present) see fr:Liste des chevaliers de l'ordre de la Toison d'or#Ordre carloctaviste de la Toison d'Or
On 15 August 1809, Napoleon Bonaparte planned the creation of a new order which would receive the name of Ordre des Trois Toisons d'Or (Order of the Three Golden Fleece). It was planned to merge the Spanish and Austrian branches and to extend the order to France, and to reflect this merger in a design made up of three copies of the golden fleece of the pre-existing orders, in which design would also be shown the French Imperial (Napoleonic) Eagle. It was projected that the order would count a maximum of 100 Grand Knights, and would include two new categories of 400 Commanders and 1000 Knights. However Napoleon's project never materialized. [26]
Alfonso XII, also known as El Pacificador, was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885.
Ferdinand VII was King of Spain during the early 19th century. He reigned briefly in 1808 and then again from 1813 to his death in 1833. Before 1813 he was known as el Deseado, and after, as el Rey Felón.
Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, was a claimant to the Spanish throne as Juan III. He was the third son and designated heir of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and Queen Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg. His father was replaced by the Second Spanish Republic in 1931. Juan's son Juan Carlos I became king when Spain's constitutional monarchy was restored in 1975.
Carlism is a Traditionalist and Legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon dynasty, one descended from Don Carlos, Count of Molina (1788–1855), on the Spanish throne.
The Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece is a Catholic order of chivalry founded in 1430 in Bruges by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to celebrate his marriage to Isabella of Portugal. Today, two branches of the order exist, namely the Spanish Fleece and the Austrian Fleece; the current grand masters are King Felipe VI of Spain and Karl von Habsburg, head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, respectively. The Grand Chaplain of the Austrian branch is Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, Archbishop of Vienna.
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840, the first of three Carlist Wars. It was fought between two factions over the succession to the throne and the nature of the Spanish monarchy: the conservative and devolutionist supporters of the late king's brother, Carlos de Borbón, became known as Carlists (carlistas), while the progressive and centralist supporters of the regent, Maria Christina, acting for Isabella II of Spain, were called Liberals (liberales), cristinos or isabelinos. Aside from being a war of succession about the question who the rightful successor to King Ferdinand VII of Spain was, the Carlists' goal was the return to a traditional monarchy, while the Liberals sought to defend the constitutional monarchy.
Prince Maximilian of Saxony was a German prince and a member of the House of Wettin. He was the sixth child; however, the third child to survive childhood, and youngest surviving son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, and the German composer Duchess Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria.
Infante Jaime of Spain, Duke of Segovia was the second son of Alfonso XIII, King of Spain and his wife Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg. He was born in the Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso in Province of Segovia, and was consequently granted the non-substantive title of "Duke of Segovia". Upon his father's death in 1941, Jaime inherited the Legitimist claim to the French throne and thereafter used the courtesy title "Duke of Anjou".
Archduke Karl Pius of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, Prince of Tuscany, known as Carlos Pío de Habsburgo-Lorena y de Borbón in Spanish, was a member of the Tuscan branch of the Imperial House of Habsburg and a Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the assumed name of "Carlos VIII". He was the tenth and youngest child of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany and Infanta Blanca of Spain.
Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria, later known as Ferdinand Burg was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
This is a list of some of the modern orders, decorations and medals of Spain.
Peter V, nicknamed "the Hopeful", was King of Portugal from 1853 to 1861 as well as a German prince of the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Joaquín Llorens y Fernández de Córdoba was a Spanish Carlist soldier and politician. He is known as the longest serving Carlist deputy, the longest continuously serving Carlist deputy, and the most-elected Carlist deputy. He is also recognized for turning Requeté from a vague youth organization into a military force.
Carloctavismo is a branch of Carlism, particularly active in the 1943–1953 period. In terms of dynastical allegiances it advanced the claim to the Spanish throne of Carlos Pio de Habsburgo-Lorena y de Borbón, styled as Carlos VIII, and his relatives. In terms of political line it collaborated very closely with Francoism.
Jesús de Cora y Lira, 1st Count of Cora y Lira (1890–1969) was a Spanish soldier and a Carlist politician. In the navy juridical arm he rose to general auditor, a rank equivalent to counter-admiral. He is known mostly as political leader of Carloctavismo, a branch of Carlism which during early Francoism advocated a claim to the Spanish throne raised by Carlos Pio Habsburgo-Lorena y Borbón.
José López Domínguez, was a Spanish military officer and politician who was prime minister of Spain between 6 July and 30 November 1906.
Melchor Ferrer Dalmau (1888–1965) was a Spanish historian and a Carlist militant. He is known mostly as principal author of a massive, 30-volume series titled Historia del tradicionalismo español, considered fundamental work of reference for any student of Carlism. Ferrer is recognized also as "periodista" (journalist), chief editor of a national and a few local traditionalist dailies and contributor to a number of others. Politically he maintained a low profile, though periodically he was member of the party executive, and during internal party strife of the early 1960s his support might have tipped the balance in favor of the progressist faction.
Nicolás Cotoner y Cotoner, 23rd Marquess of Mondéjar, 24th Count of Tendilla, 7th Marquess of Ariany, GE, was a Spanish nobleman and military officer, head of the Royal Household of Spain under Juan Carlos I, from 1975 to 1990.
Carlo-francoism was a branch of Carlism which actively engaged in the regime of Francisco Franco. Though mainstream Carlism retained an independent stand, many Carlist militants on their own assumed various roles in the Francoist system, e.g. as members of the FET y de las JONS executive, Cortes procuradores, or civil governors. The Traditionalist political faction of the Francoist regime issued from Carlism particularly held tight control over the Ministry of Justice. They have never formed an organized structure, their dynastical allegiances remained heterogeneous and their specific political objectives might have differed. Within the Francoist power strata, the carlo-francoists remained a minority faction that controlled some 5% of key posts; they failed to shape the regime and at best served as counter-balance to other groupings competing for power.