Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)

Last updated

Middlesex
Former county constituency
for the House of Commons
1265–1885
Seatstwo
Replaced by Brentford, Ealing, Enfield, Hampstead, Harrow, Hornsey, Tottenham and Uxbridge
During its existence contributed to new seat(s) of: City of London (1298)

Westminster (1545)

Finsbury, Marylebone and Tower Hamlets (1832)

Contents

Hackney (from the Tower Hamlets constituency) (1867) Chelsea (1867) (directly)

Middlesex was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, then of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until abolished in 1885. It returned two members per election by various voting systems including hustings.

Boundaries and boundary changes

Soliciting Votes by William Hogarth, of Chiswick, Middlesex, 1754. William Hogarth - Soliciting Votes - WGA11457.jpg
Soliciting Votes by William Hogarth, of Chiswick, Middlesex, 1754.
Map of Middlesex, drawn by Thomas Kitchin, geographer 1769 (with some towns not in the county i.e. south of the river or outside of the dashed line). It has a heading of Remarks that mentions 2 seats of Westminster and 4 of the City of London Map of Middlesex, drawn by Thomas Kitchin, geographer, 1769.jpg
Map of Middlesex, drawn by Thomas Kitchin, geographer 1769 (with some towns not in the county i.e. south of the river or outside of the dashed line). It has a heading of Remarks that mentions 2 seats of Westminster and 4 of the City of London
Map of the seven single-MP county constituencies created by subdivision of the final version of the seat which existed between 1867 and 1885 and returned two MPs. Brentford division is highlighted which was named after the town where the hustings took place after 1700. Brentford1885.png
Map of the seven single-MP county constituencies created by subdivision of the final version of the seat which existed between 1867 and 1885 and returned two MPs. Brentford division is highlighted which was named after the town where the hustings took place after 1700.

This county constituency until 1832 covered all the historic county of Middlesex, in south-eastern England, comprising Spelthorne, Poyle, South Mimms and Potters Bar in other modern counties, together with the north, west, and north-west sectors of the present-day Greater London. Apart from the ability of some voters to participate in the borough franchises of the cities of London and Westminster (after dates of their inception, see top right or below), it gave rise to three more urban offshoot divisions in 1832, one of which was split in two at the next national review or reform, in 1868. Its southern boundary was the River Thames.

The county seat returned two Members of Parliament (sometimes referred to by the medieval term of knights of the shire). The place of election for the county was until 1700 at Hampstead Heath, thereafter at The Butts in the town centre of Brentford. [1] Hustings were typically over a period of a fortnight when candidates set out their stall, and visible bribery had become not uncommon in closer contests around the country in such larger seats at the time, inspiring William Hogarth’s series of four pictures titled ‘Four Prints of An Election’ (when printed). [1]

Until 1832 the county franchise was limited to forty shilling freeholders. The decrease in the value of money due to inflation and the expansion of the wealth and population as the urbanised area in the east around London and Westminster grew contributed to gradually expanding the electorate. The county was estimated by Henning to have about 1,660 voters in 1681. Sedgwick estimated about 3,000 in the 1715–54 period. Namier and Brook suggested there were about 3,500 in 1754–90. The number had reached about 6,000 by 1790–1820, according to Thorne. Close elections between popular candidates would therefore be expensive - the worth of being a local magistrate, major landowner or other dignitary carrying little weight among such a generally urban and numerous upper-middle class forming the bulk of the electorate.

For subsequent changes in the franchise see Reform Act 1832 and Reform Act 1867. From 1832 voters were registered; the size of the electorate is shown below.

The geographic county until 1885 also contained the borough constituencies of City of London (first recorded as having its extraordinary four members from 1298) and Westminster (enfranchised with two members from 1545). In 1832 three two-seat Boroughs were added (or enfranchised): Finsbury, Marylebone, and Tower Hamlets. In 1867 two new parliamentary boroughs each returning two MPs were constituted: 'Hackney' (St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, St Matthew's Bethnal Green and St John's Hackney) formerly represented in borough elections via Tower Hamlets and 'Chelsea' (parishes of Chelsea, Kensington, Hammersmith and Fulham). [2] The single-member non-territorial University constituency of London University (1868–1950) was somewhat connected to the county by having most of its graduates eligible to vote.

Possession of a county electoral qualification, deriving from owning various types of property or having ecclesiastical 'offices' (controversially and sporadically defined) in an area not otherwise represented, conferred the right to vote in the county elections.

An 1885 redistribution of seats saw Middlesex and its early breakaway seats in and around the City reformed under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 reflecting the wider electorate of the Reform Act 1884 and need to 'liberate' boroughs, i.e. urban areas without properly apportioned representation:

Local government bodies

In 1889 the 40 urban constituencies that comprised the south-eastern part fell into (for local government) a County of London save for the much smaller City of London which remained a separate quasi-county and legal jurisdiction. The seven county divisions (constituencies) in the north and west of the historic county came under a new local government body, the administrative county of Middlesex. Both counties were also known by their governing bodies' name, County Councils (abbreviated to LCC and MCC). The seven successor seats were Brentford, Ealing, Enfield, Harrow, Hornsey, Tottenham and Uxbridge. These (and numerous later successor seats) had MCC local governance until its abolition in 1965.

Members of Parliament

Preliminary note: The English civil year started on Lady Day, 25 March, until 1752 (Scotland having changed to 1 January in 1600). The year used in the lists of Parliaments in this article have been converted to the new style where necessary. Old style dates for days between 1 January and 24 March actually referred to days after 31 December. No attempt has been made to compensate for the eleven days which did not occur in September 1752 in both England and Scotland as well as other British controlled territories (when the day after 2 September was 14 September), so as to bring the British Empire fully in line with the Gregorian calendar.

Constituency created (1265): See Montfort's Parliament for further details. Knights of the shire are known to have been summoned to most Parliaments from 1290 (19th Parliament of King Edward I of England) and to every one from 1320 (19th Parliament of King Edward II of England).

Knights of the shire 1265–1660

Some of the members elected during this period have been identified, but this list does not include Parliaments where no member has been identified before the reign of King Henry VIII. In the list (as opposed to the table below) the year given is for the first meeting of the Parliament, with the month added where there was more than one Parliament in the year. If a second year is given this is a date of dissolution. Early Parliaments usually only existed for a few days or weeks, so dissolutions in the same year as the first meeting are not recorded in this list If a specific date of election is known this is recorded in italic brackets. The Roman numerals in brackets, following some names, are those used to distinguish different politicians of the same name in 'The House of Commons' 1509-1558 and 1558–1603.

In this period, Parliament was not an institution with a regular pattern of elections and sittings. Therefore, a separate entry is made for each Parliament, even if the same Knight of the Shire served in successive Parliaments.

List of known Knights of the Shire before 1509

ParliamentFirst memberSecond member
1295 (Nov) William de Brook Stephen de Gravesend
1296 Richard de Wyndesor Richard le Rous
1297 (Oct) Richard le Rous  ?
1298 (Mar) Richard le Rous  ?
1298 (May) Richard le Rous  ?
1300 Richard le Rous  ?
1301 Richard le Rous  ?
1302 (Oct) Richard le Rous  ?
1305 (Feb) Richard le Rous  ?
1306 Richard le Rous  ?
1386 Sir Adam Francis William Swanland [3]
1388 (Feb) Sir Adam Francis William Swanland [3]
1388 (Sep) William Barnville Godfrey Atte Perry [3]
1390 (Jan) John Shorditch I Thomas Coningsby [3]
1390 (Nov) John Shorditch I Sir Adam Francis [3]
1391 Thomas Bray William Norton [3]
1393 William Tamworth Thomas Maidstone [3]
1394 John Shorditch II James Ormesby [3]
1395 John Shorditch II Thomas Coningsby [3]
1397 (Jan) Thomas Goodlake Thomas Maidstone [3]
1397 (Sep) Sir Adam Francis Sir John Wroth [3]
1399 John Durham Thomas Maidstone [3]
1401 William Loveney Sir John Wroth [3]
1402 James Northampton Thomas Coningsby [3]
1404 (Jan) William Wroth Sir John Wroth [3]
1404 (Oct) Sir Roger Strange William Powe [3]
1406 Henry Somer Sir John Wroth [3]
1407 Henry Somer William Loveney [3]
1410
1411 Sir Adam Francis Sir Roger Strange [3]
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May) William Loveney Richard Wyot [3]
1414 (Apr) Simon Camp Walter Green [3]
1414 (Nov) Thomas Charlton John Walden [3]
1415 Simon Camp Thomas Coningsby [3]
1416 (Mar)
1416 (Oct) Henry Somer Walter Gawtron [3]
1419 Thomas Frowyk Thomas Coningsby [3]
1420 Sir John Boys Walter Green [3]
1421 (May) Henry Somer Sir Thomas Charlton [3]
1421 (Dec) Richard Maidstone Edmund Bibbesworth [3]
1429 Henry Somer
1442 Thomas Charlton [4] John Somerset
1447 Thomas Charlton [4]
1449 Thomas Charlton [4]
1453 Thomas Charlton [4]
1459 Sir Thomas Charlton [4]
1460 Sir Thomas Charlton [4]
1491 Sir Thomas Lovell [5]

Table of Knights of the Shire 1509-1660

SummonedElectedAssembledDissolvedFirst MemberSecond Member
17 October 15091509–1021 January 151023 February 1510 Sir Thomas Lovell (I)unknown
28 November 15111511–124 February 15124 March 1514unknownunknown
23 November 15141514–155 February 151522 December 1515unknownunknown
unknown152315 April 152313 August 1523 Sir Thomas More (I) aunknown
9 August 152915293 November 152914 April 1536 Robert Wroth b Richard Hawkes c
27 April 153615368 June 153618 July 1536unknownunknown
1 March 1539153928 April 153924 July 1540 Sir Ralph Sadler Robert Cheeseman
23 November 15411541–4216 January 154228 March 1544 Robert Cheeseman John Hughes d
1 December 15441544–4523 November 154531 January 1547 Sir William Paget Thomas Wroth
2 August 154715474 November 154715 April 1552 Sir Thomas Wroth John Newdigate
5 January 155315531 March 155331 March 1553 Sir Robert Bowes Sir Thomas Wroth
14 August 155315535 October 15535 December 1553 Sir Edward Hastings John Newdigate
17 February 155415542 April 15543 May 1554 Sir Edward Hastings John Newdigate
3 October 1554155412 November 155416 January 1555 Sir Edward Hastings Sir Roger Cholmley
3 September 1555155521 October 15559 December 1555 Sir Edward Hastings Sir Roger Cholmley
6 December 15571557–5820 January 155817 November 1558 Sir Roger Cholmley John Newdigate
5 December 155829 December 155823 January 15598 May 1559 Sir Roger Cholmley Sir Thomas Wroth
10 November 15621562–6311 January 15632 January 1567 Sir William Cordell Sir Thomas Wroth
unknown15712 April 157129 May 1571 Francis Newdigate John Newdigate
28 March 157215728 May 157219 April 1583 Robert Wroth (I) Sir Owen Hopton
12 October 1584158423 November 158414 September 1585 Robert Wroth (I) Sir Owen Hopton
15 September 1586158615 October 158623 March 1587 Robert Wroth (I) William Fleetwood (III)
18 September 158819 December 15884 February 158929 March 1589 Robert Wroth (I) William Fleetwood (III)
4 January 1593159318 February 159310 April 1593 Robert Wroth (I) Francis Bacon
23 August 159715 September 159724 October 15979 February 1598 Sir Robert Wroth (I) Sir John Peyton (I)
11 September 16018 October 160127 October 160119 December 1601 Sir John Fortescue (I) Sir Robert Wroth (I)
31 January 1604160419 March 16049 February 1611 Sir William Fleetwood Sir Robert Wroth
unknown16145 April 16147 June 1614 Sir Julius Caesar Sir Thomas Lake
13 November 16201620–2116 January 16218 February 1622 Sir Francis Darcy Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt
20 December 16231623–2412 February 162427 March 1625 Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt Sir John Suckling
2 April 1625162517 May 162512 August 1625 Sir John Francklyn Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt
20 December 162516266 February 162615 June 1626 Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt Sir Edward Spencer
31 January 1628162817 March 162810 March 1629 Sir Francis Darcy Sir Henry Spiller
1629–1640No Parliaments summoned
20 February 1640164013 April 16405 May 1640 Sir John Francklyn Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt
24 September 164016403 November 164016 March 1660 e Sir John Francklyn f Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bt g
18 May 1648 Sir Edward Spencer h

Notes:-

Table of Members of the Commonwealth Parliaments 1653-1659

The county had three nominated members in the Barebones Parliament, four representatives in the First and Second and the usual two in the Third of the Protectorate Parliaments

SummonedElectedAssembledDissolvedFirst memberSecond memberThird memberFourth member
4 July 165312 December 1653 Sir William Roberts Augustine Wingfield Arthur Squib
1 June 165416543 September 165422 January 1655 Sir James Harrington, Bt Sir William Roberts Josiah Berners Edmund Harvey
10 July 1656165617 September 16564 February 1658 Sir John Barkstead Sir William Roberts Chaloner Chute William Kiffen
9 December 16581658–5927 January 165922 April 1659 Francis Gerard Chaloner Chute

Knights of the shire 1660–1885

Year1st Member1st Party2nd Member2nd Party
1660 Sir Lancelot Lake Non Partisan Sir William Waller Non Partisan
1661 Sir Thomas Allen Non Partisan
1679 Sir Robert Peyton Non Partisan Sir William Roberts, Bt Non Partisan
1681 Robert Atkyns Non Partisan
1681 Nicholas Raynton Non Partisan
1685 Sir Charles Gerard, Bt Non Partisan Ralph Hawtrey Non Partisan
1695 Edward Russell Non Partisan Sir John Wolstenholme, Bt Non Partisan
1696 Sir John Bucknall Non Partisan
1698 Warwick Lake Non Partisan
1701 Hugh Smithson Tory
1701 John Austen Whig
1702 Hugh Smithson Tory
1705 Scorie Barker Non Partisan Sir John Wolstenholme, Bt Non Partisan
1709 John Austen Whig
1710 Hon. James Bertie Tory Hugh Smithson Tory
1722 Sir John Austen, Bt. Whig
1727 Sir Francis Child Tory
1734 William Pulteney Whig
1740 Sir Hugh Smithson, Bt
(later Sir Hugh Percy, Bt)a
Tory
1742 Sir Roger Newdigate, Bt Tory
1747 Sir William Beauchamp-Proctor, Bt Whig Whig
1750 George Cooke Tory
1768 John Wilkes Radical
1768 John Glynn Whig [6]
1769 (Feb)
1769 (Mar)
1769 (Apr) Henry Luttrell Tory [6]
1774 John Wilkes Radical [6]
1779 Thomas Wood Whig
1780 George Byng Whig [6]
1784 William Mainwaring Tory [6]
1790 George Byng Whig [6] [7]
1802 Sir Francis Burdett, Bt Whig [6]
1804 George Boulton Mainwaring Tory [6]
1805 Sir Francis Burdett, Bt Whig [6]
1806 George Boulton Mainwaring Tory [6]
1806 William Mellish Tory [6]
1820 Samuel Charles Whitbread Whig [6]
1830 Joseph Hume Radical [6] [8]
1837 Thomas Wood Conservative [6]
1847 Lord Robert Grosvenor Whig [9] [10] [11]
1847 Ralph Bernal Osborne Radical [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]
1857 Robert Culling Hanbury Whig [18] [19]
1857 Hon. George Byng
(later Viscount Enfield)b
Whig [20] [21] [22]
1859 Liberal Liberal
1867 Henry Labouchère Liberal
1868 Lord George Hamilton Conservative
1874 Octavius Coope Conservative
1885 constituency divided and abolished

Notes:-

Elections

General notes

In multi-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for two candidates or "plump" for one, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected.

In by-elections, to fill a single seat, the first past the post system applied.

Table terms
Sources
Results of 1660-1790 are by History of Parliament Trust publications. The results from 1790 1832 are by Stooks Smith, thereafter his work becoming the footnotes for results by Craig.

Results 1660–1885

Parliament of England

General election 5 April 1660: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Lancelot Lake ElectedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan William Waller ElectedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan Gilbert Gerard DefeatedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan William RobertsDefeatedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan James Harington DefeatedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan John Page DefeatedN/AN/A
  • Note (1660) vote totals unavailable
General election 4 April 1661: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Lancelot Lake ElectedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan Thomas Allen ElectedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan John Robinson DefeatedN/AN/A
  • Note (1661) vote totals unavailable
General Election 21 February 1679: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Robert Peyton UnopposedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan William Roberts UnopposedN/AN/A
  • Note (1679): Roberts was not the same man as the 1660 candidate of the same name.
General Election 3 September 1679: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan William Roberts 72045.37N/A
Nonpartisan Robert Peyton 67042.22N/A
Nonpartisan Francis Gerard 19412.22N/A
Nonpartisan William Smyth 30.19N/A
  • Note (1679): Smyth is referred to as Smith in House of Commons 1660-1690, but Smyth seems to be correct from Leigh Rayment's list of baronets.
  • Expulsion from the House of Peyton
By-Election 13 January 1681: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Robert Atkyns 68055.78+55.78
Nonpartisan Hugh Middleton 37931.09+31.09
Nonpartisan Charles Umfrevile 16013.13+13.13
Majority30124.69N/A
Nonpartisan hold Swing N/A
General election 3 March 1681: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan William Roberts 1,05435.73+35.73
Nonpartisan Nicholas Raynton 87429.63+29.63
Nonpartisan Hugh Middleton 60720.58−10.51
Nonpartisan Charles Gerard 41514.07+14.07
General election 18 March 1685: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Charles Gerard ElectedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan Roger Hawtrey ElectedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan Hugh Middleton DefeatedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan Nicholas Raynton DefeatedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan Thomas Johnson DefeatedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan William Smyth DefeatedN/AN/A
General election 11 January 1689: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Charles Gerard ElectedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan Roger Hawtrey ElectedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan Robert Peyton DefeatedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan Thomas Johnson DefeatedN/AN/A
General election 1690: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Charles Gerard UnopposedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan Roger Hawtrey UnopposedN/AN/A
General election 14 November 1695: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Edward Russell UnopposedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan John Wolstenholme UnopposedN/AN/A
By-Election 8 January 1696: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan John Bucknall UnopposedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan hold Swing N/A
General election 4 August 1698: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Warwick Lake UnopposedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan John Wolstenholme UnopposedN/AN/A
General Election 16 January 1701: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Warwick Lake UnopposedN/AN/A
Tory Hugh Smithson UnopposedN/AN/A
General Election 3 December 1701: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Warwick Lake UnopposedN/AN/A
Whig John Austen UnopposedN/AN/A
General election 30 July 1702: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Warwick Lake UnopposedN/AN/A
Tory Hugh Smithson UnopposedN/AN/A
General election 28 May 1705: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Scorie Barker UnopposedN/AN/A
Nonpartisan John Wolstenholme UnopposedN/AN/A

Parliament of Great Britain

General election 1708: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Nonpartisan Scorie Barker Unopposed N/AN/A
Nonpartisan John Wolstenholme Unopposed N/AN/A
  • Death of Wolstenholme
By-Election 3 March 1709: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig John Austen Unopposed N/AN/A
Whig gain from Nonpartisan Swing N/A
General election 12 October 1710: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory James Bertie Unopposed N/AN/A
Tory Hugh Smithson Unopposed N/AN/A
General election 1713: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory James Bertie Unopposed N/AN/A
Tory Hugh Smithson Unopposed N/AN/A
General election 27 January 1715: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory James Bertie 1,604 27.60 N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson 1,553 26.72 N/A
Whig John Austen 1,33022.80N/A
Whig Henry Barker1,32522.80N/A
General election 30 March 1722: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory James Bertie 1,800 39.43 +11.83
Whig John Austen 967 21.18 −1.62
Whig Henry Barker90818.89−3.91
Tory George Cooke 66214.50+14.50
Tory William Withers 2285.00+5.00
General election 6 September 1727: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory James Bertie 1,410 29.21 −10.22
Tory Francis Child 1,305 27.03 +27.03
Whig Henry Barker1,07422.25+3.36
Whig Lord Paget 1,03921.52+21.52
General election 25 April 1734: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory Francis Child Unopposed N/AN/A
Whig William Pulteney Unopposed N/AN/A
  • Death of Child
By-Election 15 March 1740: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory Hugh Smithson 382 72.21 N/A
Whig Henry Barker14727.79N/A
Majority23544.42N/A
Tory hold Swing N/A
  • Smithson (not the same person as the former MP of the same name) subsequently changed his surname to Percy
General election 14 May 1741: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig William Pulteney Unopposed N/AN/A
Tory Hugh Percy Unopposed N/AN/A
By-Election 5 August 1742: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory Roger Newdigate Unopposed N/AN/A
Tory gain from Whig Swing N/A
General election 2 July 1747: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Hugh Percy 1,797 36.33 N/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor 1,457 29.45 N/A
Tory George Cooke 89918.17N/A
Tory Roger Newdigate 79416.05N/A
By-Election 8 March 1750: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory George Cooke 1,617 57.38 +39.21
Whig Fraser Honywood 1,20142.62+42.62
Majority41614.76N/A
Tory gain from Whig Swing N/A
General election 2 May 1754: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory George Cooke Unopposed N/AN/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor Unopposed N/AN/A
General election 7 April 1761: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory George Cooke Unopposed N/AN/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor Unopposed N/AN/A
By-Election 27 November 1766: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory George Cooke Unopposed N/AN/A
Tory hold Swing N/A
General election 28 March 1768: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical John Wilkes 1,297 44.33 N/A
Tory George Cooke 827 28.26 N/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor 80227.41N/A
  • Note (1768): Stooks Smith attributes 1,292 votes to Wilkes. Stooks Smith does not give candidates party labels in Middlesex until after this election.
  • Death of Cooke
By-Election 14 December 1768: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig John Glynn 1,548 54.89 +54.89
Tory William Beauchamp-Proctor 1,27245.11+17.70
Majority2769.79N/A
Whig gain from Tory Swing N/A
  • Note (1768): Poll 6 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
  • Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, declared incapable of being elected 3 February 1769
By-Election 16 February 1769: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/AN/A
Radical hold Swing N/A
  • Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, election declared void
By-Election 16 March 1769: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/AN/A
Radical hold Swing N/A
  • Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, election declared void 17 March 1769
By-Election 13 April 1769: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical John Wilkes 1,143 79.16 N/A
Tory Henry Luttrell 29620.50N/A
Whig William Whitaker50.35N/A
Majority84758.66N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A
  • Election return of Wilkes amended to Luttrell by Parliament on 14 April 1769 and Luttrell seated as the MP 15 April 1769
General election 20 October 1774: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig John Glynn Unopposed N/AN/A
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/AN/A
  • Death of Glynn
By-Election 28 October 1779: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Thomas Wood Unopposed N/AN/A
Whig hold Swing N/A
General election 14 September 1780: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed N/AN/A
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/AN/A
General election 22 April 1784: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory William Mainwaring 2,118 36.72 N/A
Radical John Wilkes 1,858 32.21 N/A
Whig George Byng 1,79231.07N/A
General election 28 June 1790: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed N/AN/A
Tory William Mainwaring Unopposed N/AN/A
  • Note (1790): The George Byng who contested Middlesex elections from this year is a different person from the one who stood previously
General election 3 June 1796: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed N/AN/A
Tory William Mainwaring Unopposed N/AN/A

Parliament of the United Kingdom

General election 13 July 1802: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng 3,848 38.5 N/A
Radical Francis Burdett 3,207 32.1 N/A
Tory William Mainwaring 2,93629.4N/A
Majority2692.7N/A
Turnout 9,991
Radical gain from Tory Swing
Whig hold Swing
  • Note (1802): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
  • Election of Burdett declared void 9 July 1804
By-Election 23 July 1804: Middlesex
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory George Boulton Mainwaring 2,828 50.0 +20.6
Radical Francis Burdett 2,82350.0+17.9
Majority50.0N/A
Turnout 5,651
Tory gain from Radical Swing
  • Note (1804): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
  • Election of Mainwaring challenged by a petition of Burdett. Mainwaring unseated and Francis Burdett seated on 5 March 1805. (Source: The Times (of London), edition of 6 March 1805)
  • Election of Burdett challenged by a petition of Mainwaring. Burdett unseated and George Boulton Mainwaring seated with effect from 10 February 1806. (Source: The Times (of London), edition of 10 February 1806)
General election 10 November 1806: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory William Mellish 3,213 47.9 +18.5
Whig George Byng 2,304 34.3 −4.2
Radical Francis Burdett 1,19717.8−18.3
Majority1,10716.5N/A
Turnout 6,714
Whig gain from Radical Swing
Tory hold Swing
  • Note (1806): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General election 18 May 1807: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory William Mellish 2,706 42.8 −5.1
Whig George Byng 2,368 37.4 +3.1
Tory Sir Christopher Baynes, 1st Baronet1,25219.8+19.8
Majority11618.6+2.1
Turnout 6,326
Tory hold Swing
Whig hold Swing
General election 12 October 1812: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Tory William Mellish Unopposed
Whig hold
Tory hold
General election 26 June 1818: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Tory William Mellish Unopposed
Whig hold
Tory hold
General election 17 March 1820: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng 4,004 37.6 N/A
Whig Samuel Charles Whitbread 3,585 33.6 N/A
Tory William Mellish 3,07328.8N/A
Majority5124.8N/A
Turnout 10,662
Whig gain from Tory Swing
Whig hold Swing
  • Note (1820): Poll 12 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General election 1826: Middlesex (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Whig Samuel Charles Whitbread Unopposed
Whig hold
Whig hold
General election 5 August 1830: Middlesex (2 seats) [6] [23]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Radical Joseph Hume Unopposed
Whig hold
Radical gain from Whig
General election 1831: Middlesex (2 seats) [6] [23]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Radical Joseph Hume Unopposed
Whig hold
Radical hold
General election 1832: Middlesex (2 seats) [6] [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Radical Joseph Hume 3,238 36.9
Whig George Byng 3,033 34.6
Tory Charles Forbes 1,49417.0
Radical John Scott Lillie 1,00411.4
Turnout 5,13274.0
Registered electors 6,939
Majority2052.3
Radical hold
Majority1,53917.6
Whig hold
General election 1835: Middlesex (2 seats) [6] [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng 3,505 37.7 +3.1
Radical Joseph Hume 3,096 33.3 15.0
Conservative Thomas Wood 2,70729.1+12.1
Turnout 6,04675.5+1.5
Registered electors 8,005
Majority4094.413.2
Whig hold Swing +5.3
Majority3894.2+1.9
Radical hold Swing 13.6
  • Note (1835): The Thomas Wood who contested Middlesex elections from this year is a different person from the one who was elected in 1779
General election 31 July 1837: Middlesex (2 seats) [6] [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng 4,796 26.6 11.1
Conservative Thomas Wood 4,582 25.4 +10.9
Radical Joseph Hume 4,38024.39.0
Conservative Henry Pownall 4,27323.7+9.2
Turnout 9,26072.23.3
Registered electors 12,817
Majority2141.23.2
Whig hold Swing 10.6
Majority2021.1N/A
Conservative gain from Radical Swing +7.7
General election 1841: Middlesex (2 seats) [6]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Conservative Thomas Wood Unopposed
Registered electors 13,915
Whig hold
Conservative hold

Byng's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 3 February 1847: Middlesex [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Robert Grosvenor Unopposed
Whig hold
Registered electors 12,577

12577

General election 4 August 1847: Middlesex (2 seats) [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Robert Grosvenor 4,944 39.3 N/A
Radical Ralph Bernal Osborne 4,175 33.2 N/A
Conservative Thomas Wood 3,45827.5N/A
Turnout 6,289 (est)45.6 (est)N/A
Registered electors 13,781
Majority7696.1N/A
Whig hold Swing N/A
Majority7175.7N/A
Radical gain from Conservative Swing N/A
General election 1852: Middlesex (2 seats) [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Robert Grosvenor 5,241 37.7 1.6
Radical Ralph Bernal Osborne 4,390 31.6 1.6
Conservative John Spencer-Churchill 4,25830.7+3.2
Turnout 6,945 (est)47.5 (est)+1.9
Registered electors 14,610
Majority8516.1
Whig hold Swing 1.6
Majority1320.94.8
Radical hold Swing 1.6
General election 29 April 1857: Middlesex (2 seats) [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Robert Culling Hanbury 5,426 39.7 +8.1
Whig Robert Grosvenor 5,327 38.9 +1.2
Conservative Henry Cadogan 2,92821.49.3
Majority2,39917.5+11.4
Turnout 8,305 (est)55.4 (est)+7.9
Registered electors 14,977
Whig hold Swing +6.4
Whig gain from Radical Swing +2.9
By-election, 3 September 1857: Middlesex [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Whig hold
General election 1859: Middlesex (2 seats) [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Robert Culling Hanbury 3,678 43.6 +3.9
Liberal George Byng 3,618 42.9 +4.0
Conservative James Haig [25] 1,14713.67.8
Majority2,47129.3+11.8
Turnout 4,795 (est)31.6 (est)23.8
Registered electors 15,171
Liberal hold Swing +3.9
Liberal hold Swing +4.0
General election 1865: Middlesex (2 seats) [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal George Byng Unopposed
Liberal Robert Culling Hanbury Unopposed
Registered electors 14,847
Liberal hold
Liberal hold
  • Death of Hanbury
By-election 15 April 1867: Middlesex [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Henry Labouchere Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 21 November 1868: Middlesex (2 seats) [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative George Hamilton 7,850 37.9 New
Liberal George Byng 6,487 31.3 N/A
Liberal Henry Labouchere 6,39730.9N/A
Majority1,4537.0N/A
Turnout 14,292 (est)56.7 (est)N/A
Registered electors 25,196
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General election 14 February 1874: Middlesex (2 seats) [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative George Hamilton 10,343 33.3 +14.3
Conservative Octavius Coope 9,867 31.8 +12.8
Liberal George Byng 5,62318.113.2
Liberal Frederick Lehmann 5,19216.714.2
Majority4,24413.7N/A
Turnout 15,513 (est)61.9 (est)+5.2
Registered electors 25,071
Conservative hold Swing +14.0
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +13.3
By-election, 12 April 1878: Middlesex [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative George Hamilton Unopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1880: Middlesex (2 seats) [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative George Hamilton 12,904 37.8 +4.5
Conservative Octavius Coope 12,328 36.1 +4.3
Liberal Herbert Gladstone 8,87626.08.8
Majority3,45210.1−3.6
Turnout 21,492 (est)70.0 (est)+8.1
Registered electors 30,707
Conservative hold Swing +4.5
Conservative hold Swing +4.4
By-election, 3 July 1885: Middlesex [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative George Hamilton Unopposed
Conservative hold
  • Constituency divided in the 1885 redistribution

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References

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Sources

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  • The House of Commons 1558-1603, by P.W. Hasler (HMSO 1981)
  • The House of Commons 1660-1690, by Basil Duke Henning (Secker & Warburg 1983)
  • The House of Commons 1715-1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
  • The House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
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