Model Mugging

Last updated
Model Mugging
Focus Hybrid
Country of origin Flag of the United States.svg United States

Model Mugging is an American form of self-defense training that uses padded instructors, known as "Model Muggers", to simulate assaults. It was founded by Matt Thomas, [1] and developed by Danielle Smith, Julio Toribio, Sheryl Doran and Mark Morris. Its inspiration was the 1971 rape and beating that happened to a Taekwondo black belt. [2] Model Mugging attempts to turn the adrenaline reaction to an active response rather than a fear response through simulated attacks and group talk sessions.

Contents

Techniques and training

Model mugging training involves students role-playing and sometimes fighting through a variety of assault scenarios. [3] Students are taught physical defenses, methods of avoiding or defusing potential assaults, verbal defenses, and decision-making under the pressure of such situations. [4]

During the simulated assaults, heavily padded instructors, often referred to as muggers, [5] [6] accost, grab, or directly attack a student, who may respond (if they believe a physical response is appropriate for the situation) with full-force attacks to the padded instructor. The emotionally charged nature of the scenarios combined with the full-force nature of the fighting tend to create an adrenalized state [3] similar to that of someone facing a real assault. The adrenalized nature of the training is intended to teach the student how to think clearly and respond in adrenalized situations. [7]

History

Model Mugging received significant publicity beginning in the late 1970s and 1980s. The first major public recognition was described in 1978 within Human Behavior Magazine, [8] and The Chronicle of Higher Education . [9]

Popularity of the Model Mugging program expanded rapidly after an article was published in Black Belt magazine [10] describing the innovative training system. Many other publications and supporters began providing positive press coverage, [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] and especially in People magazine. [18] The program was widely publicized in many other popular magazines and media such as Life magazine, [19] Glamour magazine [20] and others. [21] [22] [23]

By 1990, some female instructors stated that women were traumatized by the course or sexually assaulted by Model Mugging male instructors. [24] After several incidents of private lessons that Thomas gave to female instructors of the Model Mugging program in his home led to allegations that he had acted inappropriately, the national board of Model Mugging instituted new rules prohibiting the practice. [24] Women who had made the allegations broke from the Model Mugging program being taught at Stanford and formed their own self-defense organizations. [24]

In 1990, psychologist Albert Bandura used Model Mugging for a psychology study where he and Elizabeth Ozer tested the hypotheses that "perceived coping and cognitive control self-efficacy govern the effects of personal empowerment over physical threats". The women participated in a mastery modeling self-defense program in which they sought to learn the physical skills to defend themselves successfully against unarmed sexual assailants. [25]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krav Maga</span> Israeli martial art

Krav Maga is an Israeli self-defense system. Developed for the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), it is derived from a combination of techniques from Aikido, Boxing, Judo, Karate, Wrestling, etc. It is known for its focus on real-world situations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martial arts</span> Codified systems and traditions of combat

Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defence; military and law enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and the preservation of a nation's intangible cultural heritage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Self-defense</span> Countermeasure that involves defending oneself from harm

Self-defense is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many jurisdictions.

Kajukenbo is a hybrid martial art from Hawaii. It was developed in the late 1940s and founded in 1947 in the Palama Settlement on Oahu, Territory of Hawaii.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sociobiological theories of rape</span> Theories about how evolutionary adaptation influences the psychology of rapists

Sociobiological theories of rape explore how evolutionary adaptation influences the psychology of rapists. Such theories are highly controversial, as traditional theories typically do not consider rape a behavioral adaptation. Some object to such theories on ethical, religious, political, or scientific grounds. Others argue correct knowledge of rape causes is necessary for effective preventive measures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sexual assault in the United States military</span> Sexual violence and harassment

Sexual assault in the United States armed forces is an ongoing issue which has received extensive media coverage in the past. A 2012 Pentagon survey found that approximately 26,000 women and men were sexually assaulted that year; of those, only 3,374 cases were reported. In 2013, a new Pentagon report found that 5,061 troops reported cases of assault. Of the reported cases, only 484 cases went to trial; 376 resulted in convictions. Another investigation found that one in five women in the United States Air Force who were sexually assaulted by service members reported it, for one in 15 men.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marine Corps Martial Arts Program</span> US military combat system training

The Marine Corps Martial Arts Program is a combat system developed by the United States Marine Corps to combine existing and new hand-to-hand and close quarters combat techniques with morale and team-building functions and instruction in the warrior ethos. The program, which began in 2001, trains Marines in unarmed combat, edged weapons, weapons of opportunity, and rifle and bayonet techniques.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bartitsu</span> Martial arts style

Bartitsu is an eclectic martial art and self-defence method originally developed in England in 1898–1902, combining elements of boxing, jujitsu, cane fighting and French kickboxing (savate). In 1903, it was immortalised by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the Sherlock Holmes mystery stories. Dormant throughout most of the 20th century, Bartitsu has experienced a revival since 2002.

Wen-Do is a form of self-defence art for women developed by Ned and Ann Paige, a married couple from Toronto, Ontario. Dr. Paige, an optometrist, dedicated himself to creating a program to teach women to protect themselves after hearing of the murder of Kitty Genovese in New York on March 13, 1964.

Rape trauma syndrome (RTS) is the psychological trauma experienced by a rape survivor that includes disruptions to normal physical, emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal behavior. The theory was first described by nurse Ann Wolbert Burgess and sociologist Lynda Lytle Holmstrom in 1974.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oom Yung Doe</span> Korean martial arts school

Oom Yung Doe is a line of Korean martial arts schools founded by John C. Kim. In addition to teaching a broad range of physical movements and self-defense, the training also incorporates meditation, philosophy, and the use of herbal formulas and equipment. Some students describe substantial benefits including self-defense skills, mental and physical health, and improvements in conditions such as asthma, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and blood pressure. Critics, however, accuse the school's founder and instructors of unethical behavior, charging large fees, and pressuring students to commit to long-term contracts. Beginning in the late 1980s, several TV and newspaper reports publicized these accusations, and described the school as a "cult." Kim and four of the organization's instructors were found guilty of conspiracy to commit tax fraud in 1995. Despite those issues, certain benefits of the training such as increased lung capacity and the healing of treatment-resistant back pain have been demonstrated to be effective in clinical settings; and there have also been several news reports publicizing some of the benefits described by the students.

The anti-rape movement is a sociopolitical movement which is part of the movement seeking to combat violence against and the abuse of women.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edith Garrud</span> British martial artist and suffragist

Edith Margaret Garrud was a British martial artist, suffragist and playwright. She was the first British female teacher of jujutsu and one of the first female martial arts instructors in the western world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amir Perets</span> Israeli mixed martial artist (born 1974)

Amir Perets is an Israeli-born mixed martial artist, entrepreneur, and active participant in Fight Science featured on the National Geographic Channel. He is an instrumental figure in popularizing and modernizing the self-defense system of the Israeli Defense Forces known as Krav Maga.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fitness culture</span> Sociocultural phenomenon surrounding exercise and physical fitness

Fitness culture is a sociocultural phenomenon surrounding exercise and physical fitness. It is usually associated with gym culture, as doing physical exercises in locations such as gyms, wellness centres and health clubs is a popular activity. An international survey found that more than 27% of the world's total adult population attends fitness centres, and that 61% of regular exercisers are currently doing "gym-type" activities. Getting and maintaining physical fitness has been shown to benefit individuals' inner and outer health. Fitness culture has been highly promoted through modern technology and social media platforms.

Steve Kardian is an American career law enforcement officer, detective, sergeant, chief criminal investigator, and contractor for the United States Marshals Service, who specializes in crime prevention and risk reduction for women's safety. Kardian lectures, teaches, and consults internationally. Between his personal engagements and his self-defense/safety certification organization, Defend University, Kardian trains thousands of people each year on safety and self-defense, as well as strategies and tactics uniquely tailored to women's safety.

Eyal Yanilov is an Israeli Krav Maga instructor and currently Chief Instructor of Krav Maga Global. He was a co-founder and Chief Instructor of the International Krav Maga Federation from 1996 to 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sexual harassment in the military</span> Sexual misconduct in the armed forces

Sexual harassment in the military is unwanted sexual behaviour experienced as threatening, offensive, or otherwise upsetting, which occurs in a military setting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Suffrajitsu</span> Womans self-defence technique

Suffrajitsu is a term used to describe the application of martial arts or self-defence techniques by members of the Women's Social and Political Union during 1913/14. The term derives from a portmanteau of suffragette and jiu-jitsu and was first coined by an anonymous English journalist during March 1914.

John Whitman is an American author and martial arts instructor. He is the founder of the Krav Maga Alliance and the former president of Krav Maga Worldwide.

References

  1. ↑ McCaughey, Martha (1997). "Getting Mean". Real knockouts: the physical feminism of women's self-defense . NYU Press. p.  60. ISBN   978-0-8147-5577-8 . Retrieved 9 September 2010. model mugging.
  2. ↑ Shannon Jackson (Autumn 1993). "Representing Rape: Model Mugging's Discursive and Embodied Performances". TDR . 37 (3): 110–141. doi:10.2307/1146312. JSTOR   1146312.
  3. 1 2 Hartman, Carol (2001-04-12). "Conquering fear". Sacramento News & Review. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
  4. ↑ Catherine Gockley (November–December 1992). "Hear me roar: "Model Mugging" self-defense courses teach women to fight back under attack and win". American Fitness. Archived from the original on 2008-10-08. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
  5. ↑ Keeva, Steve. "Fight For Your Life!" (PDF). New Woman .
  6. ↑ Tierney, John (Jan 4, 1993). "Model Mugger Earns His Pay". The News-Journal. New York Times News Service. p. 8. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
  7. ↑ Allison Ryan. "Take That! Model Mugging 101". Scripps Magazine.[ dead link ]
  8. ↑ Foote, Carol (December 1978). "Getting Tough About Rape" (PDF). Human Behavior. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  9. ↑ Staff Writer (May 30, 1978). "Ideas" (PDF). The Chronicle of Higher Education . Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  10. ↑ Tesoro, Mary (May 1986). "Rape You Prevent May Be Your Own!" (PDF). Black Belt . Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  11. ↑ Barasch, Douglas (Spring 1986). "Street Smarts" (PDF). Women's Health Adviser. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  12. ↑ Staff Writer (Spring 1986). "Removing the Nightmare from the Night" (PDF). Health for Life. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  13. ↑ Ryll, Debra (1987). "Fighting Back" (PDF). New Times. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  14. ↑ Naughton, Betty (Spring 1987). "Freeze or Fight? Choosing Not to Be a Victim" (PDF). Uptrend. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  15. ↑ Cummins, Cynthia (December 1987). "Fight, Not Flight" (PDF). Women's Sports & Fitness. p. 20. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  16. ↑ Drawbridge, Jennifer (September 1988). "Foil-A-Mugger School" (PDF). Self . pp. 188–1889, 206–208. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  17. ↑ King, Pamela (December 1978). "Women to Their Own Defense" (PDF). Psychology Today. pp. 70–71, 143. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  18. ↑ Freeman, Patricia (July 18, 1988). "Kicking and Screaming Women" (PDF). People . pp. 62–65. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  19. ↑ "Fighting Back" (PDF). Life . November 1993. p. 106. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  20. ↑ Kuster, Elizabeth (July 1991). "Conquering Street Fear: A Self-Defense Course Worked For Me" (PDF). Glamour . pp. 174–175, 190–191. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  21. ↑ McFarling, Usha Lee (October 1993). "Walking Without Fear" (PDF). Walking Magazine. pp. 54–58. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  22. ↑ Christina (July 1992). "I Am Woman Hear Me Roar" (PDF). Sassy. pp. 60–66, 87. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  23. ↑ Kinosian, Janet (April 1995). "How Self-Defense Training Changed My Life" (PDF). Fitness . p. 131. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  24. 1 2 3 Peri, Camille (September 1990). "Below the Belt". Mother Jones . Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  25. ↑ Ozar, Elizabth M.; Albert Bandura (1990). "Mechanisms Governing Empowerment Effects: A Self-Efficacy Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 58 (3): 472–486. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.472. PMID   2324938 . Retrieved 23 July 2015.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.