Mainland Southeast Asia martial arts

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The traditional martial arts of the Mainland Southeast Asia are related to one another, and as a group to Indian martial arts. The most salient common feature is Mainland Southeast Asia kickboxing. The region of Mainland Southeast Asia is believed to be the land of Suvarnabhumi that ancient Indians mentioned in Buddhist text and Hindu text. In 790 A.D., a Khmer prince who grew up abroad by the name of Jayavarman II returned to unify the Khmer civilization. In 802 A.D., Jayavarman II established the Khmer Empire, the precursor to modern Cambodia, and declared himself the Chakravatin (universal ruler). [1] Around 850 A.D., Pagan, the ancestor of modern-day Burma, was established by Tibeto-Burman speakers. [2] For 200 years, Pagan remained a small principality until the reign of King Anawrahta. [3] In 1238 A.D., Thailand's first state, Sukhothai, was started when the residents declared independence from the Khmer Empire. In 1353 A.D., Laos's first state, Lan Xang, was started by Fa Ngum with the assistance of the Khmer from Angkor. [4]

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Myanmar

Lethwei fight Tway Ma Shaung fighting Saw Shark in Myanmar.png
Lethwei fight

Thaing (Burmese : သိုင်း, pronounced [θáiɰ̃] ) is a Burmese term used to classify the traditional martial systems of Myanmar. There are three main generation of Thaing in Myanmar, named "Kanbawza" "Inwa" and "Yamanya". Burmese martial arts include bando, banshay, naban, shan gyi and Lethwei:

Lethwei or Burmese boxing. A traditional style of striking with headbutts, kicks, punches, knee and elbow strikes. [5]

Naban is the traditional form of wrestling from Myanmar. Originally based on Indian wrestling, it is practiced primarily in rural areas. Naban is especially popular among the Himalayan tribes. The Chin and Kachin people are both known for their skilled wrestlers. Techniques include joint locks, strikes to pressure points, and chokeholds.

Cambodia

Bokator is an ancient Cambodian martial art with roots in the 1st century. It prioritises physical and mental development through strength, discipline, and a commitment to non-violence. It combines physical combat techniques with a strong focus on mental discipline rooted in respect for nature and societal values. Masters, some believed to possess special healing and protective abilities, guide apprentices in understanding their roles and responsibilities, ultimately preparing them to safeguard communities, the environment, and advocate for justice and peace. Bokator remains an integral part of Cambodian culture, not only as a martial art but also in rituals dedicated to local deities and festive events. These occasions often incorporate traditional elements like dance, music, and traditional medicine. Bokator symbolises Cambodia's cultural, social, and religious values and enjoys a broad following across age, gender, education, and social status. [6]

Kun Khmer or Pradal Serey is an unarmed martial art from Cambodia. In Khmer the word pradal means fighting or boxing and serey means free. Originally used for warfare, pradal serey is now one of Cambodia's national sports. Its moves have been slightly altered to comply with the modern rules. The martial art was turned into a sport when French colonists arrived and added components of Western boxing such as a boxing ring, boxing gloves, weight classes and timed rounds.

800 year old Cambodian stone carving of thrust kick. The thrust kick is a staple of modern pradal serey. Angkor Wat.- Battle of Devas and Asuras (4).jpg
800 year old Cambodian stone carving of thrust kick. The thrust kick is a staple of modern pradal serey.

Khmer traditional wrestling is a folk wrestling style from Cambodia. It has been practiced as far back as the Angkor period and is depicted on the bas-reliefs of certain temples. The earliest form of Khmer traditional wrestling was called Maloyuth. Maloyuth was created in 788 A.D. by Brahmin Timu. [7] It evolved to the current form of wrestling, Cham Bab, in the 8th century. Although predominantly a male sport today, Khmer wrestling was once practiced by both sexes as female wrestlers are also displayed on the Banteay Srei temple.

Laos

Muay Lao is a traditional unarmed martial art from Laos. It incorporates punches, kicks, elbows and knee strikes. Muay Lao was an event at the 2009 Southeast Asian Games in Vientiane.

Malaysia

Tomoi is an unarmed martial art from Malaysia. It is practiced mainly in the northern states such as Kedah, Trengganu, and especially Kelantan.

Thailand

Muay Thai Foot-thrust (Thip) WKA World Championship 2011 038.JPG
Muay Thai Foot-thrust (Thip)

Muay Boran (Thai : มวยโบราณ, RTGS: muai boran, pronounced [mūa̯jbōːrāːn] ; lit.'ancient boxing') is an umbrella term for the unarmed martial arts of Thailand prior to the introduction of modern equipment and rules in the 1930s. It is the predecessor of modern Muay Thai or Thai boxing.

Muay Thai (Thai : มวยไทย, RTGS: muai thai, pronounced [mūa̯jthāj] ; lit.'Thai boxing') is the Thai style of striking with strong emphasis on kicks, punches, knee and elbow strikes. [8]

Krabi-Krabong (Thai : กระบี่กระบอง, pronounced [krā.bìːkrā.bɔ̄ːŋ] ) is a Thai weapon-based martial art. Krabi-krabong was developed by the ancient Siamese warriors for fighting on the battlefield. It was likely used in conjunction with muay boran but whether the two arts were developed together or independently is uncertain. Early warfare in Indochina was mostly between rival kingdoms and were fought en masse. Individual fighters were armoured and carried rhino hide shields. The system's name refers to its main weapons, namely the Thai sword (krabi) and staff (krabong). Typically, two swords ( daab song mue ) are wielded as a pair. Unarmed krabi-krabong (muay boran) makes use of kicks, pressure point strikes, joint locks, holds, and throws.

Vietnam

Traditional Vietnamese martial arts (Võ Thuật Cổ Truyền Việt Nam 武術古傳越南) can be loosely divided into those of the Sino-Vietnamese descended from the Han, and those of the Chams or indigenous Vietnamese. Qwan Ki Do and Vovinam are prominent modern Vietnamese martial arts. [9]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krabi–krabong</span> Weapon-based martial art from Thailand

Krabi-Krabong is a weapon-based martial art from Thailand. It is closely related to other Southeast Asian fighting styles such as Pencak Silat Indonesia, Burmese banshay and Cambodian kbach kun boran. The royal bodyguard corps of the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej were said to be highly trained in krabi-krabong.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muay boran</span> Unarmed martial arts of Thailand

Muay Boran or originally Toi Muay is an umbrella term for the ancient unarmed martial arts of Thailand prior to the introduction of modern equipment and rules in the 1930s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banshay</span>

Banshay is a weapon-based martial art from Myanmar focusing primarily on the sword, staff and spear. Influenced by both Indian and Chinese sources, it is closely related to similar Southeast Asian systems such as Thai krabi krabong, Cambodian kbach kun boran and Malay silat.

Lerdrit, Muay Lert Rit or, Leert Rit is the generic name attributed to the set of principles and fighting techniques employed by Siamese warriors for centuries on Southeast Asian battlefields. This form of Muay has been used primarily by the Royal Thai Army‘s Palace Guard, the Capital’s Defense Corps, war elephants’ Defense Units and Special Infantry Corps. Siamese Lert Rit was based on a clever combination of the Nine Natural Weapons (Nawarthawooth), i.e., hands, feet, knees, elbows and head, which were used to attack and defend. It was also based on the four ancestral strategies used by Special Infantry Corps: Tum, Tap (crush), Chap (grab), Hak. Muay of today is a traditional martial art born from the ancestral precepts of Siamese warriors, adapted to the self-defence needs of modern practitioners, regardless of their physical characteristics and the conditions under which its techniques are applied. However, several Western martial arts practitioners have developed modern adaptations that combine elements of Muay Thai with those of other martial arts which they now market as Muay Boran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pradal serey</span> Combat sport

Pradal Serey or Kun Khmer is a combat sport that originated in Cambodia. The official Khmer name of the sport is Kbach Kun Pradal Khmer. In Khmer, pradal means fighting or boxing and serey means free. Thus, pradal serey may be translated as "free fighting" or "free boxing". The sport consists of stand up striking and clinch fighting where the objective is to knock an opponent out, force a technical knockout, or win a match by points.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elbow (strike)</span> Strike with the point of the elbow

An elbow strike is a strike with the point of the elbow, the part of the forearm nearest to the elbow, or the part of the upper arm nearest to the elbow. Elbows can be thrown sideways similarly to a hook, upwards similarly to an uppercut, downwards with the point of the elbow, diagonally or in direct movement and in several other ways, like during a jump. Elbow strikes are native to traditional Southeast Asian martial arts, traditional Chinese martial arts and traditional Okinawan martial arts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dha (sword)</span> Burmese knife

Dha is the Burmese word for "knife" and "sword" similar term to daab or darb in Thai language for a single edge sword. The term dha is conventionally used to refer to a wide variety of knives and swords used by many people across Southeast Asia, especially present-day Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Yunnan, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bokator</span> Cambodian martial art

Bokator is an ancient Cambodian battlefield martial art used by the ancient Khmer military. It is one of the oldest fighting systems existing in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dance in Thailand</span> Main dramatic art form in Thailand

Dance in Thailand is the main dramatic art form in Thailand. Thai dance can be divided into two major categories, high art and low art.

The origins of Asian martial arts are diverse and scattered, having roots in various regions of Asia. Various Asian martial arts reference the study of animal movements as inspiration for martial arts techniques.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sport in Cambodia</span>

Cambodia has increasingly become involved in sports over the last 30 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Cambodia</span> Overview of and topical guide to Cambodia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Cambodia:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muay Lao</span> Martial art

Muay Lao is an ancient combat sport from Laos. It incorporates punches, kicks, elbow, and knee strikes. It can be traced back to the 15th century when it was used for military combat during the Lan Xang dynasty. It is similar to Muay Thai from Thailand and Pradal Serey from Cambodia. Muay Lao was an event at the 2009 Southeast Asian Games in Vientiane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Team Sityodtong</span> Mixed martial arts training organization in Massachusetts

Musti-Yuddha is a traditional combat sport originating from the Indian subcontinent. The term literally means "fist combat", from the Sanskrit words muṣṭi (fist) and yuddha. While this would originally have been used as a general term for any boxing art, today it usually refers to muki boxing from Varanasi, the only surviving unarmed style. In the Punjab there still exists an armed form of boxing called loh-musti in which the fighters wear an iron ring on one hand, although it is no longer used for sparring.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kbach kun boran</span> Cambodian martial art

Kbach Kun Boran Khmer is a Khmer term literally meaning "ancient Cambodian martial arts techniques". It consists of 12 core techniques and 8 "door systems" or footwork patterns. Usually, students learn from different masters who specialize in different weapons or areas of expertise. Armed combat or ani-yuth incorporates three main weapons, namely the dav, the dambong veng and the dambong clei. Unarmed fighting or atmani-yuth makes use of Baok Chbab (wrestling) and non-sport version of pradal serey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonio Graceffo</span>

Antonio Graceffo is an American economist, China analyst, martial artist, and author who has lived in several Asian countries. He is a frequent guest, providing analysis of the Chinese economy and geopolitics, on various shows on New Tang Dynasty Television, including Talking Points, The Wide Angle, China in Focus, and Forbidden News. He is also the host of the web TV show, Martial Arts Odyssey, which traces his ongoing journey through Asia learning martial arts in various countries. Graceffo is credited with helping to revitalize the lost Khmer martial art of Bokator by being the first to report on it in English in the post-Pol Pot era. Beyond martial arts, Graceffo is also a student of multiple languages, including Mandarin Chinese, Thai, Khmer, Vietnamese, German, Spanish, Italian, and French.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martial Arts Odyssey</span>

Martial Arts Odyssey is an American web TV show with a martial arts travel theme. Created and hosted by Antonio Graceffo, the series has run more than 180 episodes shot in Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Laos, Burma, and Cambodia. Martial arts featured on the show include: Muay Thai, Muay Chaiya, Pradal Serey, Bokator, Filipino Kuntaw, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), Kung Fu, Silat Kalam, Silat Melayu, Tomoi, boxing, Muay Lao, Ziyou Bodji, urban combat, Lai Tai, Muay Boran, military hand-to-hand combat, Silambam, and others.

Kun Khmer competitions at the 2023 SEA Games took place at Morodok Techo National Stadium, Phnom Penh. Kun Khmer or Pradal serey is an ancient Cambodian variation of Kick boxing, dating back to the Khmer Empire in the 9th century AD. A total of 19 medals were awarded.

References

  1. Johnson, D., & Young, D. (Producers), & Mose, C. (Director). (2020). Cambodia's Temple Kingdom | The Mark Of Empire | Angkor [Film]. CNA Insider.
  2. Myanmar. Britannica. Retrieved October 2, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Myanmar/The-Pyu-state#ref52595
  3. Johnson, D., Young, D., & Shapudin, N. (Producers), & Mose, C. (Director). (2020). Myanmar's Unifying Kingdom | The Mark Of Empire | Bagan [Film]. CNA Insider.
  4. Laos - History. (n.d.). https://www.britannica.com/place/Laos/History#ref52519. Retrieved October 2, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Laos/History#ref52519
  5. Calderon, Justin (23 September 2014). "Punches, headbutts, knockouts: Asia's 'new' martial arts sensation". CNN.
  6. "Kun Lbokator, traditional martial arts in Cambodia". unesco.org.
  7. "The Kingdom's oldest wrestling form grapples with fading interest". April 7, 2017 via Phnom Penh Post.
  8. "Get in shape at a Thai kickboxing camp". USA Today. 2008-10-15. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
  9. Green 2010, p. 549.