| Sweep | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Using one's leg to sweep an opponent is an important element of many martial arts throws, such as this foot sweep ( deashi harai ). | |||||||
| Japanese name | |||||||
| Kanji | 足払い | ||||||
| Hiragana | あしばらい | ||||||
| |||||||
A sweep is either of two categories of martial arts techniques. From standing,sweeps are throws or takedowns that primarily use the legs to attack an opponent's legs. On the ground,sweeps are techniques for reversing a grappling position from a guard position.
When standing it is a technique used to take an opponent to the ground by knocking their legs out from under them,so is classed as a throw or takedown. The force of the sweep either runs perpendicular to the opponent's leg or rises as it strikes the leg,lifting the foot from the ground. A sweep can be used to take the opponent to the ground or it can simply disrupt the opponent's balance long enough to make an opening for a punch or kick. In Japanese it is known as ashi-barai.
A sweep,when referred to in the context of ground fighting,is a technique used to transition from a neutral or inferior position to a dominant position,such as a practitioner moving from in an opponent's guard to full mount,hence the alternative term 'reversal' as the dominance of positions have been reversed.
A push sweep is one of the guard sweeps described in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. The main characteristic of the push sweep is the practitioner pushing the opponent's knee out from under them with their foot,when the practitioner has the opponent in their open guard. The push sweep is similar to the scissor sweep,which uses a scissor motion of the legs to sweep the opponent,but adds the detail of pushing the opponent's knee out from under them. This additional detail is required when the opponent keeps a wide base to prevent the scissor sweep. [1]
Grappling is a fighting technique as well as a full-contact combat sport based on throws,trips,sweeps,clinch fighting,ground fighting and submission holds.
Brazilian jiu-jitsu is a self-defence,martial art and combat sport based on grappling,ground fighting,and submission holds. BJJ approaches self-defense by emphasizing taking an opponent to the ground,gaining a dominant position,and using a number of techniques to force them into submission via joint locks or chokeholds.
Submission wrestling,also known as submission grappling,submission fighting or simply grappling,is a competitive martial art and combat sport that focuses on ground fighting and submission techniques. It is a hybrid discipline that incorporates elements of various grappling arts,mostly Brazilian jiu-jitsu but also Judo,Sambo,and wrestling. Submission wrestling is practiced both as a competitive sport and as a training method for self-defence and mixed martial arts (MMA).
The guard is a ground grappling position in which one combatant has their back to the ground while attempting to control the other combatant using their legs. In pure grappling combat sports,the guard is considered an advantageous position,because the bottom combatant can attack with various joint locks and chokeholds,while the top combatant's priority is the transition into a more dominant position,a process known as passing the guard. In the sport of mixed martial arts,as well as hand-to-hand combat in general,it is possible to effectively strike from the top in the guard,even though the bottom combatant exerts some control. There are various types of guard,with their own advantages and disadvantages.
A triangle choke,or sankaku-jime (三角絞) in judo,is a type of figure-four chokehold that encircles the opponent's neck and one arm with the legs in a configuration similar to the shape of a triangle. Applying pressure using both legs and the opponent's own shoulder,the technique is a type of lateral vascular restraint that constricts the blood flow from the carotid arteries to the brain,potentially resulting in loss of consciousness in seconds when applied correctly. Recent studies have shown that the triangle choke takes an average of 9.5 seconds to render an opponent unconscious from the moment it is properly applied.
An armlock in grappling is a single or double joint lock that hyperextends,hyperflexes or hyperrotates the elbow joint or shoulder joint. An armlock that hyper-extends the elbow is known as an armbar,and it includes the traditional armbar,the shoulder triangle armbar,and the shotgun armbar. An armlock that hyper-rotates the arm is known as an armcoil,and includes the americana,kimura,and omaplata. Depending on the joint flexibility of a person,armcoils can either hyper-rotate only the shoulder joint,only the elbow joint,or both the elbow joint and shoulder joint.
The mount,or mounted position,is a dominant ground grappling position,where one combatant sits on the other combatants torso with the face pointing towards the opponent's head. This is a favorable position for the top combatant in several ways. The top combatant can generate considerable momentum for strikes to the head of the opponent,while the bottom combatant is restricted by the ground and by the combatant on top. Other advantages include various chokeholds and joint locks that can be applied from the top. The bottom combatant will usually look to sweep the opponent or transition into a better position such as the guard.
A leglock is a joint lock that is directed at joints of the leg such as the ankle,knee or hip joint. A leglock which is directed at joints in the foot is sometimes referred to as a foot lock and a lock at the hip as a hip lock. Leglocks are featured,with various levels of restrictions,in combat sports and martial arts such as Sambo,Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu,catch wrestling,mixed martial arts,Shootwrestling and submission wrestling,but are banned in some sports featuring joint locks such as judo. The technique has been seen across a wide range of different combat sports and is reportedly over 2,500 years old,having been seen in the lost art of Pankration in the original Olympic Games.
Clinch fighting is the part of stand-up fighting where the combatants are grappling in a clinch,typically using clinch holds. Clinching the opponent can be used to eliminate the opponent's effective usage of some kicks,punches,and melee weapons. The clinch can also be used as a medium to switch from stand-up fighting to ground fighting by using takedowns,throws or sweeps.
In grappling,side control is a dominant ground grappling position where the top combatant is lying perpendicularly over the face-up bottom combatant in such a way that the legs are free and he or she exerts no control over the combatant on the bottom. The top combatant is referred to as having side control,and is in a stable position,with the other combatant pinned beneath them. From there the top combatant can proceed with elbows,knees,various submissions,or transition into a mounted position. It is high priority for the bottom combatant to sweep the top combatant or otherwise escape the position,for instance by entangling the opponent's free legs and trying to obtain the half guard or guard.
A grappling hold,commonly referred to simply as a hold that in Japanese is referred to as katame-waza,is any specific grappling,wrestling,judo,or other martial art grip that is applied to an opponent. Grappling holds are used principally to control the opponent and to advance in points or positioning. The holds may be categorized by their function,such as clinching,pinning,or submission,while others can be classified by their anatomical effect:chokehold,headlock,joint-lock,or compression lock. Multiple categories may be appropriate for some of these holds.
A grappling position refers to the positioning and holds of combatants engaged in grappling. Combatants are said to be in a neutral position if neither is in a more favourable position. If one party has a clear advantage such as in the mount they are said to be in a "dominant position". Conversely,the other party is considered to be in an inferior position,usually called "on the bottom",but in this case sometimes called the "under mount".
Half guard is a defensive ground grappling position where one combatant is lying on the other,with the bottom combatant having one leg entangled. Sometimes the bottom combatant is said to be in half guard,while the top combatant is in a half mount. In wrestling and catch wrestling half mount is called Turk ride. The half guard is the position that is in between a full guard and side control or full mount. The combatant on top will try to untangle the leg and pass to obtain side control or mount,while the bottom combatant will try to transition into a full guard or alternatively attempt a sweep or submission. The half guard may favour the combatant on top or the guard player,depending on the many details of the position such as body positioning and grips.
Knee-on-stomach,or knee-on-belly,knee-on-chest,knee-ride,knee mount,is a dominant ground grappling position where the top combatant places a knee on the bottom combatant's torso,and usually extends the other leg to the side for balance. This position is typically obtained from side control,simply by rising up slightly and putting a knee on the opponent's stomach or chest.
Allan Alex Góes is an 8X Brazilian National Jiu-Jitsu Champion and retired mixed martial artist. Protégéof the Grandmaster himself,Carlson Gracie,he helped create various innovative techniques and strategies which revolutionized Jiu-Jitsu and was one of the first representatives to bring the sport to the northern hemisphere. He last fought for the Seattle Tiger Sharks of the International Fight League.
Jujutsu,also known as jiu-jitsu and ju-jitsu,is a family of Japanese martial arts and a system of close combat that can be used in a defensive or offensive manner to kill or subdue one or more weaponless or armed and armored opponents. Jiu-jitsu dates back to the 1530s and was coined by Hisamori Tenenouchi when he officially established the first jiu-jitsu school in Japan. This form of martial arts uses few or no weapons at all and includes strikes,throws,holds,and paralyzing attacks against the enemy. Jujutsu developed from the warrior class around the 17th century in Japan. It was designed to supplement the swordsmanship of a warrior during combat. A subset of techniques from certain styles of jujutsu were used to develop many modern martial arts and combat sports,such as judo,aikido,sambo,ARB,Brazilian jiu-jitsu,and mixed martial arts. The history of the art during this time is uncertain because teachers kept everything secret to give their art a feeling of importance and then would change the stories of their art to suit their own needs.
Karate's Nage waza is the set of techniques whereby the opponent is thrown to the ground. While typical students of karate focus most of their attention on learning striking techniques,karate throws are considered indispensable for self-defense and,although not always taught,are part of the classical art.
Luta Livre,known in Brazil as Luta Livre Brasileira or Luta Livre Submission,and also Brazilian Submission Wrestling,is a Brazilian martial arts and combat sport created by Euclydes Hatem in Rio de Janeiro. Primarily a mixture of catch wrestling and kosen judo,there is also ground striking with the hands,feet,knees and elbows. Notable practitioners include Marco Ruas,Ebenezer Fontes Braga,Johil de Oliveira,Alexandre Franca Nogueira,Renato Sobral,Gesias Cavalcante,Pedro Rizzo,Darren Till and JoséAldo.
Just as with the Scissor Sweep, you lay your left leg next to your opponents right knee. But for this sweep your opponent has a wide base and has spread their knees to make the Scissor Sweep difficult.
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | This article related to martial arts terminology is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
