Module file

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Module file (MOD music, tracker music) is a family of music file formats originating from the MOD file format on Amiga systems used in the late 1980s. Those who produce these files (using the software called music trackers) and listen to them form the worldwide MOD scene, [1] a part of the demoscene subculture.

Contents

The mass interchange of "MOD music" or "tracker music" (music stored in module files created with trackers) evolved from early FIDO networks. Many websites host large numbers of these files, the most comprehensive of them being the Mod Archive.

Nowadays, most module files, including ones in compressed form, are supported by most popular media players such as VLC, Foobar2000, Exaile and many others (mainly due to inclusion of common playback libraries such as libmodplug for gstreamer).

Structure

Module files store digitally recorded samples and several "patterns" or "pages" of music data in a form similar to that of a spreadsheet. [2] These patterns contain note numbers, instrument numbers, and controller messages. [2] The number of notes that can be played simultaneously depends on how many "tracks" there are per pattern. [3] And the song is built of a pattern list, that tells in what order these patterns shall be played in the song.

A disadvantage of module files is that there is no real standard specification in how the modules should be played back properly, which may result in modules sounding different in different players, sometimes quite significantly so. This is mostly due to effects that can be applied to the samples in the module file and how the authors of different players choose to implement them. However, tracker music has the advantage of requiring very little CPU overhead for playback, and is executed in real-time. [4]

Each module file format builds on concepts introduced in its predecessors.

The MOD format (.MOD)
The MOD format was the first file format for tracked music. A very basic version of this format (with only very few pattern commands and short samples supported) was introduced by Karsten Obarski’s Ultimate Soundtracker in 1987 for the Amiga. [5] It was designed to use 4 channels and fifteen samples. [6] [7] Ultimate SoundTracker was soon superseded by NoiseTracker and Protracker, which allowed for more tracker commands (effects) and instruments. [7] [8] Later, variants of the MOD format that appeared on the Personal Computer extended the number of channels, added panning commands (the Amiga’s four hardware channels had a pre-defined stereo setup) and expanded the Amiga’s frequency limit, allowing for more octaves of notes to be supported. [9]
Arguably one of the most widespread tracker formats (also due to its use in many computer games and demos), it is also one of the simplest to use, but also only provides few pattern commands to use.
The Oktalyzer format (.OKT)
This was an early effort to bring eight-channel sound to the Amiga. Later replayers have improved on the sound quality attainable from these modules by more demanding mixing technologies.
The MultiTracker format (.MTM)
Produced by American Demoscene group Renaissance, MultiTracker brought up to 32-channel sound to the PC tracker community. Songs that took full advantage of the 32 simultaneous channels were extremely taxing to typical computers of the era.
The MED/OctaMED format (.MED)
This format is very similar to sound/pro/noisetracker, but the way the data is stored is different. MED was not a direct clone of SoundTracker, and had different features and file formats. OctaMED was an eight-channel version of MED, which eventually evolved into OctaMED Soundstudio (which offers 128-channel sound, optional synth sounds, MIDI support and many other high-end features). [10]
The AHX format (.AHX)
This format is a synth-tracker. There are no samples in the module file, rather descriptions of how to synthesize the required sound. This results in very small audio files (AHX modules are typically 1k–4k in size), and a very characteristic sound. AHX is designed for music with chiptune sound. The AHX tracker requires Kickstart 2.0 and 2 Mb RAM memory.
The ScreamTracker 3 format (.S3M)
The Scream Tracker 3 S3M format added sample tuning (defining the exact frequency of the middle C for samples), increased the number of playback channels, made use of an extra column specifically for volume control (which was extended by other trackers to handle panning commands as well), and compressed pattern data for smaller file sizes. [9] It is also one of the few widespread formats that support both sample playback and realtime synthesis (through the OPL2 chip) at the same time. [11]
Open Cubic on DOSBox, playing a FastTracker 2 module called Dead Lock, composed by tracker musician Elwood in 1995
The FastTracker 2 format (.XM)
With the XM format, FastTracker 2 introduced the concept of "instruments", which applied volume and panning envelopes to samples. It also added the ability to map several samples to the same instrument for multi-sampled instruments or drum sets. XM uses instrument-based panning – instrument numbers in patterns always reset the channel’s panning to the current sample's initial panning. It uses MOD effect command letters, plus a few of its own for more sound control. The composer can define initial tempos and speeds; provide envelopes to samples by assigning them to instruments; set sample looping and apply automatic sample vibrato oscillation. [9]
The Impulse Tracker format (.IT)
Impulse Tracker introduced the IT format, which, in comparison to the XM format, allows instruments to also specify the transposition of assigned samples depending on the note being played, applying resonant filters to samples, and defining “New Note Actions” (NNAs) for instruments to release playing notes on a pattern channel while a new note is already playing, which helps to keep the number of pattern channels to while still being able to have a high polyphony. Like S3M files (and contrary to XM files), panning is channel-based, meaning that channels have an initial pan position which can be overridden by panning commands or instruments’ and samples’ default panning settings. [9]

Scene

The process of composing module files, known as tracking, is a skillful activity that involves a much closer contact with musical sound than conventional composition, as every aspect of each sonic event is coded, from pitch and duration to exact volume, panning, and laying in numerous effects such as echo, tremolo and fades. [1] Once the module file is finished, it is released to the tracker community. The composer uploads the new composition to one or more of several sites where module files are archived, making it available to their audience, who will download the file on their own computers. By encoding textual information within each module file, composers maintain contact with their audiences and with one another by including their email addresses, greetings to fans and other composers, and virtual signatures. [1]

Although trackers can be considered to have some technical limitations, they do not prevent a creative individual from producing music that is indiscernible from professionally created music. The demosceners were focused on pushing the limits of technology. [12] Many tracker musicians gained international prominence within MOD software users and some of them went on to work for high-profile video game studios, or began to appear on large record labels. [8] [13] Notable artists include Andrew Sega, Purple Motion, Darude, Alexander Brandon, Peter Hajba, Axwell, Venetian Snares, Jesper Kyd, TDK, Thomas J. Bergersen, Markus Kaarlonen, Michiel van den Bos and Dan Gardopée. It is also widely known that many of Aphrodite's early releases were made on two synchronized Amigas running OctaMED, and that James Holden made majority of his early material in Jeskola Buzz. Deadmau5 and Erez Eisen of Infected Mushroom have both used Impulse Tracker in their early career. [14] [15]

Music disk

Music disk, or musicdisk, is a term used by the demoscene to describe a collection of songs made on a computer. They are essentially the computer equivalent of an album. A music disk is typically packaged in the form of a program with a custom user interface, so the listener does not need other software to play the songs. [16] The "disk" part of the term comes from the fact that music disks were once made to fit on a single floppy disk, so they could be easily distributed at demo parties. On modern platforms, music disks are usually downloaded to a hard disk drive.

Amiga music disks usually consist of MOD files, while PC music disks often contain multichannel formats such as XM or IT. Music disks are also common on the Commodore 64 and Atari ST, where they use their own native formats.

Related terms include music pack, which can refer to a demoscene music collection that does not include its own player, and chipdisk, a music disk containing only chiptunes, which have become popular on the PC given the large size of MP3 music disks.

Software module file players and converters

Players

Converters and trackers

Libraries

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Music tracker</span> Type of software for creating music

A music tracker is a type of music sequencer software for creating music. The music is represented as discrete musical notes positioned in several channels at chronological positions on a vertical timeline. A music tracker's user interface is traditionally number based. Notes, parameter changes, effects and other commands are entered with the keyboard into a grid of fixed time slots as codes consisting of letters, numbers and hexadecimal digits. Separate patterns have independent timelines; a complete song consists of a master list of repeated patterns.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scream Tracker</span>

Scream Tracker is a tracker. It was created by Psi, one of the founders of the Finnish demogroup Future Crew. It was written in C and assembly language.

XM, standing for "extended module", is an audio file type introduced by Triton's FastTracker 2. XM introduced multisampling-capable instruments with volume and panning envelopes, sample looping and basic pattern compression. It also expanded the available effect commands and channels, added 16-bit sample support, and offered an alternative frequency table for portamentos.

OctaMED is a music tracker for the Amiga, written by Teijo Kinnunen. The first version, 1.12, was released in 1989 under the name MED, which stands for Music EDitor. In April 1990, version 2.00 was released with MIDI support as the main improvement. In 1991 the first version with the name OctaMED was released, so-called as it could replay eight independent channels on the Amiga's four-channel sound chip. This was also the first commercial version of the software. The publisher throughout has been RBF Software of Southampton, UK which is run by Ray Burt-Frost.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OpenMPT</span> Open source module tracker

OpenMPT is an open-source audio module tracker for Windows. It was previously called ModPlug Tracker, and was first released by Olivier Lapicque in September 1997.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FastTracker 2</span> Audio tracker for DOS

FastTracker 2 is a music tracker created by Fredrik "Mr. H" Huss and Magnus "Vogue" Högdahl, two members of the demogroup Triton which set about releasing their own tracker after breaking into the scene in 1992 and winning several demo competitions. The source code of FastTracker 2 is written in Pascal using Borland Pascal 7 and TASM. The program works natively under MS-DOS.

MOD is a computer file format used primarily to represent music, and was the first module file format. MOD files use the “.MOD” file extension, except on the Amiga which doesn't rely on filename extensions; instead, it reads a file's header to determine filetype. A MOD file contains a set of instruments in the form of samples, a number of patterns indicating how and when the samples are to be played, and a list of what patterns to play in what order.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gravis UltraSound</span> Sound card for IBM PC compatibles

The Gravis UltraSound or GUS is a sound card for the IBM PC compatible system platform, made by Canada-based Advanced Gravis Computer Technology Ltd. It was very popular in the demoscene during the 1990s.

Amiga software is computer software engineered to run on the Amiga personal computer. Amiga software covers many applications, including productivity, digital art, games, commercial, freeware and hobbyist products. The market was active in the late 1980s and early 1990s but then dwindled. Most Amiga products were originally created directly for the Amiga computer, and were not ported from other platforms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tag editor</span> Software for editing the metadata of media files

A tag editor is an app that can add, edit, or remove embedded metadata on multimedia file formats. Content creators, such as musicians, photographers, podcasters, and video producers, may need to properly label and manage their creations, adding such details as title, creator, date of creation, and copyright notice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protracker</span> Amiga music tracker

Protracker is a music tracker for the Amiga platform. A free software tool that required no additional equipment, it became popular in the early 1990s with both amateurs and professionals, allowing for sample-based music in the MOD file format.

S3M is a module file format, the successor to the STM format used by the original Scream Tracker. Both formats are based on the original MOD format used on the Amiga computer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mod Archive</span> English-language website dedicated to the archival of module files

The Mod Archive is a website dedicated to the indexing and archival of playable music module files. It allows anyone to upload modules, and provides charts, reviews and ratings of music files based on a community effort.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amiga Forever</span> Amiga preservation, emulation and support package published by Cloanto

Amiga Forever is an Amiga preservation, emulation and support package published by Cloanto, which allows Amiga software to run on non-Amiga hardware legally and without complex configuration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Impulse Tracker</span> Free music sequencing software created in 1995 for the DOS platform

Impulse Tracker is a multi-track music tracker. Originally released in 1995 by Jeffrey Lim as freeware with commercial extensions, it was one of the last tracker programs for the DOS platform.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ModPlug Player</span> Module file player

ModPlug Player is a module file player developed by Olivier Lapicque in conjunction with the original ModPlug Tracker project and the ModPlug Browser plugin. Features include a playlist editor, graphical equalizer, automatic gain control, bass expansion, reverb, Dolby Surround Sound support and the ability to mix two modules simultaneously and to change their pitch and tempo. The player supports a variety of module music files in both native and compressed formats.

This article deals with music software created for the Amiga line of computers and covers the AmigaOS operating system and its derivates AROS and MorphOS and is a split of main article Amiga software. See also related articles Amiga productivity software, Amiga programming languages, Amiga Internet and communications software and Amiga support and maintenance software for other information regarding software that run on Amiga.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MilkyTracker</span> Free software music tracker

MilkyTracker is a free software multi-platform music tracker for composing music in the MOD and XM module file formats.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Rene T. A. Lysloff; Jr. Leslie C. Gay; Andrew Ross (29 October 2003). Music and Technoculture. Wesleyan University Press. p. 352. ISBN   978-0819565143 . Retrieved 2014-09-13.
  2. 1 2 Ranjan Parekh (2006). Principles of Multimedia. Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 727. ISBN   978-0-070-58833-2. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  3. ↑ Williams, Perry; Vessey, Chris (21 October 1996). "MIDI and home computer music composition and performance". University of Prince Edward Island. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  4. ↑ Karen Collins; Bill Kapralos; Holly Tessler (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Interactive Audio. Oxford University Press. p. 624. ISBN   978-0-19-979722-6. Archived from the original on 2018-02-26. Retrieved 2014-09-13.
  5. ↑ Olga Guriunova (2012). Art Platforms and Cultural Production on the Internet. Routledge. p. 162. ISBN   978-0-415-89310-7. Archived from the original on 2017-03-16. Retrieved 2014-09-13.
  6. ↑ Peter Moormann (11 August 2012). Music and Game: Perspectives on a Popular Alliance. Springer VS. p. 223. ISBN   978-3-531-18913-0. Archived from the original on 2018-02-26. Retrieved 2014-09-13.
  7. 1 2 Karen Collins (August 2008). Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and Practice of Video Game Music and Sound Design. MIT Press. p. 216. ISBN   978-0-262-03378-7 . Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  8. 1 2 Karen Collins (12 May 2008). From Pac-Man to Pop Music: Interactive Audio in Games and New Media (Kindle ed.). Ashgate Publishing. p. 250. ISBN   978-0-754-66200-6. Archived from the original on 29 October 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 4 OpenMPT. "OpenMPT Documentation". Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  10. ↑ SOS (May 1997). "RBF Software Octamed Soundstudio. The release of this tracker is welcome news for Amiga users, but it's also a glimpse of things to come on the PC platform. Amiga expert PAUL OVERAA puts the package through its paces". Sound on Sound . Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  11. ↑ Kalle Kaivola (1994). "ScreamTracker 3 manual (ST3.DOC)" . Retrieved February 17, 2020. Scream Tracker 3 supports the FM chip on SB cards. You can use a GUS for normal samples and SB for the FM-sound simultaneously.
  12. ↑ Karen Collins (2017). From Pac-Man to Pop Music. Routledge. pp. 153–162. ISBN   978-1-351-21772-9.
  13. ↑ Kopfstein, Janus (10 April 2012). "A brief video history of the demoscene in memory of Commodore boss Jack Tramiel". The Verge . Vox Media. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  14. ↑ Burns, Todd L. (September 30, 2008). "Deadmau5: It's complicated". Resident Advisor . Archived from the original on October 7, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  15. ↑ Levine, Mike (September 1, 2009). "Geeking Out With Infected Mushroom". Electronic Musician . Archived from the original on September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  16. ↑ Driscoll, Kevin; Diaz, Joshua (2009). "Endless loop: A brief history of chiptunes". Transformative Works and Cultures . 2. doi: 10.3983/twc.2009.096 . Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.

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