Nothrotherium

Nothrotherium Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene-Early Holocene (Uquian-Lujanian) ~1.8–0.010  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Skull of Nothrotherium
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Pilosa
Family:	† Nothrotheriidae
Subfamily:	† Nothrotheriinae
Genus:	† Nothrotherium Lydekker, 1889
Species
N. maquinense Lund, 1839 N. escrivanense Reinhardt, 1878
Synonyms
CoelodonLund, 1838 CaelodonLund, 1839 CoclodonLund, 1839 CyclodonLund, 1839 ToelodonLund, 1840 Hypocoelus Ameghino, 1891

Nothrotherium is an extinct genus of medium-sized ground sloth from South America (Bolivia, Brazil and the Ware Formation, La Guajira, Colombia). ^[1] It differs from Nothrotheriops in smaller size and differences in skull and hind leg bones.

Taxonomy

Nothrotherium is derived from the Greek nothros [νωθρός], meaning "lazy" or "slothful," and therion [θηρίον], "beast", and the species N. maquinense is named after the Maquiné Grotto in Brazil, where it was found. Synonyms such as Coelodon occasionally cause confusion where they occur in early texts such as that of Alfred Russel Wallace's major work, The Geographical Distribution of Animals (1876). ^[2] This genus formerly included the species Nothrotheriops shastensis , which was later moved to Nothrotheriops .

Description

Analysis of δ¹³C values of N. maquinense remains suggests that they were specialists feeding predominantly on C₃ vegetation. ^[3] Analysis of a coprolite associated with a N. maquinense skeleton in Brazil's Gruta dos Brejoes show it to have been a browser which fed on xerophytic leaves and fruits, ^[4] and it is sometimes thought to have been an inhabitant of open, peripheral forests, possibly having a semi-arboreal lifestyle, like the contemporaneous Cuban ground sloths and Diabolotherium . ^[5] Plant material in the Gruta dos Brejoes coprolite yielded a date of 12,200 ± 120 yr BP. ^{[6] [7]}

References

• Paleontology portal

1. Amson et al., 2016, p.12
2. Wallace, Alfred Russel (1876). The Geographical Distribution of Animals. Harper and brothers – via Internet Archive.
3. Dantas, Mário André Trindade; Vieira Araújo, André; Eltink Nogueira, Estevan; Alves Silva, Lais; Araujo Leoni, Ronaldo; Moura Fêlix, Pedro; Cherkinsky, Alexander (4 May 2021). "Isotopic paleoecology ( δ 13 C) of mesoherbivores from Late Pleistocene of Gruta da Marota, Andaraí, Bahia, Brazil" . Historical Biology . 33 (5): 643–651. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1650742. ISSN   0891-2963 . Retrieved 24 September 2024– via Taylor and Francis Online.
4. Duarte, L.; Souza, M. M. (1991). "Restos de vegetais conservados em coprólitos de mamíferos (Palaeolama sp. e Nothrotherium maquinense (Lund, Lydekker) na Gruta dos Brejoes, BA". Boletim de Resumos do XII Congresso Brasileiro de Paleotologia: 74.
5. Eisenberg, John F.; Redford, Kent H. (1989). Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil. University of Chicago Press. p. 34. ISBN   9780226195421.
6. Czaplewski, N. J.; Cartelle, Castor (1998). "Pleistocene bats from cave deposits in Bahia, Brazil". Journal of Mammalogy. 79 (3): 784–803. doi: 10.2307/1383089 . JSTOR   1383089.
7. Steadman, D. W.; et al. (2005). "Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (33): 11763–11768. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10211763S. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0502777102 . PMC   1187974 . PMID   16085711.

Bibliography

• Amson, Eli; Carrillo, Juan D.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2016), "Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology : 1–20, retrieved 2017-03-31

Further reading

• Classification of Mammals by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell