3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is a derivative of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) that is phosphorylated at the 3′ position and has a sulfate group attached to the 5′ phosphate. It is the most common coenzyme in sulfotransferase reactions and hence part of sulfation pathways. It is endogenously synthesized by organisms via the phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS), an intermediary metabolite. In humans such reaction is performed by bifunctional 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthases using ATP as the phosphate donor.
Adenylyl-sulfate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction of the reduction of adenylyl-sulfate/adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS) to sulfite through the use of an electron donor cofactor. The products of the reaction are AMP and sulfite, as well as an oxidized electron donor cofactor.
In enzymology, a chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme ent-kaurene synthase catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an adenylyl-sulfate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a sulfate adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT2B1 gene.
Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EPRS gene.
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FPGS gene.
Galactosylceramide sulfotransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GAL3ST1 gene.
Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAPSS2 gene.
Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT1B1 gene.
Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SLC27A2 gene.
59 kDa 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the OASL gene.
Sulfotransferase 1C4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT1C4 gene.
Adenosine 3'-phospho 5'-phosphosulfate transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC35B2 gene.
Bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDST2 gene.
Chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHSY1 gene.
Bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDST3 gene. It catalyses the reaction:
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + α-D-glucosaminyl-[heparan sulfate](n) = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H+ + N-sulfo-α-D-glucosaminyl-[heparan sulfate](n)
In biochemistry, carbohydrate sulfotransferases are enzymes within the class of sulfotransferases which catalyze the transfer of the sulfate functional group to carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Carbohydrates are used by cells for a wide range of functions from structural purposes to extracellular communication. Carbohydrates are suitable for such a wide variety of functions due to the diversity in structure generated from monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage positions, chain branching, and covalent modification. Possible covalent modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation. Sulfation, performed by carbohydrate sulfotransferases, generates carbohydrate sulfate esters. These sulfate esters are only located extracellularly, whether through excretion into the extracellular matrix (ECM) or by presentation on the cell surface. As extracellular compounds, sulfated carbohydrates are mediators of intercellular communication, cellular adhesion, and ECM maintenance.
