3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is a derivative of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) that is phosphorylated at the 3′ position and has a sulfate group attached to the 5′ phosphate. It is the most common coenzyme in sulfotransferase reactions and hence part of sulfation pathways. It is endogenously synthesized by organisms via the phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS), an intermediary metabolite. In humans such reaction is performed by bifunctional 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthases using ATP as the phosphate donor.
Adenylyl-sulfate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction of the reduction of adenylyl-sulfate/adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS) to sulfite through the use of an electron donor cofactor. The products of the reaction are AMP and sulfite, as well as an oxidized electron donor cofactor.
In enzymology, a phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKT3 gene.
In enzymology, a chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme ent-kaurene synthase catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a phosphoadenylylsulfatase (EC 3.6.2.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an adenylyl-sulfate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a riboflavin kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a sulfate adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT2B1 gene.
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FPGS gene.
Sulfotransferase 1C2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT1C2 gene.
Galactosylceramide sulfotransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GAL3ST1 gene.
Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAPSS2 gene.
Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH18A1 gene. This gene is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family and encodes a bifunctional ATP- and NADPH-dependent mitochondrial enzyme with both gamma-glutamyl kinase and gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase activities. The encoded protein catalyzes the reduction of glutamate to delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, a critical step in the de novo biosynthesis of proline, ornithine and arginine. Mutations in this gene lead to hyperammonemia, hypoornithinemia, hypocitrullinemia, hypoargininemia and hypoprolinemia and may be associated with neurodegeneration, cataracts and connective tissue diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding different isoforms, have been described for this gene. As reported by Bruno Reversade and colleagues, ALDH18A1 deficiency or dominant-negative mutations in P5CS in humans causes a progeroid disease known as De Barsy Syndrome.
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PFKFB1 gene.
Bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDST2 gene.
In biochemistry, carbohydrate sulfotransferases are enzymes within the class of sulfotransferases which catalyze the transfer of the sulfate functional group to carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Carbohydrates are used by cells for a wide range of functions from structural purposes to extracellular communication. Carbohydrates are suitable for such a wide variety of functions due to the diversity in structure generated from monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage positions, chain branching, and covalent modification. Possible covalent modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation. Sulfation, performed by carbohydrate sulfotransferases, generates carbohydrate sulfate esters. These sulfate esters are only located extracellularly, whether through excretion into the extracellular matrix (ECM) or by presentation on the cell surface. As extracellular compounds, sulfated carbohydrates are mediators of intercellular communication, cellular adhesion, and ECM maintenance.
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Pakistani type is a form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia involving PAPSS2. The condition is rare.
