POLRMT

POLRMT
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3SPA, 4BOC
Identifiers
Aliases	POLRMT , APOLMT, MTRNAP, MTRPOL, h-mtRPOL, polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial, RNA polymerase mitochondrial, COXPD55
External IDs	OMIM: 601778 MGI: 1915843 HomoloGene: 37996 GeneCards: POLRMT
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human) [1] Band 19p13.3 Start 617,221 bp [1] End 633,537 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse) [2] Band 10|10 C1 Start 79,571,957 bp [2] End 79,582,415 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lobe of liver gastrocnemius muscle anterior pituitary right lobe of thyroid gland prefrontal cortex tibial nerve left lobe of thyroid gland skin of abdomen right uterine tube caudate nucleus Top expressed in right ventricle internal carotid artery external carotid artery temporal muscle sternocleidomastoid muscle triceps brachii muscle motor neuron digastric muscle myocardium of ventricle morula More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity transferase activity DNA binding nucleotidyltransferase activity protein binding RNA binding mitochondrial promoter sequence-specific DNA binding sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component mitochondrial matrix mitochondrial nucleoid mitochondrion mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex protein-containing complex Biological process mitochondrial transcription transcription initiation from mitochondrial promoter mitochondrion organization transcription, DNA-templated Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5442 216151 Ensembl ENSG00000099821 ENSMUSG00000020329 UniProt O00411 Q8BKF1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005035 NM_172551 RefSeq (protein) NP_005026 NP_766139 NP_001394721 NP_001394722 NP_001394723 NP_001394724 NP_001394725 NP_001394726 NP_001394727 NP_001394728 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 0.62 – 0.63 Mb Chr 10: 79.57 – 79.58 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLRMT gene. ^{[5] [6]}

Function

This gene encodes a mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase. The gene product is responsible for mitochondrial gene expression as well as for providing RNA primers for initiation of replication of the mitochondrial genome. Although this polypeptide has the same function as the three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases, it is more closely related to RNA polymerases of bacteriophage (including T7 RNA polymerase), mitochondrial polymerases of lower eukaryotes as well as chloroplastic RpoT polymerases. ^[6]

Structure

The structure of the enzyme has been solved. It exhibits an overall structure similar to that of phage RNAP, but the initiation mechanism is different in that it requires initiation factors TFAM (only in mammals) and TFB2M. ^[7] Elongation requires the elongation factor TEFM. ^[8] The exact termination process is less understood, but MTERF1 is thought to play a role. ^[9]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000099821 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020329 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Tiranti V, Savoia A, Forti F, D'Apolito MF, Centra M, Rocchi M, Zeviani M (Jul 1997). "Identification of the gene encoding the human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (h-mtRPOL) by cyberscreening of the Expressed Sequence Tags database". Hum Mol Genet. 6 (4): 615–25. doi: 10.1093/hmg/6.4.615 . PMID   9097968.
6. "Entrez Gene: POLRMT polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial (DNA directed)".
7. Hillen, HS; Morozov, YI; Sarfallah, A; Temiakov, D; Cramer, P (16 November 2017). "Structural Basis of Mitochondrial Transcription Initiation". Cell. 171 (5): 1072–1081.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.036. PMC   6590061 . PMID   29149603.
8. Hillen, Hauke S.; Parshin, Andrey V.; Agaronyan, Karen; Morozov, Yaroslav I.; Graber, James J.; Chernev, Aleksandar; Schwinghammer, Kathrin; Urlaub, Henning; Anikin, Michael; Cramer, Patrick; Temiakov, Dmitry (November 2017). "Mechanism of Transcription Anti-termination in Human Mitochondria". Cell. 171 (5): 1082–1093.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.035. PMC   5798601 . PMID   29033127.
9. D'Souza, AR; Minczuk, M (20 July 2018). "Mitochondrial transcription and translation: overview". Essays in Biochemistry. 62 (3): 309–320. doi:10.1042/EBC20170102. PMC   6056719 . PMID   30030363.

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID   8125298.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID   9373149.
• Falkenberg M, Gaspari M, Rantanen A, et al. (2002). "Mitochondrial transcription factors B1 and B2 activate transcription of human mtDNA". Nat. Genet. 31 (3): 289–94. doi:10.1038/ng909. PMID   12068295. S2CID   11164308.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• McCulloch V, Shadel GS (2003). "Human mitochondrial transcription factor B1 interacts with the C-terminal activation region of h-mtTFA and stimulates transcription independently of its RNA methyltransferase activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (16): 5816–24. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.16.5816-5824.2003. PMC   166325 . PMID   12897151.
• Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, et al. (2004). "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19". Nature. 428 (6982): 529–35. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..529G. doi: 10.1038/nature02399 . PMID   15057824.
• Graziewicz MA, Longley MJ, Bienstock RJ, et al. (2004). "Structure-function defects of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase in autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11 (8): 770–6. doi:10.1038/nsmb805. PMID   15258572. S2CID   12460199.
• Gaspari M, Falkenberg M, Larsson NG, Gustafsson CM (2005). "The mitochondrial RNA polymerase contributes critically to promoter specificity in mammalian cells". EMBO J. 23 (23): 4606–14. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600465. PMC   533051 . PMID   15526033.
• Kravchenko JE, Rogozin IB, Koonin EV, Chumakov PM (2005). "Transcription of mammalian messenger RNAs by a nuclear RNA polymerase of mitochondrial origin". Nature. 436 (7051): 735–9. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..735K. doi:10.1038/nature03848. PMC   1352165 . PMID   16079853.
• Wang Z, Cotney J, Shadel GS (2007). "Human mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPL12 interacts directly with mitochondrial RNA polymerase to modulate mitochondrial gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (17): 12610–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M700461200 . PMC   2606046 . PMID   17337445.

External links

• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt : O00411 (Human DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial (POLRMT)) at the PDBe-KB .