PTPRG

PTPRG
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2H4V, 2HY3, 2NLK, 2PBN, 3JXH, 3QCB, 3QCC, 3QCD, 3QCE, 3QCF, 3QCG, 3QCH, 3QCI, 3QCJ, 3QCK, 3QCL, 3QCM, 3QCN
Identifiers
Aliases	PTPRG , HPTPG, PTPG, R-PTP-GAMMA, RPTPG, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type G, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type G
External IDs	OMIM: 176886 MGI: 97814 HomoloGene: 2129 GeneCards: PTPRG
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	62,297,609 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	Achilles tendon; ; lower lobe of lung; ; caput epididymis; ; synovial joint; ; oocyte; ; pericardium; ; corpus epididymis; ; urethra; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; popliteal artery;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein tyrosine phosphatase activity ; phosphatase activity ; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity ; protein binding ; phosphoprotein phosphatase activity ; hydrolase activity ; identical protein binding ;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane ; integral component of plasma membrane ; extracellular exosome ; membrane ; extracellular space ;
Biological process	regulation of homophilic cell adhesion ; protein dephosphorylation ; negative regulation of epithelial cell migration ; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway ; dephosphorylation ; brain development ; negative regulation of neuron projection development ; peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5793
	19270
	ENSG00000144724
	n/a
	P23470
	Q05909
	NM_002841 ; NM_001375471
	NM_008981 ; NM_001347593
	NP_002832 ; NP_001362400
	NP_001334522 ; NP_033007
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated August 13, 2023

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRG gene.^[4]^[5]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation.

This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this PTP contains a carbonic anhydrase-like (CAH) domain, which is also found in the extracellular region of PTPRBETA/ZETA. This gene is located in a chromosomal region that is frequently deleted in renal cell carcinoma and lung carcinoma, thus is thought to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene.^[5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protein tyrosine phosphatase</span> Class of enzymes

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.48, systematic name protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase) are a group of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins:

<i>PTEN</i> (gene) Tumor suppressor gene

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a phosphatase in humans and is encoded by the PTEN gene. Mutations of this gene are a step in the development of many cancers, specifically glioblastoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Genes corresponding to PTEN (orthologs) have been identified in most mammals for which complete genome data are available.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Of the 90 unique tyrosine kinase genes identified in the human genome, 58 encode receptor tyrosine kinase proteins. Receptor tyrosine kinases have been shown not only to be key regulators of normal cellular processes but also to have a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer. Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases lead to activation of a series of signalling cascades which have numerous effects on protein expression. Receptor tyrosine kinases are part of the larger family of protein tyrosine kinases, encompassing the receptor tyrosine kinase proteins which contain a transmembrane domain, as well as the non-receptor tyrosine kinases which do not possess transmembrane domains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PTPN11</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTP-1D), Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), or protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C (PTP-2C) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN11 gene. PTPN11 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) Shp2.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C also known as PTPRC is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRC gene. PTPRC is also known as CD45 antigen, which was originally called leukocyte common antigen (LCA).

Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an enzyme that is the founding member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. In humans it is encoded by the PTPN1 gene. PTP1B is a negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway and is considered a promising potential therapeutic target, in particular for treatment of type 2 diabetes. It has also been implicated in the development of breast cancer and has been explored as a potential therapeutic target in that avenue as well.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRF gene.

Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN2 gene.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta or VE-PTP is an enzyme specifically expressed in endothelial cells that in humans is encoded by the PTPRB gene.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTP4A1 gene.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S, also known as R-PTP-S, R-PTP-sigma, or PTPσ, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRS gene.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase PCP-2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRU gene.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRD gene.

Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 18 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN18 gene.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase kappa is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRK gene. PTPRK is also known as PTPkappa and PTPκ.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2 (R-PTP-N2) also known as islet cell autoantigen-related protein (ICAAR) and phogrin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRN2 gene. PTPRN and PTPRN2 are both found to be major autoantigens associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRT gene.

Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN9 gene.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase O is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRO gene.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase H is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRH gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000144724 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ LaForgia S, Morse B, Levy J, Barnea G, Cannizzaro LA, Li F, Nowell PC, Boghosian-Sell L, Glick J, Weston A, et al. (Jul 1991). "Receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase gamma is a candidate tumor suppressor gene at human chromosome region 3p21". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88 (11): 5036–40. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.5036L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.11.5036 . PMC 51802 . PMID 1711217.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: PTPRG protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G".

Kaplan R, Morse B, Huebner K, et al. (1990). "Cloning of three human tyrosine phosphatases reveals a multigene family of receptor-linked protein-tyrosine-phosphatases expressed in brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (18): 7000–4. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.7000K. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.18.7000 . PMC 54670 . PMID 2169617.
Krueger NX, Streuli M, Saito H (1990). "Structural diversity and evolution of human receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases". EMBO J. 9 (10): 3241–52. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07523.x. PMC 552056 . PMID 2170109.
Latif F, Tory K, Modi W, et al. (1993). "A MspI polymorphism and linkage mapping of the human protein-tyrosine phosphatase G (PTPRG) gene". Hum. Mol. Genet. 2 (1): 91. doi:10.1093/hmg/2.1.91. PMID 7683956.
Barnea G, Silvennoinen O, Shaanan B, et al. (1993). "Identification of a carbonic anhydrase-like domain in the extracellular region of RPTP gamma defines a new subfamily of receptor tyrosine phosphatases". Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (3): 1497–506. doi:10.1128/mcb.13.3.1497. PMC 359461 . PMID 8382771.
Kastury K, Ohta M, Lasota J, et al. (1997). "Structure of the human receptor tyrosine phosphatase gamma gene (PTPRG) and relation to the familial RCC t(3;8) chromosome translocation". Genomics. 32 (2): 225–35. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0109. PMID 8833149.
van Niekerk CC, Poels LG (1999). "Reduced expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma in lung and ovarian tumors". Cancer Lett. 137 (1): 61–73. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00344-9. PMID 10376795.
Kawachi H, Tamura H, Watakabe I, et al. (1999). "Protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta/RPTPbeta interacts with PSD-95/SAP90 family". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 72 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00204-1. PMID 10521598.
Liu S, Kulp SK, Sugimoto Y, et al. (2002). "Involvement of breast epithelial-stromal interactions in the regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase-gamma (PTPgamma) mRNA expression by estrogenically active agents". Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 71 (1): 21–35. doi:10.1023/A:1013343718942. PMID 11859871. S2CID 6175175.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Liu S, Sugimoto Y, Kulp SK, et al. (2003). "Estrogenic down-regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTP gamma) in human breast is associated with estrogen receptor alpha". Anticancer Res. 22 (6C): 3917–23. PMID 12553013.
Liu S, Sugimoto Y, Sorio C, et al. (2004). "Function analysis of estrogenically regulated protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPgamma) in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7". Oncogene. 23 (6): 1256–62. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207235 . PMID 14676845.
van Doorn R, Zoutman WH, Dijkman R, et al. (2005). "Epigenetic profiling of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: promoter hypermethylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes including BCL7a, PTPRG, and p73". J. Clin. Oncol. 23 (17): 3886–96. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.11.353 . PMID 15897551.
Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, et al. (2006). "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry". J. Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070–80. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMC 1850943 . PMID 16335952.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000144724 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid1711217-4] LaForgia S, Morse B, Levy J, Barnea G, Cannizzaro LA, Li F, Nowell PC, Boghosian-Sell L, Glick J, Weston A, et al. (Jul 1991). "Receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase gamma is a candidate tumor suppressor gene at human chromosome region 3p21". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88 (11): 5036–40. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.5036L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.11.5036 . PMC 51802 . PMID 1711217.

[entrez-5] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: PTPRG protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G".

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PTPRG

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading