Dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC14B gene. [5] [6]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase family. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc14, a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in the exit of cell mitosis and initiation of DNA replication, which suggests the role in cell cycle control. Specifically, it is thought to fulfil this role by bundling and stabilising microtubules. This protein has been shown to interact with and dephosphorylates tumor suppressor protein p53, and is thought to regulate the function of p53. Alternative splicing of this gene results in 3 transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [6]
CDC14B has been shown to interact with p53, potentially de-phosphorylate p53 at Serine 315 and thereby stabilize p53. [7] S315-phosphorylated p53, in contrast to other p53 phosphorylation, was shown to facilitate p53 degradation. [8] At the patho-physiological level, mice with CDC14B deletion were shown to exhibit early-onset ageing phenotypes. [9]
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a phosphatase in humans and is encoded by the PTEN gene. Mutations of this gene are a step in the development of many cancers, specifically glioblastoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Genes corresponding to PTEN (orthologs) have been identified in most mammals for which complete genome data are available.
The PHLPP isoforms are a pair of protein phosphatases, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, that are important regulators of Akt serine-threonine kinases and conventional/novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. PHLPP may act as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer due to its ability to block growth factor-induced signaling in cancer cells.
CHEK2 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the protein CHK2, a serine-threonine kinase. CHK2 is involved in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Mutations to the CHEK2 gene have been linked to a wide range of cancers.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14, also called p38-α, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK14 gene.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1, also known as polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) or serine/threonine-protein kinase 13 (STPK13), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLK1 gene.
M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 also known as dual specificity phosphatase Cdc25A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the cell division cycle 25 homolog A (CDC25A) gene.
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN12 gene.
Polo-like kinase 3 (Drosophila), also known as PLK3, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the PLK3 gene.
Cytoplasmic tyrosine-protein kinase BMX is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BMX gene.
Protein phosphatase 1D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPM1D gene.
Protein phosphatase 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPM1A gene.
Large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LATS1 gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC14A gene.
MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPKAPK3 gene.
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 18 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN18 gene.
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase kappa is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRK gene. PTPRK is also known as PTPkappa and PTPκ.
CTD small phosphatase-like protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CTDSPL gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 16 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP16 gene.
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 3B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SMEK2 gene.
The retinoblastoma protein is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers. One function of pRb is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to divide. When the cell is ready to divide, pRb is phosphorylated, inactivating it, and the cell cycle is allowed to progress. It is also a recruiter of several chromatin remodeling enzymes such as methylases and acetylases.