Parliament of South Ossetia

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Parliament of South Ossetia

Парламент Южной Осетии
Хуссар Ирыстоны Парламент
Parliament of South Ossetia Logo.png
Type
Type
Leadership
Alan Margiev, Nykhaz
since 24 June 2024
Structure
Seats34
South Ossetia Parliament 2024.svg
Political groups
Government
  •   Nykhaz (10)
  •   People's Party (5)

Supported by:

Opposition
Elections
Parallel voting
Last election
9 June 2024
Meeting place
Parliament RSO.jpg
Tskhinvali
Website
www.parliamentrso.org

The Parliament of South Ossetia is the unicameral legislature of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia. The 34 members of parliament are elected using a mixed system of Party-list proportional representation (17) and single-member districts (17). South Ossetia has a multi-party system, and currently 5 political parties are represented in parliament and has 6 independent MPs elected through single-member districts. The parliament is headed by a speaker, who is elected from among the members. Since 15 September 2022 the speaker of parliament is Alan Alborov, one of the four deputees of the Nykhaz party of president Alan Gagloev, after Alan Tadtaev of United Ossetia was forced to resign. [1] [2]

Contents

History

Damage to the Parliament building in August 2008 Ryzhenkova Solidarnost 5.jpg
Damage to the Parliament building in August 2008

The parliament of South Ossetia meets in the capital Tskhinvali. The parliament building was built in 1937 as the Soviet of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast. [3]

On 10 November 1989, the Soviet of the South Ossetian AO requested the Soviet Union elevate the AO into an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics. This resulted in the "War of Laws", a period of intense legal debates between officials from the South Ossetian AO the Georgian SSR and the USSR which would turn into open warfare between Georgian and Ossetian militias and the Soviet Army near the end of 1990. [4]

During the Russo-Georgian war of 2008 the building, and its neighboring administrative complex, was shelled by artillery by the Georgian Army. After initially denying that they targeted the building, Georgian chief of staff, Zaza Gogava, issued a statement that the parliament building, and its nearby offices, were holding various South Ossetian militia's headquarters, and that the artillery hit no civilian targets. Human Rights Watch and the Red Cross both noted the incident as a potential violation of article 8 of the Rome Statute, however, if there were South Ossetian militants in the building, it would not be a war crime. [5] [6] [7]

Following the war, Parliament and the area around it, including Tskhinvali's Jewish quarter, were largely demolished and rebuilt as a new model city by Russian officials. [8]

Latest election

Since 2020, three opposition parties, Nykhaz, the People's Party and Unity of the People entered a coalition. After the 2022 South Ossetian presidential election saw Nykhaz's Alan Gagloev win the Presidency, this opposition coalition becoming the governing minority government. This has resulted in gridlock and a hung parliament due to United Ossetia's opposition to the government.

Following the 2024 election, where Nykhaz won 10 direct seats, and the support of 3 independents, their coalition with the People's Party was preserved, with the Communist Party also announcing their support of the government, bringing the coalition to an outright majority of 21.

List of speakers

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Ossetia</span> Partially recognized state in the South Caucasus

South Ossetia, officially the Republic of South Ossetia–State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked country in the South Caucasus. It has an officially stated population of just over 56,500 people (2022), who live in an area of 3,900 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi), with 33,000 living in the capital city, Tskhinvali.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</span> 1989–present conflict between Georgia and the partially recognized South Ossetia

The Georgian–Ossetian conflict is an ethno-political conflict over Georgia's former autonomous region of South Ossetia, which evolved in 1989 and developed into a war. Despite a declared ceasefire and numerous peace efforts, the conflict remained unresolved. In August 2008, military tensions and clashes between Georgia and South Ossetian separatists erupted into the Russo-Georgian War. Since then, South Ossetia has been under a de-facto Russian control.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast</span> Autonomous region of the Soviet Union within the Georgian SSR from 1922 to 1990

The South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast was an autonomous oblast of the Soviet Union created within the Georgian SSR on April 20, 1922. It was an ethnic enclave created for the Ossetians within Georgia by Soviets as a reward for their political loyalty during the 1921 Soviet invasion of Georgia. Its autonomy was revoked on December 11, 1990 by the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR after illegally holding rival elections, leading to the First South Ossetian War. Currently, its territory is controlled by the breakaway Republic of South Ossetia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Ossetia war (1991–1992)</span> 20th-century war

The 1991–1992 South Ossetia War was fought between Georgian government forces and ethnic Georgian militias on one side and the forces of South Ossetian separatists and Russia on the other. The war ended with a Dagomys Agreement, signed on 24 June 1992, which established a joint peacekeeping force and left South Ossetia divided between the rival authorities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anatoly Bibilov</span> President of South Ossetia from 2017 to 2022

Anatoly Ilyich Bibilov is a South Ossetian military officer, was the fourth president of South Ossetia. He succeeded Leonid Tibilov as president on 21 April 2017 to 24 May 2022, following his election victory, but was defeated by Alan Gagloev in the 2022 election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 South Ossetian presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in South Ossetia on 9 April 2017 alongside a referendum on changing the official name of the state to "Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania", or "South Ossetia–Alania" for short. Incumbent President Leonid Tibilov ran for a second and final term in office, but was defeated by Anatoly Bibilov of the United Ossetia party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 South Ossetian presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in the disputed territory of South Ossetia on 10 April 2022. As none of the presidential nominees obtained at least 50% of the votes, a runoff was held on 8 May 2022, between the top two candidates, Alan Gagloev and incumbent president Anatoly Bibilov.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia</span> Proposed Russian annexation of part of Georgia

South Ossetia is a partially recognized and Russian-occupied separatist state internationally recognized as part of Georgia. It is mainly inhabited by Ossetians, an ethnic group also dominant in North Ossetia, which is part of Russia. South Ossetia separated itself from Georgia following the 1991–1992 South Ossetia War with the help of Russia, remaining ever since as a state closely allied with this country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alan Gagloev</span> President of South Ossetia since 2022

Alan Eduardovich Gagloev, also transliterated as Gagloyev, is a South Ossetian politician and former intelligence officer, who is the fifth and current president of South Ossetia since 2022. He also served as chairman of the Nykhaz party from 2020 to 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nykhaz</span> Political party in South Ossetia

Nykhaz is a political party in South Ossetia founded in 2013 by supporters of Independent president Leonid Tibilov. Its members and supporters are referred to as Nykhasovites in local media.

Konstantin Khasanovich Dzhussoev is a South Ossetian politician serving as the Prime Minister of South Ossetia since 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Sanakoev</span> South Ossetian military officer and politician

David Georgievich Sanakoev is an Ossetian separatist, indicted war criminal, politician, diplomat, and international fugitive, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Ossetia from 2012 to 2015, during the presidency of Leonid Tibilov.

Zita Grigorievna Besayeva is a South Ossetian politician who has been a member of the Parliament of South Ossetia since 2014. Following the election of Alan Gagloev as President of South Ossetia, she has served as the chairwoman of the ruling Nykhaz party since February 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 South Ossetian parliamentary election</span>

Parliamentary elections were held in South Ossetia on 9 June 2024 to determine the composition of the South Ossetian Parliament, the legislature of the partially recognized Caucasian Republic of South Ossetia, which most of the United Nations recognizes as part of Georgia. In the 2022 presidential elections South Ossetia's opposition came to power for the first time since 2012, however, the government has been plagued by scandals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alan Alborov (politician)</span> South Ossetian politician

Alan Alborov is an Ossetian politician from partially recognized South Ossetia and former speaker of the Parliament of South Ossetia from September 2022 to June 2024. Alborov has served as the founding chairman of the Nykhaz political party, as well as the mayor of the capital city of Tskhinvali.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1990 South Ossetian Supreme Soviet election</span>

Supreme Soviet elections were held in the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast on 9 December 1990. The disputed elections took place during a period of extreme ethnic unrest in Georgia during the collapse of the Soviet Union. South Ossetia declared independence from Georgia and held elections in response to regional political parties being barred from the 1990 Georgian Supreme Soviet election. In response, Georgia declared martial law, which culminated in the start of the South Ossetian War.

Garry Muldarov is a politician from the small, partially recognized, South Caucasian Republic of South Ossetia, serving as a member of parliament since 2019 as a member of the pro-Russian establishment United Ossetia, however, would leave the party in 2021 to become a political independent.

Atsamaz Bibilov is an Ossetian politician from the partially recognized Caucasian Republic of South Ossetia, which most of the UN recognizes as part of Georgia, occupied by Russia. Bibilov is a member of the Parliament of South Ossetia, being the chairman of its defense and security committee, one of the senior leadership roles.

Amiran Dyakonov is an Ossetian politician from the partially recognized Caucasian Republic of South Ossetia, which most of the UN recognizes as part of Georgia, occupied by Russia. Dyakonov is a veteran legislator for the People's Party, previously being a member of the Unity Party.

On August 28, 2020, in South Ossetia, the South Ossetian Police reported that a suspect in a murder plot against Igor Naniyev, the Minister of Internal Affairs, Inal Djabiev, had died in custody. After it was revealed that Djabiev was not only innocent, but also brutally tortured to death, massive protests erupted in the capital of South Ossetia, Tskhinvali, demanding reform to not only to the police, but also the entire legal system of the partially recognized Republic.

References

  1. "New Speaker of the Parliament of South Ossetia's criminal past". JAM News. 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  2. "Speaker of the Parliament of South Ossetia Alan Alborov invited to pay an official visit to the State Duma of Russia" (in Russian). RES agency. 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  3. "Dozens of Unique Historical And Cultural Monuments Were Obliterated and Demolished On the Territory of the Republic of South Ossetia". OSRadio. 5 October 2008. Archived from the original on 2013-07-30. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
  4. Saparov, Arsène (2010). "From Conflict to Autonomy: The Making of the South Ossetian Autonomous Region 1918-1922". Europe-Asia Studies. 62 (1): 99–123. doi:10.1080/09668130903385416. ISSN   0966-8136. JSTOR   27752421. S2CID   143873830 . Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  5. "Independent International Fact-Finding Mission On The Conflict In Georgia". Red Cross . Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  6. "War Crimes". UN . Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  7. نيستات, آنا (23 January 2009). "Up In Flames". Human Rights Watch . Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  8. "14 Years after the War: Russia's Efforts to Reconstruct South Ossetia". pyl.media. 17 August 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2024.