Supreme Council (Transnistria)

Last updated

Supreme Council of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
Sovietul Suprem al RMN
Советул Супрем ал РМН
Верховный Совет ПМР
Верховна Рада ПМР
Logo of the Supreme Council (Transnistria).png
Type
Type
Leadership
Chairman
Alexander Korshunov, Obnovlenie
since 6 February 2019
Structure
Seats33
Transnistria Supreme Council diagram.svg
Political groups
   Obnovlenie (29)
   Independents (4)
Elections
Last election
 29 November 2020
Meeting place
Verkhovnyi sovet i pravitel'stvo PMR.jpg
Supreme Council Building, Tiraspol, Transnistria
Website
en.vspmr.org

The Supreme Council of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic [1] [lower-alpha 1] is the unicameral legislature of the internationally-unrecognised state of Transnistria. It consists of 33 seats, all of which are determined by single mandate constituencies and is headed by a chairman (or speaker).

Contents

History

The Republic of Moldova still considers Transnistria to be part of its territory, although the Second Congress of People's Deputies declared separation from the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova on 2 September 1990 as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. As Transnistria was not an autonomous region before the declaration of its independence, it had no government bodies of its own in the Soviet Union. This meant that all government authorities had to be formed from scratch.

On 2 September 1990, the Second Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of all levels of Transnistria elected the Provisional Supreme Council of Transnistria, which was tasked to prepare elections to the permanent Supreme Council. Igor Smirnov was elected chairman of the Provisional Supreme Council in March 1990. After Smirnov was elected Chairman of the Republic (later this post was transformed into the presidential office) on 29 November 1990 he was succeeded by Vladimir Gonchar. [5]

On 25 November 1990, the first legislative elections to the Supreme Council of PMR took place in Transnistria. The first Supreme Council was bicameral: it consisted of two chambers – the Council of the Republic and the Council of Nationalities. The Supreme Council was elected for a five-year term and consisted of 64 deputies. On 30 January 1991, the Supreme Council elected native-born Transnistrian of Moldovan origin Grigore Mărăcuță as its chairman. [6]

After referendum in 1995 and the adoption of the second Constitution of Transnistria, the composition of the Supreme Council changed. The Council of the Republic was replaced by the Chamber of Legislators and the Council of Nationalities by the Chamber of Representatives. The second Supreme Council was elected for a five-year term and consisted of 67 deputies (32 in the lower house and 35 in the upper house). Elections to the second Supreme Council took place on 24 December 1995. [7]

In 2000 amendments were made in the Constitution of PMR leading to new change in the organization of the Supreme Council. It became unicameral and consisted of 43 deputies. [8]

Until 2005, the chairman of the parliament was Grigore Mărăcuță, but following the election victory of the opposition party Obnovlenie the new chairman became Obnovlenie party leader Yevgeny Shevchuk.

In 2009, President Igor Smirnov set up a commission to draft a new constitution. On 22 July 2009, Shevchuk resigned as speaker and was succeeded by Russian-born ethnic Ukrainian Anatoly Kaminski, also from Obnovlenie. [9] Shevchuk cited the newly proposed constitution as a major factor as to why he resigned. [10] He defeated both Smirnov and his former colleague Kaminski in the 2011 presidential elections. Following his defeat in the elections Kaminski resigned both as speaker and as head of Obnovlenie. He was succeeded by Mikhail Burla, an ethnic Ukrainian.

Members of parliament

Most of the members of parliament are native-born Transnistrians. According to official PMR data, 22 of the 43 members of the parliament were born in PMR, while four were born in Moldova, seven were born in Russia, six in Ukraine and four did not declare. [11]

List of speakers

Notes

  1. ↑ Romanian: Sovietul Suprem al Republicii Moldovenești Nistrene, Moldovan Cyrillic: Советул Супрем ал Републичий Молдовенешть Нистрене; [2] Russian: Верховный Совет Приднестровской Молдавской Республики, romanized: Verkhovnyy Sovet Pridnestrovskoy Moldavskoy Respubliki; [3] Ukrainian: Верховна Рада Придністровської Молдавської Республіки, romanized: Verkhovna Rada Prydnistrovs'koyi Moldavs'koyi Respubliky [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transnistria</span> Unrecognised state in Eastern Europe

Transnistria, officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and locally as Pridnestrovie, is a breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova. It controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldova–Ukraine border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank. Its capital and largest city is Tiraspol. Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester or as Stînga Nistrului.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Igor Smirnov (politician)</span> First President of Transnistria

Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov is a Russian-born Transnistrian politician who served as the first president (1991–2011) of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Obnovlenie</span> Political party in the unrecognized state of Transnistria

Obnovlenie, officially the Republican Party "Obnovlenie", is a political party in the unrecognized state of Transnistria, an entity that is internationally recognized as part of Moldova. It has been the parliamentary majority in the Supreme Council since 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chairman of the Presidium of Pridnestrovia</span>

The Chairman of the Presidium of Pridnestrovia previously led the government of Transnistria from the time of its creation until the government was reorganized in late 1991.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aleksandr Ivanovich Korolyov</span> Transnistrian politician (born 1959)

Aleksandr Ivanovich Korolyov is a Transnistrian politician. He is of Russian ethnicity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yevgeny Shevchuk</span> President of Transnistria from 2011 to 2016

Yevgeny Vasilyevich Shevchuk is a Transnistrian former politician who served as the second President of Transnistria, from 2011 to 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grigory Marakutsa</span> Transnistrian politician (born 1942)

Grigory Stepanovich Marakutsa ; born 15 October 1942 in Teiu, Grigoriopol District) is a Transnistrian politician and member of the Pridnestrovian Supreme Soviet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution of Transnistria</span> Fundamental law of Transnistria

The current Constitution of Transnistria was approved by national referendum on 24 December 1995, and signed into law by the President of Transnistria on 17 January 1996. As part of the territory's move towards market based reforms, it was modified on 30 June 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Referendums in Transnistria</span>

Referendums in Transnistria, according to the Transnistrian Constitution, are one of the lawful forms of expression of people's will.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2005 Transnistrian parliamentary election</span>

Parliamentary elections were held in Transnistria on 11 December 2005. They were won by the Obnovlenie, an NGO which, together with their allies, beat long-time President Igor Smirnov's Republic party. Following its victory, in June 2006, Obnovlenie was registered as a political party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anatoliy Kaminski</span> Transnistrian politician

Anatoliy Vladimirovich Kaminski is an ethnic Ukrainian politician from Transnistria, former speaker of the Supreme Council of Transnistria and former chairman of Obnovlenie.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1991 Transnistrian presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in the breakaway republic of Transnistria on 1 December, 1991. These were the first such elections in the newly founded Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, and were won by Igor Smirnov, one of the country's founders. Smirnov faced two opponents: Grigore Mărăcuţă and Grigoriy Blagodarniy. Mărăcuţă would become an ally of Smirnov and was speaker of the Supreme Council until 2005. According to an article by the ethnic Russian researcher from Moldova Alla Skvortsova from 2002, "polls and elections in the PMR may to some extent have been rigged".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armed Forces of Transnistria</span> Military forces of the state of Transnistria

The Armed Forces of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic are the military forces of the unrecognized state of Transnistria. The Armed Forces fall under the leadership of the Ministry of Defence. The Armed Forces were created on 6 September 1991 to maintain the sovereignty and independence of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, in accordance with Article 11 of the Republic's Constitution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 Transnistrian parliamentary election</span>

Parliamentary elections were held in Transnistria on 12 December 2010. All 43 seats of the Supreme Council of Transnistria were up for election. Transnistria uses first past the post with 43 single seat constituencies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vice President of Transnistria</span> Second person in Transnistria

The vice president of Transnistria was a political position in that unrecognized state. The vice president was the deputy head of state. The position was abolished in 2011. The Vice-President was elected concurrently with the president for a 5-year term through general elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 Transnistrian presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in Transnistria on 11 December 2011. As no candidate received more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a run-off was held on 25 December.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nina Shtanski</span> Transnistrian politician

Nina Viktorovna Shtanski is a Transnistrian former state politician and public figure. She has been the Deputy Prime Minister for the International Cooperation of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic from 24 January 2012 to 2 September 2015. Ph.D. (2012). She became an honoured foreign service officer of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic in 2012. She held the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vadim Krasnoselsky</span> Transnistrian politician (born 1970)

Vadim Nikolayevich Krasnoselsky is a Transnistrian politician who is the 3rd and current President of Transnistria. Previously, he served as a member of the Supreme Council of Transnistria from the 7th district, as 6th Speaker of the Supreme Council (2015–2016) and the 7th Minister of the Interior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republic Day of Transnistria</span> State holiday in Transnistria

Republic Day also known in the West as Independence Day or National Day is the main state holiday in the self-proclaimed republic of Transnistria. This date is celebrated annually on September 2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic</span>

The Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR was the supreme soviet of the Moldavian SSR and later the independent Republic of Moldova from 1941 to 1993. The last elections of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR were held in 1990 and 371 deputies were elected.

References

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.