Puri Estate | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1809–1947 | |||||||||||
Capital | Puri | ||||||||||
Common languages | Odia | ||||||||||
Religion | Hinduism | ||||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||
Gajapati | |||||||||||
• 1809–1817 | Mukundeva Deva II | ||||||||||
• 1926–1947 | Ramchandra Deva IV | ||||||||||
Historical era | Modern period | ||||||||||
• Established | 1809 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1947 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Today part of | Odisha, India |
The Puri Estate was an estate ruled by the main branch of the Bhoi dynasty, who were reinstated in Puri in 1809 following the 1804 rebellion against the British and annexation of the Khurda Kingdom which were under their control. After the rebellion led by the Khurda king, Mukunda Deva II, the British decided to take control of the administration of the Khurda kingdom and Mukunda Deva II was exiled to Cuttack and Mindapore but was later reinstated and pensioned off to Puri to remain as a titular head of the dynasty while retaining control over the Jagannath Temple. [1] [2]
They were the ruling kings of Puri and inherited the titular legacy of the historical ruling chiefs of Odisha invested in the title of Gajapati. [3] [4] They also exercised administrative control of the Jagannath Temple at Puri until the independence of India. [5]
The title of Gajapati and the control of the Jagannath temple of Puri was in the hands of the rulers of the Bhoi dynasty who ruled as the chiefs of the Khurda kingdom. After the 1804 rebellion of Mukunda Deva II, the British confiscated the Khurda kingdom thus annexing it to the Orissa division. Mukunda Deva II was later reinstated at Puri in 1809 to continue as the titular Gajapati but the state was reduced to a Zamindari. However, he successfully retained the administrative control of the Jagannath temple in the sacred temple-city of Puri with the help of British legislation, as the title represented an important socio-political institution in the region of Orissa. Thus the loss of political power was compsensated by building a religious institution through the superintendence of the hereditary temple of the Gajapati kings of Orissa by investing it in the institution of the Kings of Puri. [1] [6] Mukundeva Deva II's grandson Birakesari Deva II became the king in 1854 but since he was childless, he along with his wife, Rani Suryamani Patamahadei adopted a prince from the zamindari of Badakhemundi. [7] [8] [9] With the prince's accession to the throne as Gajapati Dibyasingha Deva III in 1859. During his reign he was involved in a court case which prompted the British to take over the administration of the temple but followed by the agitations and petitions of the temple priests decided to repeal and grant administration to the Gajapati's mother Rani Suryamani Patamahadei and recognised his son, Mukundeva Deva III as the next titular Gajapati. [6]
On 2 October 1918, Mukundeva Deva III adopted Lal Mohini Mohan Deb, the third son of Raja Satchidananda Tribhuban Deb of the Bamra State as his heir. Lal Mohini Mohan Deb took the regnal name of Gajapati Ramachandra Deb IV upon accession to the throne of Puri and Gajapati on 14 February 1926. [4] He remained at the helm as the superintendent of the hereditary temple of Puri until the independence of India in 1947. [10]
After independence, the Indian Constitution brought in a republican system of government and it was followed up by the Odisha government which passed the Shri Jagannath Temple Act, 1955 formally took over the management and affairs of the temple. The Gajapati was hence retained as the Chairman of the Temple Managing Committee which the current head of the dynasty, Dibyasingha Deb fulfils along with the members of the committee appointed by the govt of Odisha. [11] [12] [13] [14] [6]
The ceremonial regnal title of the Gajapati Maharaja is as follows: [15]
Shree Shree Shree Veerashree Gajapati Goudeswar Nabakotikarnatatkala Kalabaragesvara Viradhiviravar Bhuta Vairaba Sadhu Sasnotirna Routraja Atula Balaparakrama Sahasra Bahu Kshetriyakula Dhumaketu Maharaja Adhiraja (regnal name)
The cyclical order the names of the Gajapati Maharaja: [16]
The heir to the current titular Gajapati, Dibyasingha Deva IV upon accession will take the regnal name of Mukunda Deva IV.
The rulers of Puri and Gajapati Maharajah:
The Jagannath Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Jagannath, a form of Vishnu in Hinduism. It is located in Puri in the state of Odisha, situated on the eastern coast of India. As per temple records, King Indradyumna of Avanti built the main temple of Jagannath at Puri. The present temple was rebuilt from the tenth century onwards, on the site of the pre-existing temples in the compound, but not the main Jagannath temple, and begun by Anantavarman Chodaganga, the first king of the Eastern Ganga dynasty. Many of the temple rituals are based on Oddiyana Tantras which are the refined versions of Mahayana Tantras as well as Shabari Tantras which are evolved from Tantric Buddhism and tribal beliefs respectively. The local legends link the idols with aboriginal tribes and the daitapatis (servitors) claim to be descendants of the aboriginals. The temple is one of the 108 Abhimana Kshethram of the Vaishnavite tradition.
The history of Odisha begins in the Lower Paleolithic era, as Acheulian tools dating to the period have been discovered in various places in the region. The early history of Odisha can be traced back to writings found in ancient texts like the Mahabharata, Maha Govinda Sutta and some Puranas. The region was also known to other kingdoms in region of East Indies due to maritime trade relations.
The Gajapati Empire, was an empire established by the Suryavamsa dynasty or Routray dynasty, who were a medieval Hindu dynasty in the Indian subcontinent. It originated in the region of Trikalinga and reigned from 1434 to 1541 CE. It succeeded the reign of the Eastern Gangas. Under the Emperor Kapilendra Deva, the Gajapati empire stretched from lower Ganga in the north to Kaveri in the south.
The Eastern Ganga dynasty were a large medieval era Indian royal Hindu dynasty that reigned from Kalinga from as early as the 5th century to the mid 20th century. Eastern Gangas ruled much of the modern region of Odisha in three different phases by the passage of time, known as Early Eastern Gangas (493–1077), Imperial Eastern Gangas (1077–1436) and Khemundi Gangas (1436–1947). They are known as "Eastern Gangas" to distinguish them from the Western Gangas who ruled over Karnataka. The territory ruled by the dynasty consisted of the whole of the modern-day Indian state of Odisha, as well as major parts of north Andhra Pradesh, parts of Chhattisgarh and some southern districts of West Bengal. Odia language got official status in their regime following the evolution of the language from Odra Prakrit. The early rulers of the dynasty ruled from Dantapuram; the capital was later moved to Kalinganagara, and ultimately to Kataka and then to Paralakhemundi.
Jayakrushna Rajaguru Mohapatra popularly known as Jayee Rajaguru or Jayi Rajaguru was a prominent figure of the Indian independence movement in the state of Odisha. A princely-priest by profession at the court of the Khurda kingdom, Rajaguru revolted against the British East India Company in the province. Whilst collaborating with the Marathas to recapture the British-controlled province, a Maratha messenger was caught by the British and Rajaguru's secret strategies got exposed. Upon failure of his removal from the king's court, a British force attacked the fort of Khurda and captured Rajaguru. He was later sentenced to death and hanged in Baghitota, Midnapore.
Kapilendra Deva was the founder of the Suryavamsa Gajapati Empire that ruled parts of eastern and southern India with the present-day Odisha as the center of the empire. He ascended to the throne after staging a military coup against the preceding and the last ruler from the Eastern Ganga dynasty, Bhanu Deva IV. He is also referred to as Kapilendra Routray or Sri Sri Kapilendra Deva. Kapilendra claimed descent from the Surya Vamsha of the Mahābhārata and was conferred the regnal title Shri Shri ...(108 times) Gajapati Gaudeshwara NabaKoti Karnata Kalabargeswara i.e. the Lord of Bengal (Gauda), the lord of the Karnataka region or Vijayanagara, the Lord of Kalaburagi and of nine crore subjects.
Gahana Bije is the ceremonial visit which is done by once in a generation of the Gajapati Queens of Odisha where they do special Puja to Lord Jagannatha.
The Bhanja dynasty is a dynasty that originated in the northern and central regions of modern Odisha before the Gupta Empire became an imperial power. The dynasty, of ancient local Kshatriya lineage as documented by Hermann Kulke, succeeded the Vindhyatabi branch of the Nagas of Padmavati, who ruled from the Keonjhar district of Odisha and included Satrubhanja of the Asanpat inscription. The Bhanj later became feudatories of the Bhauma-Kara dynasty.
Shri Jagannath Temple Act, 1955 is an Act of Odisha Legislative Assembly enacted to control the management and affairs of the Jagannath Temple at Puri.
Dibyasingha Deba, known by the symbolic regnal title as Gajapati Maharaja Divyasingha Deva IV, is the current Gajapati Maharaja and the King of Puri. He is the current head of the house of Bhoi dynasty, who were the hereditary rulers of the ancient realm of Trikalinga, medieval era Khurda Kingdom and the rulers of the Puri Estate, with their current capital located at Puri. The Gajapati Maharaja is the current Adhyasevaka of Lord Jagannatha and among many rituals is involved in 'Chhera Pahara', the ritual involving the symbolic cleaning of the raths during Ratha Yatra (Puri). He is also the chairman of the Shri Jagannatha Temple Managing Committee of the Jagannath Temple at Puri.
Aul is a town and the headquarters of Aul CD Block and Aul Tehsil in Kendrapara district in the Indian state of Odisha. It is 17 km from Chandabali. Aul is surrounded by the river Kharasrota and Brahmani on north and south respectively. To its east is Bhitarkanika National Park.
Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II was the Odia monarch of the Paralakhemundi Estate in the southern part of today's Odisha and northern Andhra Pradesh. He was from the Eastern Ganga dynasty of the Khemundi Ganga Branch from the year 1736 CE to 1771 CE. He had ascended to the throne at the age of eighteen and at a time when Odisha was torn apart due conflicts between external powers like the Mughals, Marathas, French and British for control of the territory. He invaded khurdha Bhoi dynasty king Birakishore Deva and Vizianagaram estate King Pusapati Vijayarama Raju II and defeated the both kings. He made the last great attempts on his own to revive the lost glory of Odisha and its unique Hindu culture that revolved around the tradition of Jagannath worship. He had defied the authority of the Nizam of Hyderabad and maintained his own sovereignty. He was one of the first rulers who indulged in conflicts with the new European colonists in the eastern part of India. He was also effort bound till the end of his life in framing strategic diplomatic plans to free the ancient land of Odisha from external aggressors and revival of its lost Eastern Ganga Dynasty-Gajapati glory from the past.
The Odia calendar is a solar calendar used by the Odia people from the Odisha region of the Indian subcontinent. The calendar follows the sidereal solar cycle while using the lunar Purnimanta phase for the religious dates. The New Year in the Odia calendar is known as Maha Bishuba Sankranti or Pana Sankranti. It occurs on the first day of the traditional solar month of Meṣa, hence equivalent lunar month Baisakha. The Odia calendar follows the Utkaliya era, which began on Bhādra śukla dvādaśī from 592 CE.
The Bhoi dynasty or the Yaduvamsa dynasty were a medieval Hindu dynasty from the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Odisha that reigned from 1541 to 1560 CE. Govinda Vidyadhara had usurped the throne from the later weaker Suryavamsa Gajapati Empire rulers as the kingdom started weakening but had a short-lived reign as ruling chiefs of Odisha as the ensuing internal rivalries and constant threats of invasions rendered them weak and were eventually overthrown by Mukunda Deva of Chalukya dynasty in 1560.
Anka year system is a unique regnal year system used in the state of Odisha, India and was instituted by the rulers of the Eastern Ganga dynasty for dating their reigns. It had a number of features that mark the regnal year different from that actual duration of the year elapsed during the reign. The system still survives today and is used in the Odia calendar (panji) to mark the titular regnal year of the Gajapati Maharaja which is currently held by Divyasingha Deva IV of the Bhoi dynasty, whose title carries the legacy of the historical ruling monarchs of Odisha.
Mukunda Deva or Mukunda Harichandana was the founder of "Chalukya dynasty" in ancient Orissa. He traced his descent from the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi. He was the sole monarch of his dynasty and the last independent ruler of Odisha before it lost its unitary realm and independence in 1568 CE. He came to the throne at Kataka in 1559 after killing Raghuram Raya Chotaraya, the last Bhoi ruler. During his reign he tried to revive the power of Orissa.
Gajapati Rāmachandra Deva I was the founder of the Bhoi dynasty of Khurda in Odisha, India. He became the ruler of Khurda kingdom after defeating Mukunda Deva in 1568. He claimed descent from the Yaduvanshi dynasty which features prominenetly in the Indian epic, Mahabharata. The Odia populace gave him the title of "Thakura Raja" as a mark of respect for renovating the damaged Hindu temples that were destroyed by the invasion of Kalapahad. He was titled as Vira Sri Gajapati Viradhi Viravara Pratapi Ramachandra Deva.
Gajapati is a regnal title from the region of modern Odisha in the Indian subcontinent. The word ‘Gajapati’ in Odia refers to "Gaja" meaning elephant and "Pati" meaning master or husband. Thus Gajapati etymologically means a king with an army of elephants. The institution of Gajapati kingship as a title was used by the Eastern Ganga dynasty and was used by succeeding dynasties, as Gajapati dynasties, with the patronisation of Lord Jagannatha as the imperial deity of the Odia cultural realm. Four ruling dynasties have been part of Gajapati kingship or dynasties.
The Bengal sultanate conquest of Orissa in 1568 was a military campaign led by the Karrani dynasty of the Bengal Sultanate under Sulaiman Khan Karrani. The objective was to overthrow the Chalukyan rule of Orissa under Mukunda Deva and the rebellion led by Sarangagarh feudatory Ramachandra Bhanja. The Bengal forces achieved victory, resulting in the annexation of Odisha into the Sultanate. Odisha remained part of the Bengal Sultanate until its eventual annexation by the Mughal Empire in 1592.
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(help)Shree Shree Shree Veerashree Gajapati Goudeswar Nabakotikarnatatkala Kalabaragesvara Viradhiviravar Bhuta Vairaba Sadhu Sasnotirna Routraja Atula Balaparakrama Sahasra Bahu Kshetriyakula Dhumaketu Maharaja Adhiraja...