This article possibly contains original research .(May 2019) |
Bargarh district | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 21°19′59″N83°36′58″E / 21.333°N 83.616°E | |
Country | India |
State | Odisha |
Headquarters | Bargarh |
Government | |
• Collector and District Magistrate | Mrs. Monisha Banerjee, IAS |
• Divisional Forest Officer Cum Wildlife Warden | Sandeep Pratly, IFS |
• Superintendent of Police | Smit Parmar, IPS |
Area | |
• Total | 5,837 km2 (2,254 sq mi) |
Population (2011) | |
• Total | 1,481,255 |
• Rank | 13 |
• Density | 253/km2 (660/sq mi) |
Languages | |
• Official | Odia, English |
• Spoken | Sambalpuri |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 768 028 |
Telephone code | 6683, 6684, 6685,0 6646 |
Vehicle registration | OD-17 |
Sex ratio | 976 ♂/♀ |
Literacy | 75.16% |
Lok Sabha constituency | Bargarh |
Vidhan Sabha constituency | 5
|
Climate | Aw (Köppen) |
Precipitation | 1,527 millimetres (60.1 in) |
Avg. summer temperature | 46 °C (115 °F) |
Avg. winter temperature | 10 °C (50 °F) |
Website | www |
This article is part of a series on |
Odisha |
---|
Governance |
Topics |
Districts Divisions |
GI Products |
Indiaportal |
Bargarh District is an administrative district of Odisha state in eastern India. The city of Bargarh is its district headquarters. The district was carved out of the erstwhile district of Sambalpur on 1 April 1993.
In ancient times, Bargarh was part of Dakshina Kosala, along with large parts of western Odisha and the plains of Chhattisgarh. The region was most likely in the pre-Maghadan empire of Mahapadmananda. However, there is no mention of the territory in Mauryan inscriptions, so it is unknown whether the Mauryans controlled Dakshina Kosala. After the collapse of the Mauryan empire, Dakshina Kosala became ruled by the Chedis. It was from Dakshina Kosala and Kharavela's ancestors came to Kalinga. Dakshina Kosala was most likely part of Kharavela's empire. After Kharevala, the Megha dynasty ruled the region. In the 4th century CE, the Allahabad inscription records Samudra Gupta defeated Mahendra of Kosala, corresponding roughly to present day Chhattisgarh plains and western Odisha. Although not annexed to the Gupta empire, Kosala remained within Gupta spheres of influence evidenced by presence of Gupta coins in the region. [1]
In the 6th century, the Sarabhpuriyas from Sarabha (now identified as Sirpur in present-day Chhattisgarh) came to prominence. Their territory included present-day Bargarh district, as well as parts of Kalahandi. They were succeeded by the Panduvamshis, whose king, Tivaradeva, tried to expand east of Kosala into Utkala, now coastal Odisha. Although he failed, he kept control of Kosala including Bargarh. In the last decades of the 9th century, the Somavamshis ruled over present-day Kosala. Janamejaya I expanded his domain south and east, and defeated the Kalachuris. His son Yayati was blocked by the Kalachuris when attempting to expand into the north and west of Kosala, but Bargarh was in his realm. The Somavamshis were defeated during Rajendra Chola's northern expedition. In the chaos that followed, Yayati II stabilized the kingdom, which corresponded to modern Odisha. His son beat off Kalachuri invasions during his reign, but the kingdom soon collapsed. Kosala fell into Telugu Choda hands, who had aided a rival king who defeated the Somvamshis. The Telugu Cholas were soon driven out by the Kalachuris. A branch of the Rashtrakutas became rulers of Bargarh and were vassals of the Kalachuris. During Kalachuri reign was issued a copper plate, c. 1131, that mentions the town Vagharakotta which some scholars associate with Bargarh. The Kalachuris soon began a long struggle with the Gangas of Utkala, which ended 100 years after when the Gangas drove the Kalachuris out around 1211.
However the Gangas soon became embroiled in struggles elsewhere, and the region was conquered by the Chauhan Rajputs of Patna. In the later part of the 16th century, the Samblapur Chauhans became independent. It was during this time that temple construction reached its height. The Chauhans continued ruling independently until the mid 18th century. The rulers then were weak, and real power rested in the diwans. Akbar Ray was the most powerful of these diwans. Ray soon took Sambalpur by force, and antagonised the Marathas. However he was soon overthrown by Jayant Singh in 1781. However, the state faced constant attack by the Marathas of Nagpur, who attempted to subdue the kingdom by force. Eventually, in 1800, they conquered the kingdom and placed a governor there and imprisoned the Chauhans in Chandrapur. During the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1804, Sambalpur fell into British hands. However these territories were returned to the Marathas in 1806. After the Third Anglo-Maratha war in 1817, Sambalpur officially became British territory and the Chauhans were restored to the throne. However they lacked the former authority over their feudal lords which they had before. [1]
In 1827, the king Maharaja Sai died and his widow was placed on the throne. Incensed by the breach of custom of letting a woman rule, many of the Gond and Binjhal landlords, threatened by caste Hindu favourites of the rani, supported a rival claimant Surendra Sai. The insurgency lasted for a long time until British troops defeated the insurgents. The British then deposed the rani and placed a distant descendant on the throne. In 1849, he died without a male heir, and the British annexed the state under the Doctrine of Lapse. [1]
During the 1857 rebellion, mutineers stationed in Sambalpur broke Surendra Sai and his companions, including Madho Singh out of jail, and they soon raised an army against the British. While initially he simply wanted his and his brother's sentences commuted, when the British proposed harsher punishments and began closely guarding him, he escaped to where his brother had gathered 2000 men. Many of the principal zamindars were mustering their paiks against the British. However, the British came down with troops from Nagpur, the Madras Presidency and Chota Nagpur. They defeated the insurgents in open country and by February 1858 had taken back most of the district, but the insurgents were able to use the dense jungles and difficult terrain to their advantage. By 1861, the British adopted a more conciliatory approach to surrendering rebels, and finally in 1862 Surendra Sai surrendered. However the insurgency still continued and in 1864, Surendra Sai was arrested and his brothers too. They were all put in prison, where they died. Today Veer Surendra Sai and his rebels are honoured as freedom fighters. [1]
The region saw the Odia Language Movement in 1891 and contributed to the freedom struggle. Many freedom fighters came from here.
Bargarh was formerly part of Sambalpur district but was separated out in 1993.
Bargarh district lies in the western part of Odisha bordering Chhattisgarh. It borders Mahasamund and Raigarh districts of Chhattisgarh on the northwest, Jharsuguda district to the north, Sambalpur district to the east, Subarnapur and Balangir districts to the south and Nuapada district to the west.
Bargarh is mainly open plain, with several small hill ranges.
The 12 Tahasils in Bargarh district under two sub-divisions are listed in the following table.
# | Bargarh Sub-Division | Padampur Sub-Division |
---|---|---|
1 | Bargarh | Padampur |
2 | Ambabhona | Bijepur |
3 | Attabira | Gaisilat |
4 | Barpali | Jharbandh |
5 | Bhatli | Paikmal |
6 | Bheden | Sohela |
The 12 Blocks in Bargarh district under two sub-divisions are listed in the following table.
# | Bargarh Sub-Division | Padampur Sub-Division |
---|---|---|
1 | Bargarh | Rajborasambar |
2 | Ambabhona | Bijepur |
3 | Attabira | Gaisilat |
4 | Barpali | Jharbandh |
5 | Bhatli | Paikmal |
6 | Bheden | Sohela |
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1901 | 371,066 | — |
1911 | 429,684 | +1.48% |
1921 | 449,182 | +0.44% |
1931 | 501,975 | +1.12% |
1941 | 565,389 | +1.20% |
1951 | 612,037 | +0.80% |
1961 | 693,122 | +1.25% |
1971 | 839,622 | +1.94% |
1981 | 1,032,354 | +2.09% |
1991 | 1,207,172 | +1.58% |
2001 | 1,346,336 | +1.10% |
2011 | 1,481,255 | +0.96% |
source: [2] |
According to the 2011 census Bargarh district has a population of 1,481,255, [4] roughly equal to the nation of Gabon [5] or the US state of Hawaii. [6] This gives it a ranking of 339th in India (out of a total of 640). [4] The district has a population density of 253 inhabitants per square kilometre (660/sq mi). [4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 9.84%. [4] Bargarh has a sex ratio of 977 females for every 1000 males, [4] and a literacy rate of 75.16%. 10.13% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 20.17% and 18.98% of the population respectively. [4]
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 76.22% of the population spoke Sambalpuri, 17.36% Odia, 2.66% Chhattisgarhi and 1.51% Hindi as their first language. [7]
All-season irrigation from Hirakud dam on the Mahanadi makes the northern half of Bargarh District rich in agriculture, mostly paddy.[ citation needed ]
The following are the five Vidhan sabha constituencies [8] [9] of Bargarh district and the elected members [10] of that area
No. | Constituency | Reservation | Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks) | Member of 16th Assembly | Party |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Padampur | None | Jharbandh, Paikmal, Rajborasambar, Padampur (NAC) | Bijaya Ranjan Singh Bariha | BJD |
2 | Bijepur | None | Bijepur(NAC), Gaisilat, Barpali | Rita Sahu | BJD |
3 | Bargarh | None | Bargarh, Bargarh (M), Barpali (part) | Debesh Acharya | BJD |
4 | Attabira | SC | Attabira, Bheden | Snehangini Chhuria | BJD |
5 | Bhatli | None | Sohella, Bhatli, Ambabhona | Susanta Singh | BJD |
Raipur district is a district in the Chhattisgarh state of India. Its administrative headquarters is the city of Raipur. The district is rich in mineral resources and there are many wildlife sanctuaries. With a population of 2 million, it is the most populous district of Chhattisgarh.
Bargarh is an emerging city and municipality in Bargarh district in the state of Odisha in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Bargarh District and is the 13th largest city of Odisha by population.
Sambalpur District is a district in the western part of state of Odisha, India. The historic city of Sambalpur is the district headquarters.
Balangir District, also called Bolangir District, is a district situated in Odisha state of India. The district has an area of 6,575 km2 (2,539 sq mi), and a population of 1,648,997. The town of Balangir is the district headquarters. The composition of the land is predominantly rural. Other important big & small towns in Balangir district are Titlagarh, Patnagarh, Kantabanji, Loisingha, Saintala, Belpada, Tushra, Agalpur, Deogaon, Chudapali, Biripali, Bhalumunda, Bangomunda, Sindhekela,Kansil, Turekela and Muribahal.
Nuapada district is an area of Odisha state in India. Nuapada town is the headquarters of the district. It has one subdivision: Nuapada, and five blocks: Khariar, Sinapali, Boden, Komna, and Nuapada. Nuapada District has three Notified Area Councils: Khariar, Khariar Road, and Nuapada, six tehsils and more villages such as Gandabahali, Tukla, Hatibandha, Duajher, Bargaon, Tarbod, Udyanbandh, and Larka.
Rajnandgaon is a district of the state of Chhattisgarh in central India. The administrative headquarters the district is Rajnandgaon town.
Dakshina Kosala is a historical region of central India. It was located in what is now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh along with parts of Western Odisha. At its greatest extent, it may have also included a part of the Vidarbha region in present-day Maharashtra.
Sambalpur is the fourth largest city in the Indian State of Odisha. It is located on the banks of river Mahanadi, with a population of 335,761. Prehistoric settlements have been recorded there. It is the home of the Sambalpuri sari.
Ratanpur is a town and a nagar palika in Bilaspur district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Bilaspur on National Highway 130 towards Ambikapur.
Veer Surendra Sai was a native Indian as well as a regional freedom fighter from what is now Odisha. He fought against the British rule in India after they dethroned the rulers of the Sambalpur State as he was the legal heir.
Western Odisha is the western part of the state of Odisha in India, extending from the Kalahandi district in the south to the Sundargarh district in the north.
Sambalpuri is an Indo-Aryan language variety spoken in western Odisha, India. It is alternatively known as Western Odia, and as Kosali, a recently popularised but controversial term, which draws on an association with the historical region of Dakshina Kosala, whose territories also included the present-day Sambalpur region.
The history of Kalahandi goes back to the primitive period where a well-civilized, urbanized, and cultured people inhabited this land mass around 2000 years ago. The world's largest celt of Stone Age and the largest cemetery of the megalithic age have been discovered in Kalahandi. This shows the region had a civilized culture since the pre-historic era. Asurgarh near Narla in Kalahandi was one of the oldest metropolises in Odisha whereas the other one was Sisupalgarh near Bhubaneswar. Some other historical forts in the region includes Budhigarh, Amthagarh, Belkhandi and Dadpur-Jajjaldeypur. This land was unconquered by the great Ashoka, who fought the great Kalinga War, as per Ashokan record. In medieval period the region had played a prominent role to link South India, Eastern India and Central India region and witnessed the battle ground for Somavamsi, Chola, Kalachuris of Kalyani and Eastern Ganga dynasty. Kalahandi region was the main route for Chola to attack Subarnapur.
Sambalpur is a district of Odisha. Sambalpur city is the headquarter of Sambalpur district. Sambalpur is the cultural capital of Western Odisha.
Sambalpur State, also known as Hirakhand Kingdom, was a kingdom founded in 1570. It ruled over Western Odisha and Eastern Chhattisgarh in central-eastern India prior to the Maratha occupation in 1800 AD. From 1849 AD, it was integrated with British Raj as a British District. Its capital was present-day Sambalpur city in Western Odisha.
The Kalachuris of Ratnapura were a central Indian dynasty during 11th and 12th centuries. They ruled parts of present-day Chhattisgarh from their capital at Ratnapura. They were an offshoot of the Kalachuris of Tripuri, and ruled as vassals of the parent dynasty for many years.
The Somavamshi or Keshari dynasty ruled parts of present-day Odisha in eastern India between the 9th and the 12th centuries. Their capitals included Yayatinagara and Abhinava-Yayatinagara.
Madhab Singh Bariha or Madho Singh was the Binjhal Zamindar (landlord) of Ghess locality of Bargarh district in Odisha and was a close associate of Veer Surendra Sai in the Sambalpur uprising against the British East India Company. He was hanged to death at the age of 72 on 31 December 1858 at Jail Chowk of Sambalpur, after being caught in the same year for his ferocious and heroic resistance to the British takeover of the region with their appalling policies. Three out of his four valiant sons were martyred while the eldest was sentenced to life imprisonment. His granddaughter Purnima committed suicide after the British hanged her rebellious husband from the Sonakhan Zamindari at Raipur.
The Chindaka Nagas were a dynasty that ruled over parts of modern-day Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Their kingdom was known as Chakrakota mandala and included the present-day districts of Bastar, Koraput and Kalahandi. They were constantly at war with their neighbours- the Somavamshi dynasty, the Kalachuris of Ratnapura, the Mana dynasty and the Western Chalukya Empire.
Trikalinga is a region of central-east India, mentioned in several historical sources. Its identification and its relation to the term "Kalinga" is debated among modern historians, who variously identify it as a distinct region to the west of Kalinga, a larger region comprising Kalinga and two other regions, a constituent of the greater Kalinga, or the three divisions of Kalinga proper.
Gabon 1,576,665
Hawaii 1,360,301
MEMBER NAME