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In English-speaking countries, the common verbal response to another person's sneeze is "(God) bless you", or less commonly in the United States and more-so in Canada, "Gesundheit", the German word for health (and the response to sneezing in German-speaking countries). There are several proposed origins of the phrase "bless you" for use in the context of sneezing.
In non-English-speaking cultures, words connoting good health or a long life are often used instead of "bless you", though some also use references to God.
In certain languages such as Vietnamese, Japanese or Korean, nothing is generally said after a sneeze except for when expressing concern when the person is sick from a cold or otherwise. Instead, depending on the language, the sneezer may excuse themselves.
Language | Usual responses and notes | Response meaning in English | Sneezer reply and pronunciation | Reply meaning in English |
---|---|---|---|---|
Albanian | Shëndet (shuhn-det) | "Health!" | Faleminderit | "Thank you" |
Shëndet paç | "May you have health" | |||
Amharic | ይማርሽ (yimarish) for a female ይማርህ (yimarih) for a male | "May God forgive you!" | ያኑሪሽ (yanurish) for female ያኑርህ (yanurih) for male | "May you live for long" |
Afrikaans | Gesondheid | "Health!" | Dankie | "Thank you" |
Arabic | صحة (ṣaḥḥa), فرج (faraj), or الله فرجك(allāh farajak (m.), allāh farajik (f.)) نشوة (nashwa) يرحمكم الله (yarḥamukum ullāh) if the sneezer says الحمدلله (al‐ḥamdulila̅h), as an alternative/religious interaction | "Well-being!" or "Health!" "Elation!" or "Thrill!" "God have mercy on you" if the sneezer says "All praise is for God" | علينا و عليك (ʿalayna̅ wa‐ʿalayk) شكراً (shukran) or يهديكم الله و يصلح بالكم (yahdīkum alla̅h wa‐yuṣlaḥ ba̅lakum) after the alternative interaction | "For you and me" "Thank you!" "God guide you and set your affairs aright" |
Armenian | առողջություն (aroghjutyun) | "Health" | շնորհակալություն (shnorhakalutyun) | "Thank you" |
Assamese | মঙ্গল হওক (môngôl hôwk) | "May good happen" | Unknown | |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | shemed alaha brakhmeh | "In God's name" "Bless you" | baseema raba | "Thank you (very much)" |
Azeri | Sağlam ol | "Be healthy" | Sən də Sağ ol | "You too" |
Bangla | Alhamdulillah (আল্লাহ তোমার উপর রহম দান করুন) (Bangladesh) | "May God have mercy on you" | "Silence"[ clarification needed ] | |
Jibah Jibah (জীবঃ জীবঃ) (India) | "May you live long" | |||
Basque | Doministiku (from the Latin dominus tecum) Ehun urtez! Jainkoak lagun! | "The Lord be with you" "For a hundred years!" "May God help you!" | No answer Eta zu kondatzaile | No answer "And you there to narrate" |
Belarusian | будзь здаровы (Budz zdarovy) for any gender | "Be healthy" | дзякуй (dziakuj) | "Thank you" |
будзь здароў (budz zdarou) for a male | ||||
будзь здаровая (Budz zdarovaja) for a female | ||||
Bosnian | Nazdravlje | "To your good health" | Hvala | "Thank you" |
Breton | Doue d'ho pennigo | "God will bless you" | ||
Bulgarian | Наздраве (Nazdrave) | "To your health" or "Cheers" | Благодаря (Blagodarya) | "Thank you" |
Catalan | Jesús or Salut | "Jesus" or "Health!" | Gràcies | "Thank you" |
Cantonese | 大吉利事 (daai6 gat1 lei6 si6) or 好嘅 (hou2 ge3). Sneezing in Southern Chinese culture means that someone is speaking ill behind your back. | "A great fortunate occurrence" or "A good one" | 唔好意思 (m4 hou2 ji3 si1) | "Excuse me" |
Chechen | Dukha vekhil for a male Dukha yekhil for a female | "Live for a long time" | Dela reze hiyla | "Thank you"; literally means "I wish God will bless you" |
Croatian | Nazdravlje or Istina! | "To your health" or "Truth!" | Hvala | "Thank you" |
Czech | Na zdraví Pozdrav Pánbůh or Je to pravda | "To your health" "Bless God" or "It is true" | Ať slouží or Dejž to Pánbůh (in reply to Pozdrav Pánbůh) | "May it last" or "May God let it happen (bless you)" |
Danish | Prosit | “May it be good”; “To your health” from Latin prōsit [notes 1] | Tak | "Thank you" |
Dutch | Gezondheid If the person has sneezed three times: Morgen mooi weer Less commonly used: Proost Flanders old fashioned: God zegent u | "Health" If the person has sneezed three times: "The weather will be nice tomorrow" From the Latin prōsit meaning "May it be good"; "To your health" [notes 1] "God bless you" | Dank u (wel) (formal) or Dank je (wel) (informal) | "Thank you" |
English | God bless you, Bless you, or Gesundheit | Thank you | ||
Esperanto | Sanon | "Health!" | Dankon | "Thank you" |
Estonian | Terviseks | "For health!" | Aitäh | "Thank you" |
Faroese | Jesuspápi vælsigni teg! This can be shortened to Vælsigni teg! | "May Jesus bless you!" or "Bless you!" | Takk (fyri)! | "Thanks (for [it])!" |
Finnish | Terveydeksi | "For health!" | Kiitos | "Thank you" |
French | à tes / vos souhaits or Santé Old-fashioned: à tes / vos amours after the second sneeze, and qu'elles durent toujours or à tes / vos rêves after the third. More archaically, one can say Que Dieu te/vous bénisse. | "To your wishes" or "health". Old-fashioned: after the second sneeze, "to your loves", and after the third, "may they last forever". More archaically, the translation is "God bless you". | Merci or Merci, que les tiennes durent toujours (old-fashioned) after the second sneeze | "Thank you" or "Thanks, may yours last forever" after the second sneeze |
Gaelic (Scottish) | Dia leat (informal) or Dia leibh (formal) | "God with you" | Mòran taing (or any other variation of thanks) | "Many thanks" |
Georgian | ჯანმრთელობა (janmrteloba) or იცოცხლე (itsotskhle) | "Health" or "Live long" | მადლობა (madloba) or გმადლობთ (gmadlobt) | "Thank you" |
German | Gesundheit! [notes 2] | "Health!" (meaning I wish you good health or I wish that you don't get sick) | Danke(schön) | "Thank you (very much)" |
Helf Gott!, Helfgott!, or Helf dir Gott! (Southern Germany/Austria/Transylvanian-Saxon; archaic/mostly used by more or less religious elderly) [1] [2] Gott helfe [3] | "May God help you!" | Vergelt's Gott | "May God reward it" (i.e. your good wishes) | |
Großwachsen! (Transylvanian-Saxon; from Romanian "Să creşti mare!"; used solely for children, usually after the usual "Gesundheit" for the first and/or second response) [4] | "You shall grow tall!" | Danke(schön) | "Thank you (very much)" | |
Zum Wohl! (Southern Germany/Austria) [5] | "To your well-being!" | |||
Greek | γείτσες (gítses) or με την υγεία σου (me tin igía su) | "Healths!" or "With your health!" | Ευχαριστώ (Efharistó) | "Thank you" |
Gujarati | In Gujarati, there is no set phrases to acknowledge a sneeze. Most commonly, people would invoke the name of a god, say a phrase meaning "live long"/"good health", or just use the English expression: ગોડ બ્લેસ યુ (goḍ bles yu). | "God!" or "God bless you" (using English) | આભાર (ābhār) or થૅન્ક યુ (thenk yu) (using English) | "Thank you" |
Hawaiian | Kihe, a mauli ola, or simply Ola | "Sneeze, and you shall live", or simply "live" | Mahalo | "Thank you" |
Hebrew | לבריאות (livri'oot or labri'oot) | "To health!" | תודה (todah) | "Thank you!" |
Hungarian | Egészségedre! /Egészségére! | "To your health! (True)" | Köszönöm | "Thank you" |
Igbo | Ndo | "Sorry" | Daalu | "Thank you" |
Icelandic | Guð hjálpi þér! or Guð blessi þig There is also a custom to respond three times to three sneezes: Guð hjálpi þér ("God help you"), styrki þig ("strengthen you"), og styðji ("and support"). [6] | "God help you!" or "God bless you" | Takk fyrir, Takk, Ég þakka, or Afsakið | "Thank you", "Thanks", "I thank", or "excuse me" |
Indonesian | Tuhan berkati | "God bless" | Terima kasih | "Thank you" |
Irish | Dia linn or Dia leat or Deiseal, which may be a form of Dia seal | The first response means “God be with us”. The second response means "God be with you". The last means "May it go right", but might be a form of "God with us for a while". | Gabh mo leithscéal | "Excuse me" |
Italian | Salute! | "Health!" | Grazie | "Thank you" |
(ironic) Che se ne va | "That is going away" | |||
Japanese | It is uncommon to acknowledge a sneeze in Japan, and it is customary not to say anything at all. After multiple sneezes, they use: 大丈夫? (Daijoubu?) | "Are you all right?" | すみません (sumimasen) or 失礼しました (shitsurei shimashita) | "Sorry" or "Excuse me" |
Kannada | ಶತಾಯುಸ್ಸು if the sneezer is young. Otherwise the sneezer takes the name of the lord. | "Long life"; literally "A hundred years" | It is uncommon to acknowledge an adult sneezing, and it is customary not to say anything at all. | |
Kashubian | Na zdar or na zdrowié | "Health" | Dzãkujã | "Thank you" |
Prost | From Latin, prōsit, meaning "may it be good" | |||
Kazakh [7] | Сау болыңыз (Saw Bolıñız) (formal), Сау бол (Saw Bol) (informal) | "Be healthy." Widespread in cities. A calque of Russian "Будьте здоровы" and "Будь здоров". | Рақмет! | "Thank you!" From Persian رحمت (rahmat, “mercy”), which is itself from Arabic رَحْمَة (raḥma, “compassion, mercy”). |
Жарақымалда (North) Жәрекімалда (West) | "May God have mercy on you", from Arabic يرحمكم الله (yarḥamukum ullāh). Pronunciation differs by region. Most common in western and northern regions. | |||
Ақ күш бер тәңір. Short forms: Бер тәңір (East), Ақ күш (North) | "May Tengri give you pure strength." Of Tengrist origin. Most common in central, northern, and eastern regions. | |||
Аққас | Possibly, shortened form of "Ақ күш бер тәңір". Most common in southern regions. | |||
Бер тәңірім бес жүз жылқы | "May Tengri give me five hundred horses." Of Tengrist origin. More common among Kazakhs in Mongolia. | Жартысы менікі, жартысы сенікі | "Half mine, half yours" | |
Khmer | ស្បើយ (S'baoi) | "Fast recovery" | សាធុ (Satu) | "Amen" |
Kikuyu | "Wimūrūarū?" (A conversation starter - mostly, one hints abouts the other's wellbeing in a sarcastic way) | "Are you sick?" | Aasha! | "Not really!" |
Kirundi | Kira | "Be healthy" | Twese | "Us all" |
Kinyarwanda | Urakire | "May you be healthy" | Twese | "Us all" |
Korean | The practice of responding to someone's sneeze is rare. | |||
Kurdish | Kher be inshalla. Many times when one sneezes, they say that the thing they are about to do will not happen. So, a listener says Kher be. | "It will be a good thing, God willing", or the shorter version, "A good sign hopefully". | ||
Têr bijî. | ”May you live long” | |||
Kusaal | Win yɛl sida! | "God speaks truth." Sneezing means that someone elsewhere is praising you. | Ami! | "Amen!" |
Kyrgyz | Ак чүч! [aqˈt͡ʃut͡ʃ] . | This may be based on an onomatopœia of the sound of a sneeze, like the English "Atchoo". | Рахмат, if the person who spoke after the sneeze is liked | "Thank you" |
Ladino | בֿיבֿאס(vivas), קריזקאס(crezcas) after a second sneeze, and אינפֿלוריזקאס(enflorezcas) after a third sneeze | "May you live", "May you grow" after a second sneeze, and "May you flourish" after a third sneeze | מירסי(merci) | "Thank you" |
Latgalian | Veseleibā | "To your health" | Paldis | "Thank you" |
Latin | Salve | "Be healthy" (also used for salutation). | ||
Latvian | Uz veselību | "To your health" | Paldies | "Thank you" |
Lithuanian | Į sveikatą (pronounced 'EE–sweh–kata') [8] | "To your health" | Atsiprašau, then directly to the responder: Ačiū | "Excuse me", then directly to the responder: "Thank you" |
Lojban | No set phrase, but one commonly says kanro .a'o (kanro aho) or .a'o do kanro | "(hopefully) Health!" or "(said with hope) You are healthy" | Unknown | |
Luganda | Bbuka | "Recover" | Unknown | |
Luxembourgish | Gesondheet | "Health!" | Merci | "Thank you" |
Macedonian | На здравје (na zdravye) | "To your health" | Здравје да имаш (zdravye da imash) or Благодарам (blagodaram) or Фала (fala) | "Have health yourself", "Thank you", or "Thanks" |
Malagasy | Velona! | "Be healthy" | Misaotra anao | "Thank you" |
Malayalam | Depending on the religion, one would say ഹരി കൃഷ്ണാ (Hari Krishna) or ഈശോ രക്ഷിക്ക (Eesho rakshikka) | "Let Lord Krishna bless you" or "Jesus save you" | നന്ദി | "Thanks" |
Maltese | Evviva | "May they live." An alternate translation is "Long live _____". | Grazzi | "Thank you" |
Mandarin | Mandarin speakers do not typically comment on another person's sneeze. When someone does give a response, they might say 百岁 (bǎisuì). More rarely there are the expressions 多保重 (duōbǎozhòng) and 多喝点水 (duō he dian shui)[ original research? ] | "(live to) 100 years old" "Take care" and "Drink more water" | 不好意思 (bùhǎoyìsi) | "Excuse me" |
Māori | manaakitia koe | "Bless you" | mihi koe | "Thank you" |
Marathi | सत्य आहे | "It's the truth" | Unknown | |
Mongolian | Бурхан өршөө (Burkhan örshöö) | "May God forgive you" | Unknown | |
Navajo | T'áá bí ání or Háíshį́į́ naa ntsékees / naa yáłti' | "That/the one said it" (lit. "They in particular said it") or "Someone is thinking of you / talking about you" | 'Aoo' t'áá bí ání (in response to "Someone is thinking / talking about you") | "Yes, that/the one said it" |
Nepali | चिरञ्जीवी भव (chiranjeevi bhawa) | "May you live long" | धन्यवाद (dhan-ya-bad) | "Thank you" |
Norwegian | Prosit | From Latin, prōsit. “Måtte det gagne deg” ("may it be good [to your health]") [notes 3] | (Tusen) takk | "Thank you" |
Afaan Oromo | Gudadhu Huddu Sarre Dhungadhu | "Progress" | Galatoomi | "Thank you" |
Pashto | صبر (sah-bur) يرحمكم الله (yarḥamukum ullāh) if the sneezer says الحمدلله (al‐ḥamdulila̅h), as an alternative/religious interaction | "Patience" "God have mercy on you" if the sneezer says "All praise is for God" | مننه (mah-nah-nah) يهديكم الله و يصلح بالكم (yahdīkum alla̅h wa‐yuṣlaḥ ba̅lakum) after the alternative interaction | "Thank you" "God guide you and set your affairs aright" |
Persian | عافیت باشه (afiat basheh) | "May cleanliness/purity be bestowed upon you" or "may it be for your health" | سلامت باشید (salaamat bashid) | "Be healthy" |
Polish | Na zdrowie!, Sto lat!, or Zdrówko! (a diminutive form of "zdrowie") Sometimes Prawda! | "To your health!", "Live a hundred years!", or "[To your] health!" Sometimes "Truth!", indicating the sneeze means something the sneezer had said before is true. | Dziękuję or Dzięki | "Thank you" or "Thanks" |
Portuguese / Galician | Saúde, Deus te crie, Deus te guarde, or Santinho! | These mean, in order: "Health", "May God raise you", "May God keep you covered" (as in warm and covered), or "Little Saint!" | obrigado/a or Amém | "Thank you" or "Amen" |
Punjabi | ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ (Waheguru) or ਤੇਰਾ ਭਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ! | "Glorious Lord" or "May you be blessed" | Thanvaad or "Meharbani" | "Thank you" |
Romanian | Sănătate/Să fii sănătos/Să fii sănătoasă or Noroc Să crești mare! (for children; usually "Noroc" comes first, then "Sănătate" and as a third option, "Să crești mare!") [9] | "Health/Be healthy" or "To your luck" "May you grow up!" | Mulțumesc | "Thank you" |
Russian | Будь здоров/а! (Bud' zdorov/a), or more formally Будьте здоровы (Bud'te zdorovy) | "(May you) be healthy!" | Спасибо, буду (spasibo, budu) or Спасибо (spasibo) | "Thank you, I will" or "Thank you" |
Serbian | Наздравље (Nazdravlje) Пис мацо (Pis maco), which is mostly used with children | "To your health" "Go away kitten" (as the sound of sneezing is said to sound like a cat's cough) | Хвала Less frequently: Истина or Здравље да имаш | "Thank you" Less frequently: "It is true" or "Health you have" |
Silesian | Pyrsk! | "Cheers" | Unknown | |
Sinhala | ආයුබෝවන් (Ayubowan) | "Have a long life" | Thank you | "Thank you" |
Slovak | Na zdravie | "To your health" | Ďakujem | "Thank you" |
Slovenian | Na zdravje, Res je, or the old-fashioned Bog pomagaj | "To your health", "it is true", or "God help to you". Folk belief has it that a sneeze, which is involuntary, proves the truth of whatever was said just prior to it. | Hvala | "Thank you" |
Spanish | In Latin America, Salud or Dios te bendiga. In Spain, it can also be Jesús after the first, María after the second, and y José after the third, while in Latin America, particularly in Venezuela and Colombia, it's replaced by salud after the first, dinero after the second, and amor after the third. | "To your health" or "God bless you". "Jesus" after the first, "Mary" after the second, and "and Joseph" after the third in Spain, while in Latin America, "health", "money", and "love". | Gracias | "Thank you" |
Kiswahili | Afya | "Health" | Asante | "Already feeling better" or "Thank you" |
Swedish | Prosit [10] [notes 3] | From Latin, prōsit. "Må det vara till gagn." | Tack | "Thank you" |
Tajik | Саломат бошед! (Salomat boshed!) | "Be healthy!" | Раҳмат! (Rahmat!), or more formally Ташаккур! (Tashakkur!) | "Thank you!" |
Tamil | ஆயுசு நூறு (aa-yu-su noo-ru) / ஆயுள் நூறு (aa-yul noo-ru) or நீடு வாழ்க (nee-du vaal-ka). Also, Dheergayusu, Poornayusu, or Sadayusu. | "100 year-long life" or "Live long" Different variations of long life after consecutive sneezes; "Live long" | நன்றி (nan-dri) | "Thank you" |
Tatar | Исән булыгыз (ee-sæn boo-lı-ğız) (formal) Исән бул (ee-sæn bool) (informal) | "Be healthy" | Рәхмәт (ɾæχ-mæt) | "Thank you" |
Telugu | Chiranjeevi bhava / Chiranjeeva, Nurella ayusshu, or దీర్ఘాయుష్మాన్ భవ | "May you be blessed with a life without death", "may you live long", or “may you have 100 years of whole life” | ధన్యవాద or the sneezer smiles | "Thank you" |
Turkish | Çok yaşa (followed by İyi yaşa if a second sneeze occurs, "Bin yaşa" for a third sneeze.) | "Live long", "Live good," "Live a thousand" | Sen de gör, Hep beraber, or 'Siz de görün | "And I hope that you live to see it [my long life]," "All [of us] together" (for when there are more than two witnesses), or "And may you/ y'all witness it [my long life]" |
Ukrainian | будь здоровий (BООD' zdoh-RO-vyy) to a male sneezer informally будь здорова (BООD' zdoh-RO-va) to a female sneezer informally будьте здорові (BООD'-te zdoh-RO-vee) (formal) [11] На здоров'я! (na zdoh-RO-v-ia) Правда (pra-vda) if a person sneezes during another person's speech | "Be healthy", "To your health!", "It is true" | дякую (DIA-koo-you) | "Thank you" |
Urdu | yar-hum-o-kullah (the person who sneezed first says Alhamdulillah) | "May God have mercy on you" | Yah-de-kum-ullah (the person who sneezed first says praise be to God) | "May God guide you to the right path" |
Uzbek | Sogʻ boʻling or Salomat boʻling | "Be healthy" | Rahmat | "Thank you" |
Vietnamese | Sometimes when a child sneezes, an adult will say Cơm muối, which means "salt & cooked rice". These words are believed to expel the evil spirit that's possessing their weak phách (yin soul) at that moment. | "Be healthy / Live long" | Cảm ơn / Cám ơn | "Thank you" |
Vilamovian | Gȫthyłf or hyłf Gȫt | God help you | Unknown | |
Welsh | Bendith or Bendith (Duw) arnat ti (familiar) Bendith (Duw) arnoch chi (respectful) | "(God's) blessing on you." | Diolch | "Thank you" |
Yiddish | זײַ געזונט (zay gezunt), צו געזונט (tsu gezunt), or אסותא (asuse) [12] After a second and third sneeze, צו לעבן (tsu lebn) and צו לאַנגע יאָר (tsu lange yor) [12] If someone is speaking when another sneezes, גענאָסן צום אמת (genosn tsum emes) [13] | "Be healthy", "to health", or "health" (Aramaic) "To life" and "for many years" "Sneezed on truth" | A sneezer responds to their own sneeze with חיים (chaim) | "Life" |
Yoruba | Pẹ̀lẹ́ (kpeh-leh) | "Sorry" | O ṣé (oh shay) (informal) Ẹ ṣé (eh shay) (formal) | "Thank you" |
Nu nog hoort men dit leste in Duitschland, ofschoon het Gott helfe dir sterk afgewisseld wordt met het onchristelijk Gesundheit.