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Pakistan Zindabad is a patriotic slogan used by Pakistanis in displays of Pakistani nationalism. The phrase became popular among the Muslims of British India after the 1933 publication of the "Pakistan Declaration" by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, who argued that the Muslim minority in British India—particularly in the Muslim-majority regions of Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan—constituted a nation of an irrevocably distinct nature from the rest of India on "religious, social, and historical grounds" owing primarily to the issue of Hindu–Muslim unity. Ali's ideology was adopted by the All-India Muslim League as the "two-nation theory" and ultimately spurred the Pakistan Movement that led to the partition of British India. During this time, "Pakistan Zindabad" became a widely used slogan and greeting within the Muslim League, and following the creation of Pakistan, it was also used as a rallying cry by Muslims who were migrating to the newly independent state from India as well as by those who were already within Pakistan's borders. The slogan is commonly invoked by Pakistani citizens and Pakistani state institutions on national holidays, during times of armed conflict, and on other major occasions.
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The Kolkata Partition Museum is an initiative dedicated to documenting the Partition of India from the Bengal perspective. Dissimilar to the Punjabi context, the Bengal province had been divided twice: once in 1905, and then in 1947. The aftermath of the second partition, as recorded by many historians, unfolded distinctly in postcolonial Bengal vis-à-vis Punjab. Not only was the impact long-drawn and can be witnessed even 75 years after the Partition, its affect can also be seen in the neighbouring states of Bengal and the rest of the country owing to refugee resettlements spread out to as far away states such as Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh. The idea behind the Kolkata Partition Museum is to preserve and present the vanishing memories of partition, to emphasise both the "rupture and continuities between West Bengal and Bangladesh – in terms of language and literature, food, fabric, and the performing arts – and to encourage collaboration between them." The museum aims "to do so by involving public participation in its programs and gearing all its activities in a way that makes it more accessible and interesting to the public at large."
References
- ↑ "Unlock Diaries: About being normal by Ritu Menon". Hindustan Times. 3 June 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ↑ "Menon, Ritu". SAGE Publications Inc. 16 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ↑ Menon, Ritu (16 September 2020). "A publishing diary written during the pandemic: Ritu Menon's literary memories and encounters". Scroll.in. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ↑ "Ritu Menon". The Kennedy Center. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
- ↑ "The Ritu Menon interview | 'Feminist publishing is a development activity. It is not just about producing books'". Firstpost. 13 July 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ↑ "The Unfinished Business | Outlook India Magazine". magazine.outlookindia.com/. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ↑ "Anti-CAA protests by Muslim women are about where, how and why you belong". The Indian Express. 4 February 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ↑ Menon, Ritu; Bhasin, Kamla (1998). Borders & Boundaries: Women in India's Partition. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-2552-5.
- ↑ Hasan, Zoya; Menon, Ritu (14 September 2006). Unequal Citizens: A Study of Muslim Women in India. OUP India. ISBN 978-0-19-568459-9.
- ↑ Kannabirān, Kalpana; Menon, Ritu (2007). From Mathura to Manorama: Resisting Violence Against Women in India. Women Unlimited. ISBN 978-81-88965-35-9.
- ↑ "Professional Notes", World Englishes, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Wiley-Blackwell 2001), pp. 117–118.
- ↑ "Padma Awards Announced" (Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs. 25 January 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
