Serge Haroche

Last updated
Serge Haroche
Serge Haroche 1 2012.jpg
Haroche in Stockholm (2012)
Born (1944-09-11) 11 September 1944 (age 79)
Casablanca, Morocco [1]
(then a French colony)
NationalityFrench
Alma mater École normale supérieure
Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University (Ph.D.)
Known for Cavity quantum electrodynamics
Awards CNRS Gold medal (2009)
Nobel Prize for Physics (2012)
Scientific career
Institutions Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University
Yale University
Collège de France
Doctoral advisor Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
Website www.college-de-france.fr/site/en-serge-haroche

Serge Haroche (born 11 September 1944) [1] is a French physicist who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with David J. Wineland for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems", a study of the particle of light, the photon. [2] [3] [4] This and his other works developed laser spectroscopy. Since 2001, Haroche is a professor at the Collège de France and holds the chair of quantum physics.

Contents

In 1971 he defended his doctoral thesis in physics at the University of Paris VI: his research had been conducted under the direction of Claude Cohen-Tannoudji. [5]

Early life and education

Haroche was born in Casablanca, Morocco, to Albert Haroche (1920–1998), from a Moroccan Jewish family, and Valentine Haroche, born Roubleva (1921–1998), a teacher who was born in Odessa to a Jewish family of physicians who relocated to Morocco in the early 1920s. His family had mixed Sephardic and Ashkenazi origins. [6] His father, a lawyer trained in Rabat, was one of seven children born to a family of teachers, Isaac and Esther Haroche, who worked at the École de l’Alliance israélite (AIU). [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]

Both paternal grandparents of Serge Haroche had been AIU students in their respective hometowns of Marrakesh and Tétouan (the school which Esther Azerad attended in Tétouan had been founded in 1862; it was the first school of the AIU network). [14]

Haroche left Morocco and settled in France in 1956, at the end of the French protectorate treaty.

Career

Haroche worked in the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) as a research scientist from 1967 to 1975 at the French UMR Kastler–Brossel Laboratory, and spent a year (1972–1973) as a visiting post-doc in Stanford University, in Arthur Leonard Schawlow's team. In 1975 he moved to a professor position at Paris VI University. At the same time he taught in other institutions, in particular at the École polytechnique (1973–1984), MIT (1980), Harvard University (1981), Yale University (1984–1993) and Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (2000). He was head of the Physics department at the École normale supérieure from 1994 to 2000.

Since 2001, Haroche has been a professor at the Collège de France and holds the chair of quantum physics. He is a member of the Société Française de Physique, the European Physical society and a fellow and member of the American Physical Society.

In September 2012, Serge Haroche was elected by his peers to the position of administrator of the Collège de France.

On 9 October 2012 Haroche was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, together with the American physicist David Wineland, for their work regarding measurement and manipulation of individual quantum systems.

In 2020, Haroche was appointed by European Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth Mariya Gabriel to serve on an independent search committee for the next president of the European Research Council (ERC), chaired by Helga Nowotny. [15]

Research

Serge Haroche (who won Nobel Prize in Physics in 2012) visited Stockholm, June 2016, as a member of the Wallenberg Foundation Scientific Advisory Board. Serge Haroche (Nobel in Physics 2012) in Stockholm, June 2016.jpg
Serge Haroche (who won Nobel Prize in Physics in 2012) visited Stockholm, June 2016, as a member of the Wallenberg Foundation Scientific Advisory Board.

Haroche works primarily in atomic physics and quantum optics. [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] He is principally known for showing quantum decoherence by experimental observation, while working with colleagues at the École normale supérieure in Paris in 1996.

After a PhD dissertation on dressed atoms under the supervision of Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (himself a Nobel Prize recipient) from 1967 to 1971, he developed new methods for laser spectroscopy, based on the study of quantum beats and superradiance. He then moved on to Rydberg atoms, giant atomic states particularly sensitive to microwaves, which makes them well adapted for studying the interactions between light and matter. He showed that such atoms, coupled to a superconducting cavity containing a few photons, are well-suited to the testing of quantum decoherence and to the realization of quantum logic operations necessary for the treatment of quantum information.

Awards

Serge Haroche after his Nobel Lecture

Personal life

Haroche currently lives in Paris; he is married to the sociologist Claudine Haroche (born Zeligson), also descending from the Russian Jewish émigrés family, with two children (aged 40 and 43). [26] [27] [28] He is the uncle of French singer–songwriter and actor Raphaël Haroche (known as Raphaël, his stage name). [29]

Bibliography

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radiation pressure</span> Pressure exerted upon any surface exposed to electromagnetic radiation

Radiation pressure is mechanical pressure exerted upon a surface due to the exchange of momentum between the object and the electromagnetic field. This includes the momentum of light or electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength that is absorbed, reflected, or otherwise emitted by matter on any scale. The associated force is called the radiation pressure force, or sometimes just the force of light.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atomic electron transition</span> Change of an electron between energy levels within an atom

In atomic physics and chemistry, an atomic electron transition is an electron changing from one energy level to another within an atom or artificial atom. The time scale of a quantum jump has not been measured experimentally. However, the Franck–Condon principle binds the upper limit of this parameter to the order of attoseconds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laser cooling</span> Class of methods for cooling atoms to very low temperatures

Laser cooling includes several techniques where atoms, molecules, and small mechanical systems are cooled with laser light. The directed energy of lasers is often associated with heating materials, e.g. laser cutting, so it can be counterintuitive that laser cooling often results in sample temperatures approaching absolute zero. It is a routine step in many atomic physics experiments where the laser-cooled atoms are then subsequently manipulated and measured, or in technologies, such as atom-based quantum computing architectures. Laser cooling relies on the change in momentum when an object, such as an atom, absorbs and re-emits a photon. For example, if laser light illuminates a warm cloud of atoms from all directions and the laser's frequency is tuned below an atomic resonance, the atoms will be cooled. This common type of laser cooling relies on the Doppler effect where individual atoms will preferentially absorb laser light from the direction opposite to the atom's motion. The absorbed light is re-emitted by the atom in a random direction. After repeated emission and absorption of light the net effect on the cloud of atoms is that they will expand more slowly. The slower expansion reflects a decrease in the velocity distribution of the atoms, which corresponds to a lower temperature and therefore the atoms have been cooled. For an ensemble of particles, their thermodynamic temperature is proportional to the variance in their velocity, therefore the lower the distribution of velocities, the lower temperature of the particles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quantum decoherence</span> Loss of quantum coherence

Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence. Quantum decoherence has been studied to understand how quantum systems convert to systems which can be explained by classical mechanics. Beginning out of attempts to extend the understanding of quantum mechanics, the theory has developed in several directions and experimental studies have confirmed some of the key issues. Quantum computing relies on quantum coherence and is the primary practical applications of the concept.

This is a timeline of quantum computing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quantum Zeno effect</span> Quantum measurement phenomenon

The quantum Zeno effect is a feature of quantum-mechanical systems allowing a particle's time evolution to be slowed down by measuring it frequently enough with respect to some chosen measurement setting.

Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics dealing with how individual quanta of light, known as photons, interact with atoms and molecules. It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anton Zeilinger</span> Austrian quantum physicist

Anton Zeilinger is an Austrian quantum physicist and Nobel laureate in physics of 2022. Zeilinger is professor of physics emeritus at the University of Vienna and senior scientist at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Most of his research concerns the fundamental aspects and applications of quantum entanglement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alain Aspect</span> French physicist (born 1947)

Alain Aspect is a French physicist noted for his experimental work on quantum entanglement.

Quantum Darwinism is a theory meant to explain the emergence of the classical world from the quantum world as due to a process of Darwinian natural selection induced by the environment interacting with the quantum system; where the many possible quantum states are selected against in favor of a stable pointer state. It was proposed in 2003 by Wojciech Zurek and a group of collaborators including Ollivier, Poulin, Paz and Blume-Kohout. The development of the theory is due to the integration of a number of Zurek's research topics pursued over the course of 25 years, including pointer states, einselection and decoherence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trapped-ion quantum computer</span> Proposed quantum computer implementation

A trapped-ion quantum computer is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer. Ions, or charged atomic particles, can be confined and suspended in free space using electromagnetic fields. Qubits are stored in stable electronic states of each ion, and quantum information can be transferred through the collective quantized motion of the ions in a shared trap. Lasers are applied to induce coupling between the qubit states or coupling between the internal qubit states and the external motional states.

Cavity quantum electrodynamics is the study of the interaction between light confined in a reflective cavity and atoms or other particles, under conditions where the quantum nature of photons is significant. It could in principle be used to construct a quantum computer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David J. Wineland</span> American physicist

David Jeffery Wineland(born February 24, 1944) is an American Nobel-laureate physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). His work has included advances in optics, specifically laser-cooling trapped ions and using ions for quantum-computing operations. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Serge Haroche, for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems".

The Kastler–Brossel Laboratory, located in Paris, France, is a research laboratory specializing in fundamental physics of quantum systems. Founded in 1951 by Alfred Kastler and Jean Brossel, it is a joint research unit operated by the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), the École normale supérieure, the Sorbonne University and the Collège de France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Einstein Prize for Laser Science</span>

The Einstein Prize for Laser Science was a recognition awarded by the former Society for Optical and Quantum Electronics and sponsored by the Eastman Kodak Company. The prize, awarded in the 1988–1999 period, consisted of a 3-inch brass medal including Einstein's image and a depiction of a two-level transition including the A and B coefficients. Recipients of the prize include:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christopher Monroe</span> American physicist

Christopher Roy Monroe is an American physicist and engineer in the areas of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information science, especially quantum computing. He directs one of the leading research and development efforts in ion trap quantum computing. Monroe is the Gilhuly Family Presidential Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics at Duke University and is College Park Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland and Fellow of the Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Computer Science. He is also co-founder of IonQ, Inc.

Ramsey interferometry, also known as the separated oscillating fields method, is a form of particle interferometry that uses the phenomenon of magnetic resonance to measure transition frequencies of particles. It was developed in 1949 by Norman Ramsey, who built upon the ideas of his mentor, Isidor Isaac Rabi, who initially developed a technique for measuring particle transition frequencies. Ramsey's method is used today in atomic clocks and in the SI definition of the second. Most precision atomic measurements, such as modern atom interferometers and quantum logic gates, have a Ramsey-type configuration. A more modern method, known as Ramsey–Bordé interferometry uses a Ramsey configuration and was developed by French physicist Christian Bordé and is known as the Ramsey–Bordé interferometer. Bordé's main idea was to use atomic recoil to create a beam splitter of different geometries for an atom-wave. The Ramsey–Bordé interferometer specifically uses two pairs of counter-propagating interaction waves, and another method named the "photon-echo" uses two co-propagating pairs of interaction waves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gerhard Rempe</span> German physicist and professor

Gerhard Rempe is a German physicist, Director at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and Honorary Professor at the Technical University of Munich. He has performed pioneering experiments in atomic and molecular physics, quantum optics and quantum information processing.

Jean-Michel Raimond is a French physicist working in the field of quantum mechanics.

Guo Guangcan is a Chinese physicist. He is a professor at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) and Peking University (PKU). He works on quantum information, quantum communication and quantum optic. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and The World Academy of Sciences.

References

  1. 1 2 Serge Haroche on Nobelprize.org OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  2. 1 2 "Press release – Particle control in a quantum world". Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  3. ↑ Haroche, S. (2012). "The secrets of my prizewinning research". Nature. 490 (7420): 311. Bibcode:2012Natur.490..311H. doi: 10.1038/490311a . PMID   23075943.
  4. ↑ Phillips, William Daniel (2013). "Profile of David Wineland and Serge Haroche, 2012 Nobel Laureates in Physics". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (18): 7110–1. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.7110P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1221825110 . PMC   3645510 . PMID   23584018.
  5. ↑ "Page non trouvée". www.college-de-france.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
  6. ↑ "Serge Haroche Biographical - The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  7. ↑ "French Jew, American researcher share Nobel Prize in Physics". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2012-10-09. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  8. ↑ Laskier, Michael M. (1983). The Alliance Israélite Universelle and the Jewish Communities of Morocco: 1862–1962. New York: SUNY Press. p. 192. ISBN   9780873956567.
  9. ↑ "MAROC LXXV E 2.25". Europeana. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  10. ↑ "French Jew wins 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics along with American colleague". European Jewish Press. 2012-10-09. Archived from the original on 2017-10-03. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  11. ↑ Jean-Louis Beaucarnot (2012-10-09). "Origines et généalogie de Serge Haroche, prix Nobel de physique". La Revue française de Généalogie. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  12. ↑ alexandra j. wall (2004-06-04). "New Jewish Agenda founder Roublev dies at 69". J. jweekly.com. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  13. ↑ Columbia University School of Public Health and Administrative Medicine, class of 1958 (p. 30): Alexander Roublev, M.D. (Serge Haroche's grandfather)
  14. ↑ "Genealogy, career and personal life of Serge Haroche". Numericana. 2017-06-14. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  15. ↑ Commission appoints independent Search Committee and invites nominations and applications to fill the post of the next President of the European Research Council European Commission, press release of October 9, 2020.
  16. ↑ Haroche, S. (2012). "The secrets of my prizewinning research". Nature. 490 (7420): 311. Bibcode:2012Natur.490..311H. doi: 10.1038/490311a . PMID   23075943.
  17. ↑ Sayrin, C. M.; Dotsenko, I.; Zhou, X.; Peaudecerf, B.; Rybarczyk, T. O.; Gleyzes, S. B.; Rouchon, P.; Mirrahimi, M.; Amini, H.; Brune, M.; Raimond, J. M.; Haroche, S. (2011). "Real-time quantum feedback prepares and stabilizes photon number states". Nature. 477 (7362): 73–77. arXiv: 1107.4027 . Bibcode:2011Natur.477...73S. doi:10.1038/nature10376. PMID   21886159. S2CID   4383517.
  18. ↑ Deléglise, S.; Dotsenko, I.; Sayrin, C. M.; Bernu, J.; Brune, M.; Raimond, J. M.; Haroche, S. (2008). "Reconstruction of non-classical cavity field states with snapshots of their decoherence". Nature. 455 (7212): 510–514. arXiv: 0809.1064 . Bibcode:2008Natur.455..510D. doi:10.1038/nature07288. PMID   18818653. S2CID   913619.
  19. ↑ Guerlin, C.; Bernu, J.; Deléglise, S.; Sayrin, C. M.; Gleyzes, S. B.; Kuhr, S.; Brune, M.; Raimond, J. M.; Haroche, S. (2007). "Progressive field-state collapse and quantum non-demolition photon counting". Nature. 448 (7156): 889–893. arXiv: 0707.3880 . Bibcode:2007Natur.448..889G. doi:10.1038/nature06057. PMID   17713527. S2CID   4429859.
  20. ↑ Gleyzes, S. B.; Kuhr, S.; Guerlin, C.; Bernu, J.; Deléglise, S.; Busk Hoff, U.; Brune, M.; Raimond, J. M.; Haroche, S. (2007). "Quantum jumps of light recording the birth and death of a photon in a cavity". Nature. 446 (7133): 297–300. arXiv: quant-ph/0612031 . Bibcode:2007Natur.446..297G. doi:10.1038/nature05589. PMID   17361178. S2CID   4428931.
  21. ↑ Bertet, P.; Osnaghi, S.; Rauschenbeutel, A.; Nogues, G.; Auffeves, A.; Brune, M.; Raimond, J. M.; Haroche, S. (2001). "A complementarity experiment with an interferometer at the quantum-classical boundary". Nature. 411 (6834): 166–170. Bibcode:2001Natur.411..166B. doi:10.1038/35075517. PMID   11346787. S2CID   44843828.
  22. ↑ Jean-Michel Raimond; Serge Haroche (2006). Exploring the quantum: atoms, cavities and photons. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN   0-19-850914-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ↑ "APS Fellow Awards". APS. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  24. ↑ "Franklin Laureate Database – Albert A. Michelson Medal Laureates". Franklin Institute. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  25. ↑ "Charles Hard Townes Award". Optical Society . Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  26. ↑ Claudine Haroche (Zeligson). Iiac.cnrs.fr. Retrieved on 2013-01-27.
  27. ↑ "Marriage of Louis Zeligson and Raymonde Sandberg, Serge Haroche's in-laws". Le Figaro. 1936. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  28. ↑ "myplick.com - myplick Resources and Information". www.myplick.com. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
  29. ↑ "Die Nobelpreisträger 2012". Handelsblatt. 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
Awards
Preceded by Nobel Prize in Physics laureate
2012
With: David J. Wineland 		Succeeded by
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.