List of Jewish Nobel laureates

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Sign on Nobel Laureates Boulevard in Rishon LeZion saluting Jewish Nobel laureates PikiWiki Israel 9696 jewish laureates promenade in rishon lezion.jpg
Sign on Nobel Laureates Boulevard in Rishon LeZion saluting Jewish Nobel laureates

Of the 965 individual recipients of the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences between 1901 and 2023, [1] at least 216 have been Jews or people with at least one Jewish parent, representing 22% of all recipients. Jews comprise only 0.2% of the world's population, meaning their share of winners is 110 times their proportion of the world's population. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Jews have been awarded all six of the Nobel Foundation's awards: [3]

Adolf von Baeyer, recipient of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, was Jewish on his mother's side and is considered the first Jewish awardee. [6]

Jewish laureates Elie Wiesel and Imre Kertész survived the extermination camps during the Holocaust. [7] François Englert survived by being hidden in orphanages and children's homes. [8] Others, such as Hans Bethe, Walter Kohn, Otto Stern, Albert Einstein, Hans Krebs and Martin Karplus fled Nazi Germany to avoid persecution. [9] [10] [11] Still others, including Rita Levi-Montalcini, Herbert Hauptman, Robert Furchgott, Arthur Kornberg, and Jerome Karle, experienced significant antisemitism in their careers. [10] [12]

Arthur Ashkin, a 96-year-old American Jew, was, at the time of his award, the oldest person to receive a Nobel Prize. [13] [14]

Chemistry

YearLaureateCountryRationale
1906 Henri Moissan.jpg Henri Moissan [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] France"[for his] investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for [the] electric furnace called after him" [20]
1910 Voit 168 Otto Wallach.jpg Otto Wallach [15] [16] [17] [18] Germany"[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds" [21]
1915 Richard Willstatter.jpg Richard Willstätter [15] [16] [17] [18] Germany"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll" [22]
1918 Fritz Haber.png Fritz Haber [15] [16] [17] [18] [23] Germany"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" [24]
1943 George de Hevesy.jpg George de Hevesy [15] [16] [17] [18] Hungary"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" [25]
1961 Melvin Calvin.jpg Melvin Calvin [15] [16] [17] [18] United States"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" [26]
1962 Max Perutz.jpg Max Perutz [15] [16] [17] [18] [27] United Kingdom / Austria"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" [28]
1972 Christian B. Anfinsen, NIH portrait, 1969.jpg Christian B. Anfinsen [15] [18] [29] United States"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation" [30]
William Howard Stein [15] [16] [18] "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule" [30]
1977 Ilya Prigogine 1977c.jpg Ilya Prigogine [15] [16] [18] [31] Russia / Belgium"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" [32]
1979 Brown, Herbert C. (1912-2004).png Herbert C. Brown [15] [16] [18] [33] United States / United Kingdom"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" [34]
1980 Paul Berg in 1980.jpg Paul Berg [15] [16] [18] [35] United States"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" [36]
WalterGilbert2.jpg Walter Gilbert [15] [16] [18] "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" [36]
1981 Roald Hoffmann.jpg Roald Hoffmann [15] [16] [18] United States / Poland / Ukraine"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions" [37]
1982 Aaron Klug 1979.jpg Aaron Klug [15] [16] [18] United Kingdom / South Africa / Lithuania"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes" [38]
1985 Jerome Karle.jpg Jerome Karle [12] [15] [16] [18] [39] [40] United States"for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" [41]
Herbert Hauptman - UB 2009.jpg Herbert A. Hauptman [10] [15] [16] [18] [42] [43]
1986 John Polanyi.jpg John Polanyi [44] Hungary / Canada / Germany"for his work in chemical kinetics. [44]
1989 Sidney Altman crop.jpg Sidney Altman [15] [16] [18] Canada / United States"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" [45]
1992 Prof. Dr. Rudolph A. Marcus.jpg Rudolph A. Marcus [15] [16] [18] United States / Canada"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" [46]
1994 Olah Gyorgy eloadasa 8299.jpg George Andrew Olah [47] [15] [18] United States / Hungary"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" [48]
1996 Harold Kroto 1c389 8471.sweden.jpg Harry Kroto [18] [49] United Kingdom"for the discovery of fullerenes" [50]
1998 WalterKohnGraz21042006 1.jpg Walter Kohn [9] [10] [15] [18] [51] United States / Austria"for his development of the density-functional theory" [52]
2000 Heeger, Alan J. (1936).jpg Alan J. Heeger [15] [16] [18] [53] United States"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers" [54]
2004 Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Ciehanover.jpg Aaron Ciechanover [18] [55] [56] Israel"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" [57]
Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Hershko.jpg Avram Hershko [18] [55] Hungary / Israel
Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Rose.jpg Irwin Rose [18] [58] [59] United States
2006 Roger.Kornberg.JPG Roger D. Kornberg [55] [60] [61] United States"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription" [62] [63]
2008 Martin Chalfie-press conference Dec 07th, 2008-4.jpg Martin Chalfie [64] United States"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" [65]
2009 AdaYonath.jpg Ada Yonath [55] Israel"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" [66]
2011 Dan Shechtman.jpg Dan Shechtman [67] Israel"for the discovery of quasicrystals" [68]
2012 Lefkowitz3.jpg Robert Lefkowitz [69] United States"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors" [70]
2013 AW TW PS.jpg Arieh Warshel [11] [71] Israel"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems" [72]
Michael Levitt.jpg Michael Levitt [11] [71] United States / United Kingdom / Israel /

South Africa [73] [74]

Nobel Prize 22 2013.jpg Martin Karplus [11] [71] United States / Austria [75]
2024 DBaker SparkPlugMtn July2013.JPG David Baker [76] United States"for computational protein design" [77]

Physiology or Medicine

YearLaureateCountryRationale
1908 Ilya Mechnikov nobel.jpg Élie Metchnikoff [17] [18] [78] Russia / Ukraine"in recognition of their work on immunity" [79]
Paul Ehrlich 1915.jpg Paul Ehrlich [17] [18] [78] Germany
1914 Robert Barany.jpg Robert Bárány [17] [18] [78] Austria-Hungary"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus" [80]
1922 Otto Fritz Meyerhof.jpg Otto Fritz Meyerhof [17] [18] [78] Germany"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle" [81]
1930 Karl Landsteiner nobel.jpg Karl Landsteiner [17] [18] [78] Austria"for his discovery of human blood groups" [82]
1931 Otto Warburg.jpg Otto Heinrich Warburg [17] [18] Germany"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme" [83]
1936 Otto Loewi nobel.jpg Otto Loewi [17] [18] [78] Austria / Germany"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses" [84]
1944 Joseph Erlanger nobel.jpg Joseph Erlanger [17] [18] [78] [85] United States"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres" [86]
1945 Ernst Boris Chain 1945.jpg Ernst Boris Chain [17] [18] [78] United Kingdom / Germany"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" [87]
1946 HJ Muller 1952.jpg Hermann Joseph Muller [17] [18] [78] United States"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation" [88]
1947 Gerty Theresa Cori.jpg Gerty Cori [18] [78] United States / Austria-Hungary / Czechia"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" [89]
1950 Thadeus Reichstein ETH-Bib Portr 10137.jpg Tadeusz Reichstein [17] [18] [78] Switzerland / Poland"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" [90]
1952 Selman Waksman NYWTS.jpg Selman Waksman [17] [18] [78] United States / Russia / Ukraine"for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis" [91]
1953 Hans Adolf Krebs.jpg Hans Adolf Krebs [10] [17] [18] [78] United Kingdom / Germany"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle" [92]
Portrait of Fritz Albert Lipmann (1899-1986), Biochemist (2551001689).jpg Fritz Albert Lipmann [78] United States / Germany"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism" [92]
1958 Joshua Lederberg.jpg Joshua Lederberg [17] [18] [78] United States"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria" [93]
1959 Arthur Kornberg (30828410210) - restoration1.jpg Arthur Kornberg [12] [17] [18] [78] United States"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid" [94]
1964 Konrad Bloch.JPG Konrad Emil Bloch [17] [18] [78] [95] United States / Germany"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism" [96]
1965 Francois Jacob nobel.jpg François Jacob [17] [18] [78] France"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" [97]
Andre Lwoff nobel.jpg André Michel Lwoff [17] [18] [78]
1967 George Wald nobel.jpg George Wald [17] [18] [78] United States"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye" [98]
1968 MNirenberg.jpg Marshall Warren Nirenberg [17] [18] [78] United States"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis" [99]
1969 Salvador E. Luria ca.1969.jpg Salvador Luria [17] [18] [78] United States / Italy"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" [100]
1970 Axelrod01.jpg Julius Axelrod [18] [78] United States"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" [101]
Sir Bernard Katz.jpg Bernard Katz [17] [18] [78] United Kingdom / Germany
1972 Professor Gerald M. Edelman.jpg Gerald Edelman [18] [78] United States"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies" [102]
1975 Dr. David Baltimore2.jpg David Baltimore [18] [78] United States"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell" [103]
Howard Martin Temin 1975.jpg Howard Martin Temin [18] [78]
1976 Baruch Samuel Blumberg by Tom Trower (NASA).jpg Baruch Samuel Blumberg [18] [78] United States"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases" [104]
1977 Rosalyn Yalow.jpg Rosalyn Sussman Yalow [18] [35] [78] United States"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones" [105]
1978 37. Tagung 1987 Mediziner Daniel Nathans lachelnd - W134Nr.125411c - Willy Pragher (cropped).jpg Daniel Nathans [18] [78] United States"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" [106]
1980 Baruj Benacerraf 1969.jpg Baruj Benacerraf [18] [78] United States / Venezuela"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions" [107]
1982 John Robert Vane.jpg John Vane [108] United Kingdomalong with Sune Bergström and Bengt Samuelsson for "their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances". [109]
1984 Milstein lnp.jpg César Milstein [18] [35] [78] Argentina / United Kingdom
"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies" [110]
1985 Mike Brown 2003.jpg Michael Stuart Brown [18] [78] United States"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism" [111]
Joe Goldstein.JPG Joseph L. Goldstein [18] [78]
1986 Stanley Cohen-Biochemist.jpg Stanley Cohen [18] [35] [78] United States"for their discoveries of growth factors" [112]
Rita Levi Montalcini.jpg Rita Levi-Montalcini [18] [78] [113] Italy / United States
1988 Gertrude Elion.jpg Gertrude B. Elion [18] [78] United States"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment" [114]
1989 Varmus, Harold Elliot (1939).jpg Harold E. Varmus [18] [35] [78] United States"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes" [115]
1992 Edmond Fischer Nobel Laureate 1992.jpg Edmond H. Fischer [116] United States / Switzerland"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism" [117]
1994 Alfred Goodman Gilman (cropped).jpg Alfred G. Gilman [18] [78] United States"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" [118]
Rodbell, Martin (1925-1998).jpg Martin Rodbell [18] [78]
1997 Prusiner 1.JPG Stanley B. Prusiner [18] [78] United States"for his discovery of prions – a new biological principle of infection" [119]
1998 Drfurchgott.jpg Robert F. Furchgott [10] [18] [78] United States"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" [120]
2000 Paul Greengard.jpg Paul Greengard [18] [78] United States"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system" [121]
Eric Richard Kandel.jpg Eric Kandel [18] [78] United States / Austria
2002 Sydney Brenner OIST 2008 (33208371153) (cropped) (2).jpg Sydney Brenner [18] [78] United Kingdom / South Africa"for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" [122]
H. Robert Horvitz [18] [78] United States
2004 Richard Axel.jpg Richard Axel [18] [78] [85] [123] United States"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" [124]
2006 Andrew Fire, Stanford University.jpg Andrew Fire [78] United States"for his discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA" [125]
2011 RMSt.jpg Ralph M. Steinman [67] [78] [126] [127] Canada / United Statesfor "his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity" [128]
Nobel Prize 2011-Press Conference KI-DSC 7512.jpg Bruce Beutler [67] [78] [129] United States"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"
2013 James Edward Rothman.jpg James E. Rothman [11] [130] [131] United States"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells" [132]
Randy Schekman 8 February 2012.jpg Randy Schekman [11] [130] [131]
2017 Michael Rosbash EM1B8756 (38847326642).jpg Michael Rosbash [133] [134] [135] United States"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm". [136]
2020 Harvey J. Alter.jpeg Harvey J. Alter [137] [138] [139] United States"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus". [140]
2021 Dr David Julius by christopher michel in 2022 04 (cropped2).jpg David Julius [141] [142] United States"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch". [143]
2023 Drew Weissman Life Science medalist.jpg Drew Weissman [144] [145] [146] United States"for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19". [147]
2024 Gruber Prize Laureate Gary Ruvkun (cropped).jpg Gary Ruvkun [148] [149] United States“for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”. [150]

Physics

YearLaureateCountryRationale
1907 Albert Abraham Michelson2.jpg Albert A. Michelson [16] [17] [151] United States / Germany / Poland"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid" [152]
1908 G lippmann.jpg Gabriel Lippmann [16] [17] [151] France / Luxemburg"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference" [153]
1921 Einstein1921 by F Schmutzer 4.jpg Albert Einstein [16] [17] [151] [154] Germany / Switzerland"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect" [155]
1922 Niels Bohr.jpg Niels Bohr [16] [17] [151] [154] Denmark"for his services in the investigation of the structure of  atoms  and of the radiation emanating from them" [156]
1925 Franck,James 1928.jpg James Franck [16] [151] Germany"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom" [157]
Gustav Hertz.jpg Gustav Hertz [16] [17]
1943 Otto Stern.jpg Otto Stern [16] [151] United States / Germany"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton" [158]
1944 II Rabi.jpg Isidor Isaac Rabi [16] [17] [151] United States / Austria-Hungary / Poland"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei" [159]
1945 Wolfgang Pauli young.jpg Wolfgang Pauli [151] [160] Austria / United States"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli principle" [161]
1952 Felix Bloch, Stanford University.jpg Felix Bloch [16] [17] [151] United States / Switzerland"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith" [162]
1954 Max Born.jpg Max Born [16] [17] [151] United Kingdom / Germany"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction" [163]
1958 Ilya Frank.jpg Ilya Frank [151] [164] Soviet Union"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" [165]
Igor Tamm.jpg Igor Tamm [16] [17] [151] [164] [166]
1959 Segre.jpg Emilio Gino Segrè [16] [17] [151] Italy / United States"for their discovery of the antiproton" [167]
1960 Donald Glaser.jpg Donald A. Glaser [16] [17] [151] United States"for the invention of the bubble chamber" [168]
1961 Robert Hofstadter.jpg Robert Hofstadter [16] [17] [151] United States"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons" [169]
1962 Landau.jpg Lev Landau [16] [17] [151] [164] [170] Soviet Union"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium" [171] [172]
1963 Wigner.jpg Eugene Wigner [151] [173] United States / Hungary"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles" [174]
1965 Richard Feynman Nobel.jpg Richard Feynman [16] [17] [151] [175] United States"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles" [176]
Schwinger.jpg Julian Schwinger [16] [17] [151]
1967 Hans Bethe.jpg Hans Bethe [151] United States / Germany"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars" [177]
1969 MurrayGellMannJI1.jpg Murray Gell-Mann [16] [17] [151] [178] United States"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions" [179]
1971 Dennis Gabor 1971b.jpg Dennis Gabor [16] [151] United Kingdom / Hungary"for his invention and development of the holographic method" [180]
1972 Nobel Laureate Leon Cooper in 2007.jpg Leon Cooper [151] [181] [182] United States"for his jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory" [183]
1973 Brian Josephson, March 2004.jpg Brian David Josephson [16] United Kingdom"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect" [184]
1975 Aage Bohr.jpg Aage Niels Bohr [185] Denmark"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" [186]
Mottelson,Ben 1963 Kopenhagen.jpg Ben Roy Mottelson [16] [151] Denmark / United States
1976 Burton Richter - charm quark.jpg Burton Richter [16] [151] United States"for his pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind" [187]
1978 Arno Penzias.jpg Arno Allan Penzias [16] [151] United States"for his discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" [188]
1979 Sheldon Glashow at Harvard.jpg Sheldon Glashow [16] [151] United States"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" [189]
Steven-weinberg.jpg Steven Weinberg [16] [151]
1981 Artur Schawlow, Stanford University.jpg Arthur Leonard Schawlow [190] United States"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy" [191]
1987 Karl Alexander Mueller.jpg Karl Alexander Müller [151] Switzerland"for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials" [192]
1988 Leon M. Lederman.jpg Leon M. Lederman [16] [35] [151] United States"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino" [193]
Melvin Schwartz [16] [151]
Jack-Steinberger-2008.JPG Jack Steinberger [16] [151] United States / Germany
1990 Physics Nobel laureate Jerry Friedman, 2016.jpg Jerome Isaac Friedman [151] United States"for his pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics" [194]
1992 CHARPAK Georges-24x50-2005 cropped.JPG Georges Charpak [151] France / Poland / Ukraine"for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber" [195]
1995 Martin Perl - tau.jpg Martin Lewis Perl [151] United States"'for the discovery of the tau lepton' and 'for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics'" [196]
Frederick Reines, early 1950s.jpg Frederick Reines [151] "'for the detection of the neutrino' and 'for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics'" [196]
1996 David M Lee Dec 2008.jpg David Morris Lee [47] [151] United States"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" [197]
Douglas Osheroff.jpg Douglas D. Osheroff [47]
1997 Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.JPG Claude Cohen-Tannoudji [151] France / Algeria"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" [198]
2000 Zhores Alferov.jpg Zhores Alferov [47] [151] Russia / Belarus"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics" [199]
2003 AA Abrikosov ANL1.jpg Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov [151] Russia / United States"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" [200]
Vitalii Lazarevich Ginzburg.jpg Vitaly Ginzburg [151] Russia
2004 David Gross cropped.JPG David Gross [55] [151] [201] United States"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction" [202]
H. David Politzer [151]
2005 Roy Glauber Dec 10 2005.jpg Roy J. Glauber [151] United States"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence" [203]
2011 Adam Riess Agr cover.jpg Adam Riess [67] [151] [204] [205] [206] United States"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae" [207]
Nobel Prize 2011-Press Conference KVA-DSC 7744.jpg Saul Perlmutter [67] [151] [208] [209]
2012 Serge Haroche - Theatre de la Commune d'Aubervilliers - 4 mai 2009.jpg Serge Haroche [210] France / Morocco"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems" [211]
2013 Francois Englert.jpg François Englert [8] [11] [212] [213] Belgium"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider" [214]
2016 Jkosterl.jpg J. Michael Kosterlitz [215] United Kingdom"for discoveries in condensed-matter physics that have transformed the understanding of matter that assumes strange shapes"
2017 Rainer Weiss - December 2006.jpg Rainer Weiss [216] United States / Germany"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"
05-0367-92D.hr.jpg Barry Barish [217] [218] United States
2018 Arthur Ashkin EM1B5678 (44417135450).jpg Arthur Ashkin [219] [220] [221] United States"'for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics', in particular 'for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems'"
2020 Roger Penrose at Festival della Scienza Oct 29 2011.jpg Roger Penrose [222] [223] United Kingdom"for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity"
Andrea Ghez.jpg Andrea Ghez [224] [225] [226] United States"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy"

Literature

YearLaureateCountryRationale
1910 Adolf Friedrich Erdmann von Menzel 042.jpg Paul Heyse [47] [227] Germany"as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories" [228]
1927 Bergson-Nobel-photo.jpg Henri Bergson [227] France"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented" [229]
1958 Boris Pasternak 1969.jpg Boris Pasternak [227] Soviet Union"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition" [230]
1966 Agnon.jpg Shmuel Yosef Agnon [227] Israel / Austria-Hungary / Ukraine"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people" [231]
Nelly Sachs 1966.jpg Nelly Sachs [227] Sweden / Germany"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength" [231]
1976 Saul Bellow (Herzog portrait).jpg Saul Bellow [227] United States / Canada"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work" [232]
1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer (upright).jpg Isaac Bashevis Singer [227] United States / Poland"for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life" [233]
1981 Elias Canetti 2.jpg Elias Canetti [227] United Kingdom / Bulgaria"for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power" [234]
1987 Joseph Brodsky 1988.jpg Joseph Brodsky [227] United States / Soviet Union"for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity" [235]
1991 Nadine Gordimer 01.JPG Nadine Gordimer [227] South Africa"who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity" [236]
2002 Oliver Mark - Imre Kertesz, Berlin 2005.jpg Imre Kertész [227] [237] [238] Hungary"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history" [239]
2004 Elfriede jelinek 2004 small.jpg Elfriede Jelinek [240] Austria"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power" [241]
2005 Harold-pinter-atp.jpg Harold Pinter [227] [242] United Kingdom"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms" [243]
2014 Patrick Modiano 6 dec 2014 - 22.jpg Patrick Modiano [244]

[245]

France"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation" [246]
2016 Bob Dylan - Azkena Rock Festival 2010 2.jpg Bob Dylan [247] [248] United States"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition"
2020 Louise Gluck circa 1977.jpg Louise Glück [249] [250] [251] United States"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal." [252]

Economics

YearLaureateCountryRationale
1970 Paul Samuelson.jpg Paul Samuelson [253] [254] United States"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science" [255]
1971 Simon Kuznets 1971b.jpg Simon Kuznets [253] [256] United States / Russia"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development" [257]
1972 Kenneth Arrow, Stanford University.jpg Kenneth Arrow [253] [258] United States"for his pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory" [259]
1973 Wassily Leontief 1973.jpg Wassily Leontief [253] Russia / Germany / United States"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems" [260]
1975 Leonid Kantorovich 1975.jpg Leonid Kantorovich [253] Soviet Union"for his contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources" [261]
1976 Portrait of Milton Friedman.jpg Milton Friedman [253] [258] [262] United States"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy" [263]
1978 Herbert Simon, RIT NandE Vol13Num11 1981 Mar19 Complete.jpg Herbert A. Simon [253] [264] United States"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations" [265]
1980 Lawrence Robert Klein (cropped).jpg Lawrence Klein [253] [264] United States"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies" [266]
1985 Franco Modigliani.jpg Franco Modigliani [253] [254] Italy / United States"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets" [267]
1987 Robert Solow by Olaf Storbeck.jpg Robert Solow [253] United States"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"" [268]
1990 Harry Markowitz [253] [264] United States"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"" [269]
Merton Miller [253] [264]
1992 GaryBecker-May24-2008.jpg Gary Becker [253] [264] United States"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour"" [270]
1993 Robert William Fogel.jpg Robert Fogel [253] [264] United States"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change" [271]
1994 John Harsanyi [253] [264] [272] Hungary / United States"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games" [273]

Reinhard Selten2.jpg

Reinhard Selten [274] Germany
1997 Myron Scholes 2008 in Lindau.png Myron Scholes [253] [264] [275] Canada / United States"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives" [276] [277]
Robert Merton November 2010 03(1).jpg Robert C. Merton [278] United States
2001 Joseph E. Stiglitz - cropped.jpg Joseph Stiglitz [253] [264] United States"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information" [279]
George Akerlof.jpg George Akerlof [280]
2002 Daniel Kahneman (3283955327) (cropped).jpg Daniel Kahneman [253] [264] Israel / United States"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty" [281]
2005 OMAN.jpg Robert Aumann [253] [282] Israel / United States / Germany"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis" [283]
2007 Leonid Hurwicz.jpg Leonid Hurwicz [253] [284] [285] [286] [287] United States / Poland / Russia"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory" [288]
05N3441 emaskin.jpg Eric Maskin [253] [287] [289] United States
Myerson roger b print.jpg Roger Myerson [253] [287]
2008 Paul Krugman-press conference Dec 07th, 2008-8.jpg Paul Krugman [253] [290] United States"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity" [291]
2009 Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-30.jpg Elinor Ostrom [292] [293] United States"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons" [294]
2010 Peter Diamond cropped.jpg Peter Diamond [295] [296] United States"for his analysis of markets with search frictions" [297]
2012 Alvin E. Roth 3 2012.jpg Alvin E. Roth [298] United States"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design" [299]
2016 Nobel Laureates 0983 (31117127490).jpg Oliver Hart [300] United States / United Kingdom"contributions to contract theory"
2017 Richard Thaler Chatham.jpg Richard Thaler [301] United States"contributions have built a bridge between the economic and psychological analyses of individual decision-making"
2018 William Nordhaus EM1B6043 (46234132921).jpg William Nordhaus [302] [303] United States"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis" [304]
2019 Michael Kremer 20201201.jpg Michael Kremer [305] United States"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty"
2020 Paul Milgrom Headshot.jpg Paul Milgrom [306] [307] [308] United States"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats" [309]
2021 Joshua Angrist - 2011.jpg Joshua Angrist [310] [311] [312] United States / Israel"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships" [313]
2022 Ben Bernanke official portrait.jpg Ben Bernanke [314] [315] [316] United States"for research on banks and financial crises" [317]
2022 Douglas Diamond.jpg Douglas Diamond [318]
2023 Claudia Goldin (cropped).jpg Claudia Goldin [319] United States"for having advanced our understanding of women's labour market outcomes". [320]

Peace

YearLaureateCountryRationale
1911 TMCasser.jpg Tobias Michael Carel Asser [321] Netherlands"Initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law at the Hague; Cabinet Minister; Lawyer" [322]
Alfred Herrmann Fried Foto.jpg Alfred Hermann Fried [323] Austria"Journalist; Founder of Die Friedenswarte" [322]
1968 Rene Cassin nobel.jpg René Cassin [324] [325] [326] France"President of the European Court for Human Rights" [327]
1973 Henry Kissinger.jpg Henry A. Kissinger [328] United States / Germany"For the 1973 Paris agreement intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam War and a withdrawal of the American forces" [329] [330]
1978 Menachem Begin 2.jpg Menachem Begin [331] Israel / Russia / Poland"for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel" [332]
1986 Elie Wiesel.jpg Elie Wiesel [333] United States / Romania"Chairman of "The President's Commission on the Holocaust"" [334]
1994 Yitzhak Rabin (1986) cropped.jpg Yitzhak Rabin [335] Israel"to honour a political act which called for great courage on both sides, and which has opened up opportunities for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East." [336]
Shimon Peres World Economic Forum 2007.jpg Shimon Peres [337] Israel / Poland
1995 Joseph Rotblat Los Alamos identity badge photo.jpg Joseph Rotblat [338] [339] [340] Poland / United Kingdom"for his efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms" [341]

Forced to decline prize

YearLaureateCountryRationale
1958 Boris Pasternak 1959 photo.jpg Boris Pasternak USSRLiterature: "for his notable achievement in both contemporary poetry and the field of the great Russian narrative tradition". [342] Pasternak initially accepted the award, but—after intense pressure from Soviet authorities—subsequently declined it. [343] [344] [345] [346]

Jewish laureates per country

Below is a chart of all Jewish Nobel laureates per country (updated to 2024 laureates). Some laureates are counted more than once if have multiple citizenship.

CountryNumber of Jewish Nobel laureates
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 136
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 29
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 20
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia/Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 14
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 13
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 11
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 10
Flag of France.svg  France 10
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 9
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 6
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 5
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 5
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 4
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 4
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 3
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 2
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 1
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 1
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 1
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 1
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxemburg 1
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 1
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 1
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 1
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 1
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechia 1
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 1
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 1

Nobel Laureates Boulevard

Monument and plaque honoring 2002 Economics Laureate Daniel Kahneman on Nobel Laureates Boulevard/Promenade in Rishon LeZion, Israel PikiWiki Israel 9695 jewish laureates promenade in rishon lezion.jpg
Monument and plaque honoring 2002 Economics Laureate Daniel Kahneman on Nobel Laureates Boulevard/Promenade in Rishon LeZion, Israel

The Israeli city of Rishon LeZion has an avenue dedicated to honoring all Jewish Nobel laureates. The street, called Tayelet Hatanei Pras Nobel (Nobel Laureates Boulevard/Promenade), has a monument with attached plaque for each Nobel laureate. The scientific adviser of the project was Prof. Israel Hanukoglu. [347]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ All Nobel Prizes
  2. ↑ "The Mystery of Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates". Jewish Nobel Prize Winners. ANU - Museum of the Jewish People . Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  3. 1 2 "Jewish Nobel Prize Winners". JINFO.ORG. Retrieved 4 October 2023. Cited by JTA
  4. ↑
    • "A remarkable week for Jewish Nobelהש Prize winners". The Jewish Chronicle . October 10, 2013. Jews have won more than 20 per cent of the 850-plus prizes awarded, despite making up just 0.2 per cent of world's population.
    • "One-of-five Nobel Prize Laureates are Jewish". Israel High-Tech & Investment Report. December 2004. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
    • Silverman, Anav (October 2012). "Jews make up less than 0.32% of mankind". ynetnews .
    • Brooks, David (January 11, 2010). "The Tel Aviv Cluster". The New York Times . p. A23. Jews are a famously accomplished group. They make up 0.2 percent of the world population, but 54 percent of the world chess champions, 27 percent of the Nobel physics laureates and 31 percent of the medicine laureates. Jews make up 2 percent of the U.S. population, but 21 percent of the Ivy League student bodies, 26 percent of the Kennedy Center honorees, 37 percent of the Academy Award-winning directors, 38 percent of those on a recent Business Week list of leading philanthropists, 51 percent of the Pulitzer Prize winners for nonfiction.
    • Dobbs, Stephen Mark (October 12, 2001). "As the Nobel Prize marks centennial, Jews constitute 1/5 of laureates". J. The Jewish News of Northern California . Retrieved January 23, 2009. Throughout the 20th century, Jews, more so than any other minority, ethnic or cultural group, have been recipients of the Nobel Prize – perhaps the most distinguished award for human endeavor in the six fields for which it is given. Remarkably, Jews constitute almost one-fifth of all Nobel laureates. This, in a world in which Jews number just a fraction of 1 percent of the population.
    • Ted Falcon; David Blatner (2001). "28". Judaism for dummies. John Wiley & Sons. Similarly, because Jews make up less than a quarter of one percent of the world's population, it's surprising that over 20 percent of Nobel prizes have been awarded to Jews or people of Jewish descent.
    • Lawrence E. Harrison (2008). The Central Liberal Truth: How Politics Can Change a Culture and Save It. Oxford University Press. p. 102. That achievement is symbolized by the fact that 15 to 20 percent of Nobel Prizes have been won by Jews, who represent two tenths of one percent of the world's population.
    • Jonathan B. Krasner; Jonathan D. Sarna (2006). The History of the Jewish People: Ancient Israel to 1880s America. Behrman House, Inc. p. 1. These accomplishments account for 20 percent of the Nobel Prizes awarded since 1901. What a feat for a people who make up only .2 percent of the world's population!
  5. ↑
  6. ↑ Pulzer, Peter G. J. (1991). Jews and the German State: The Political History of a Minority, 1848-1933. Wayne State University Press. p. 110. ISBN   0814331300 . Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  7. ↑ "Winfrey selects Wiesel's 'Night' for book club", Associated Press , January 16, 2006.
  8. 1 2 USC Shoah Foundation Institute testimony of Francois Englert - USHMM Collections Search, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum website. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
  9. 1 2 "Walter Kohn Autobiography". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2011-10-19. They are dominated by my vivid recollections of 1 1/2 years as a Jewish boy under the Austrian Nazi regime... On another level, I want to mention that I have a strong Jewish identity and – over the years – have been involved in several Jewish projects, such as the establishment of a strong program of Judaic Studies at the University of California in San Diego.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hargittai, István (2003). The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists. Oxford University Press. p. 111. ISBN   978-0-19-860785-4
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "A remarkable week for Jewish Nobel Prize winners". The Jewish Chronicle . 10 October 2013. Archived from the original on 19 November 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2013. No less than six Jewish scientists were awarded Nobel Prizes this week... Belgian-born Francois Englert won the accolade in physics... Also this week, two American Jews were awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine [...] James Rothman and Randy Schekman... Meanwhile, three Jewish-American scientists, Arieh Warshel, Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus, shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry... Karplus [...] fled the Nazi occupation of Austria as a child in 1938.
  12. 1 2 3 Hargittai, István (2003). The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists. Oxford University Press. p. 112. ISBN   978-0-19-860785-4
  13. ↑ Hilary Brueck, "The world's oldest Nobel Prize winner, a 96-year-old physicist, says his new invention will give everyone in the world clean, cheap energy", Business Insider , January 26, 2019.
  14. ↑ "The Latest: US scientist, 96, is oldest to win Nobel Prize", Associated Press , October 2, 2018.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Chemistry". Israel Science and Technology Directory. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Wentzel Van Huyssteen (2003). Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, Volume 2. MacMillan Reference USA. p. 493.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Feuer, Lewis Samuel (1995). Varieties of Scientific Experience: Emotive Aims in Scientific Hypotheses (citing Encyclopaedia Judaica). Transaction Publishers. p. 402. ISBN   978-1-56000-223-9
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 J. Rogers Hollingsworth (2007), "High Cognitive Complexity and the Making of Major Scientific Discoveries", in Arnaud Sales, Marcel Fournier (eds.). Knowledge, Communication and CreativitySage Studies in International Sociology, SAGE, 2007, p. 136. ISBN   9780761943075
  19. ↑ Joan Comay; Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok (1995). Who's who in Jewish history: after the period of the Old Testament. Routledge. p. 264. ISBN   0-415-12583-9. Moissan, whose mother was Jewish, [...]
  20. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  21. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  22. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  23. ↑ Leroy, Francis (2003). A Century of Nobel Prizes Recipients: Chemistry, Rhysics, and Medicine. CRC Press. p. 28. ISBN   978-0-8247-0876-4
  24. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  25. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  26. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  27. ↑ Georgina Ferry (2008). Max Perutz and the secret of life. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. p. 2. ISBN   978-0-7011-7695-2.
  28. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  29. ↑ "The Christian B. Anfinsen Papers Biographical Information". Profiles in Science. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
  30. 1 2 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
  31. ↑
    • Radu Balescu. "Ilya Prigogine: His Life, His Work", in Stuart Alan Rice (2007). Special volume in memory of Ilya Prigogine, John Wiley and Sons. p. 2. "In the history of science, there are few examples of such a flashing and immense ascent as that of Ilya Prigogine (Fig. 1). The little Russian Jewish immigrant arrived in Brussels at the age of 12..."
    • Magnus Ramage, Karen Shipp (2009). Systems Thinkers. Springer. p. 277. "Prigogine was born in January 1917 in Moscow... His family 'had a difficult relationship with the new regime' (Prigogine 1977), being both Jewish and merchants...
    • Jean Maruani, Roland Lefebvre, Erkki Brändas (eds.) (2003). Advanced Topics in Theoretical Chemical Physics, Springer, p. xv. "Ilya Prigogine was born on January 25, 1917, in Moscow, Russia, the second boy in a middle-class, Jewish family."
  32. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  33. ↑ Herbert C. Brown, "Herbert C. Brown", in Tore Frängsmyr, Sture Forsén (1993). Chemistry, 1971–1980. World Scientific. p. 337. "My parents... came to London in 1908 as part of the vast Jewish immigration in the early part of this century."
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  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hargittai, István (2003). The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists. Oxford University Press. p. 113. ISBN   978-0-19-860785-4
  36. 1 2 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  37. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  38. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  39. ↑ "Jerome Karle" Archived 2013-10-05 at the Wayback Machine , Profiles, Humanities and the Arts, City College of New York website. Retrieved September 10, 2011. "Jerome Karle is an American Jewish physical chemist who shared the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with a fellow CCNY classmate, Herbert Hauptman"
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  41. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  42. ↑ Bernard S. Schlessinger, June H. Schlessinger (1996). The who's who of Nobel Prize winners, 1901–1995. Oryx Press. p. 101.
  43. ↑ Samuel Kurinsky. "Jewish Nobel Prize Winners Part I: Chemistry", Hebrew History Federation.
  44. 1 2 "Press Release: The 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  45. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  46. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-19.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 Schreiber, Mordecai; Schiff, Alvin I.; Klenicki, Leon, eds. (2003), "Jewish Nobel Prize Winners", The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia, Schreiber Publishing, p. 198, ISBN   1-887563-77-6
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  49. ↑ "Sir Harold Kroto – Autobiography". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2012-10-14.
  50. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  51. ↑ Leroy, Francis (2003). A Century of Nobel Prizes Recipients: Chemistry, Rhysics, and Medicine. CRC Press. p. 108. ISBN   978-0-8247-0876-4
  52. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  53. ↑ Fant, Kenne (2006). Alfred Nobel: A Biography. Arcade Publishing. p. 478. "Heeger was born in Sioux City, Iowa to a Jewish family."
  54. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 Boaz Arad. "Best Jewish brains head to China. Beijing conference on science and technology to host Israeli, Jewish American Nobel laureates". Yedioth Ahronoth . January 11, 2010. "Three Nobel Prize laureates – Ada Yonath, Aaron Ciechanover, and Avram Hershko – are scheduled to take part in a conference in Beijing this month to present Israel's top achievements in the field of Chemistry. The three will be joined by two Jewish American laureates, Professor Roger Kornberg, a biochemist, and David Gross, who won a physics Nobel."
  56. ↑ Ciechanover, Aaron (2009). "The 2008 Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting: Aaron Ciechanover, Chemistry 2004". Journal of Visualized Experiments (29). doi:10.3791/1559. PMC   3148932 . PMID   19571788.
  57. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  58. ↑ István Hargittai, Magdolna Hargittai (2006). Candid Science VI. Imperial College Press. "Both Irwin Rose's parents came from secular Jewish families, on his maternal side, the Greenwalds originated from Hungary and on his paternal side, the Roses originated from the Odessa region of Russia."
  59. ↑ Seymour "Sy" Brody. "Irwin Rose: Chemistry Recipient-2004" Archived 2014-10-24 at the Wayback Machine , American Jewish Recipients of the Nobel Prize, Florida Atlantic University Libraries website. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
  60. ↑ Joe Eskenazi. "Winning Nobel Prizes seems to run in one family's chemistry—and biology" Archived 2016-05-29 at the Wayback Machine . The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles . October 12, 2006. "Arthur Kornberg – who still has his own lab at Stanford Medical School at age 88 – grew up in an Orthodox Brooklyn household, where Yiddish was the first language. His future wife, Sylvy Levy, also grew up Orthodox, but the couple raised their children in a fairly secular environment. Still, the family had a strong Jewish and pro-Israel identity, and Roger Kornberg is a consistent donor to the San Francisco-based Jewish Community Federation. Roger married an Israeli scientist, Yahli Lorch, a Stanford professor of structural biology, and they live almost half the year in their Jerusalem flat, where he leads his research team remotely via the Internet. "
  61. ↑ Nadan Feldman. "U.S. Nobel laureate: Israel must invest more in higher education". Haaretz . January 13, 2012. "...explains Kornberg, when asked about the values his father instilled in him, and the atmosphere in which he grew up, in a Jewish family in the 1950s."
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  67. 1 2 3 4 5
    • Janice Arnold (2011-10-12). "Nobel laureate is pride of Sherbrooke Jews". Canadian Jewish News . "Shechtman was one of five Jews, including a former Montrealer, the late Ralph Steinman, to receive the prestigious prize for their scientific endeavours... Steinman and Bruce Beutler... won for their groundbreaking work in discoveries on the immune system. Saul Perlmutter and Adam Riess, both American Jews... won the prize in physics."
    • Looks, Elka (2011-10-05). "Jews make strong showing among 2011 Nobel Prize winners". Haaretz . "Israeli scientist Daniel Shechtman has made headlines at home for winning the 2011 Nobel Prize in chemistry, but he is not the only Jewish recipient... Ralph Steinman and Bruce Beutler were awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine for their discoveries on the immune system... Saul Perlmutter and Adam G. Riess, both American Jews, are two of the three Nobel Prize in physics winners... So far, five of the seven Nobel Prize winners this year are Jewish..."
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  69. ↑ "NY Jewish doctor wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry", The Jerusalem Post ( Jewish Telegraphic Agency ), October 10, 2012.
  70. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
  71. 1 2 3 "Three Jewish American scientists, two of which have Israeli citizenship, won the 2013 Nobel Prize for chemistry", The Jerusalem Post ( Jewish Telegraphic Agency ), October 19, 2013.
  72. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  73. ↑ "Michael Levitt is a US, British and Israeli citizen", The Jerusalem Post , October 9, 2013.
  74. ↑ "Fellow winner Michael Levitt, a South Africa-born professor, also holds Israeli citizenship.", The Times of Israel , October 9, 2013.
  75. ↑ "Martin Karplus, a US and Austrian citizen", The Jerusalem Post , October 9, 2013.
  76. ↑ JINFO. "Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry". www.jinfo.org. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
  77. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
  78. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 "Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Biomedical Sciences". Israel Science and Technology Directory. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
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  80. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  81. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  82. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  83. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  84. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  85. 1 2 Fred Skolnik, Michael Berenbaum (eds.) 2007. Encyclopaedia Judaica, Volume 13. Macmillan Reference USA / Keter Publishing House. p. 733. "Jewish scientists have participated in this problem from the early days of Joseph Erlanger's research on nerve conduction to Richard Axel's dissection of the pathways relevant to olfactory function."
  86. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  87. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  88. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  89. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  90. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
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  347. ↑ "Nobel Prize Laureates Boulevard" Archived 2012-01-04 at the Wayback Machine , Structures, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Spring 2011, p. 4. "Dr. Hauptman interestingly is one of 160 Jewish Nobel Laureates... In honor of this distinction, there is a boulevard dedicated to Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates in a town called Kiryat Hatanei Pras Nobel (Nobel Prize Laureates' Town) outside of Tel Aviv, Israel. On this boulevard, a monument and plaque have been dedicated in Dr. Hauptman's honor."

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