List of Hungarian Nobel laureates

The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." In 1968, a sixth prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established.

Hungarians have won 15 Nobel Prizes since 1905. Eight were born in Budapest. Following is a complete list of the Nobel laureates of Hungary, as recognised by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. ^{[1] [2]}

Laureates

Hungarians have received Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Economics – in all fields except Peace.

Year	Image	Laureate	Field	Contribution
1905		Philipp Lenard	Physics	for his work on cathode rays
1914		Robert Bárány	Physiology or Medicine	for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus
1925		Richard Adolf Zsigmondy	Chemistry	for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry
1937		Albert Szent-Györgyi	Physiology or Medicine	for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to Vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid
1943		George de Hevesy	Chemistry	for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes
1961		Georg von Békésy	Physiology or Medicine	for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea
1963		Eugene Wigner	Physics	for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles
1971		Dennis Gabor	Physics	for his invention and development of the holographic method
1986		John Polanyi	Chemistry	for his contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes
1994		George Andrew Olah	Chemistry	for his contribution to carbocation chemistry
1994		John Harsanyi	Economics	for pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games
2002		Imre Kertész	Literature	for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history
2004		Avram Hershko (Hungarian spelling: Herskó)	Chemistry
2023		Katalin Karikó	Physiology or Medicine	for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 [3]
2023		Ferenc Krausz	Physics	for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter [4]

Also sometimes included

• 1976, Physiology or Medicine: Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, who was born in the United States to parents from the Kingdom of Hungary; his mother was Hungarian and his father Slovak. ^{[5] [6] [7] [8]}
• 1976, Economics: Milton Friedman, who was born in the United States to Hungarian parents from Beregszász, Bereg County, Kingdom of Hungary ^{[5] [9] [6] [7]}
• 1986, Peace: Elie Wiesel, who was born to Hungarian parents in 1928 in Sighet, Transylvania (until 1920 part of Hungary) ^{[5] [9] [6] [7] [8]}

Unsuccessful nominees

Year(s)	Image	Nominee	Field	Nominated by
1911, 1914, 1917		Loránd Eötvös [10]	Physics	Izidor Fröhlich  [ hu; de ], Radó von Kövesligethy, Jenő Klupathy  [ hu ], Philipp Lenard
1901		Vilmos Schulek  [ hu; de ] [11]	Physiology or Medicine	Lajos Thanhoffer  [ hu ], Antal Genersich  [ hu ]
1901		Endre Hőgyes  [ hu; de ] [12]	Physiology or Medicine	Frigyes Korányi, Antal Genersich  [ hu ]
1901		Josef von Fodor [13]	Physiology or Medicine	Endre Hőgyes  [ hu; de ], Antal Genersich  [ hu ]
1901, 1931, 1937		Sándor Korányi [14]	Physiology or Medicine	Ottó Pertik  [ hu ], Pál Hári  [ hu ], Louis Nékám, Emil Grósz  [ hu ], Zoltán Vámossy  [ hu ], József Frigyesi  [ hu ], István Tóth  [ hu ], Géza Illyés  [ hu ], László Kétly  [ hu ], Tibor Verebélÿ  [ hu ], Philipp Schwartz, Lajos Ádám  [ hu ]
1904		István Apáthy [15]	Physiology or Medicine	Willem Rommelaere
1928, 1940		Géza Mansfeld  [ hu ] [16]	Physiology or Medicine	László Rhorer  [ hu ], István Rusznyák
1943		Ladislas J. Meduna [17]	Physiology or Medicine	Jakob Klaesi
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953		Hans Selye [18]	Physiology or Medicine	...
1950		Miklós Jancsó  [ hu ] [19]	Physiology or Medicine	József Frigyesi  [ hu ], Béla Issekutz  [ hu ], Sándor Mozsonyi  [ hu ]
1901, 1902		Ferenc Kemény [20]	Literature	Imre Pauer  [ hu ], Gusztáv Heinrich  [ hu ]
1925, 1926, 1927		Ferenc Herczeg [21]	Literature	Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1935		Dezső Szabó [22]	Literature	Björn Collinder
1936, 1937		Cécile Tormay [23]	Literature	János Hankiss  [ hu ], Károly Pap  [ hu ], János Horváth  [ hu ], Jenő Pintér  [ hu ], Fredrik Böök
1965, 1966		Gyula Illyés [24]	Literature	John Lotz  [ hu ]
1965-1970		George Popják [25]	Chemistry
1967		György Lukács [26]	Literature	Erik Lindegren
1969, 1970		László Mécs  [ hu ] [27]	Literature	Watson Kirkconnell
1970, 1971		Sándor Weöres [28]	Literature	Áron Kibédi Varga  [ hu ]
1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932		Albert Apponyi [29]	Peace	19 Professors of Law, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged, Members of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Debrecen (József Tisza  [ hu ]), The Hungarian Inter-Parliamentary Group (Albert Berzeviczy), The professors at the Faculty of Law at the Elisabeth University of Pécs, 3 professors at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Professors at the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged

References

1. "Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
2. "Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
3. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023" (PDF) (Press release). Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute. 2 October 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
4. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023" (PDF) (Press release). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 3 October 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
5. Földesi, Katalin (11 December 2018). "Magyar Nobel-díjasok – III. rész" [Hungarian Nobel laureates – part III]. Tudománypláza (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
6. "Hány magyar Nobel-díjasunk van?" [How many Hungarian Nobel laureates do we have?]. 24.hu (in Hungarian). 7 October 2021. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
7. "Magyar Nobel-díjasok" [Hungarian Nobel laureates]. Nemzeti Tudósképző Akadémia (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
8. Beck, Mihály (December 2001). "A magyar Nobel-díjasok" [The Hungarian Nobel laureates]. Magyar Tudomány (in Hungarian). 46 (12). Budapest: Akaprint: 1444–1452. ISSN   0025-0325. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
9. Beck, Mihály. "A Nobel-díj és a magyar Nobel-díjasok" [The Nobel Prize and Hungarian Nobel laureates](PDF). Budapest Főváros XV. Kerület Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota Önkormányzata (in Hungarian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
10. "Loránd Eötvös". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
11. "V von Schulek". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
12. "Andreas Högyes". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
13. "Josef von Fodor". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
14. "Alexander von Korányi". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
15. "Stephan Apáthy". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
16. "Geza Mansfeld". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
17. "Ladislas de Meduna". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
18. "Hans Selye". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
19. "Miklos Jancsó". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
20. "Franz Kemény". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
21. "Franz (Ferenc) Herczeg". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
22. "Dezsö Szabó". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
23. "Cecile Tormay". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
24. "Gyula Illyés". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
25. "Nomination%20archive%20-%20%20%20". NobelPrize.org. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
26. "Georg Lukács". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
27. "László Mécs". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
28. "Sándor Weöres". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
29. "Count Albert Apponyi". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.

Sources

• Binder, David (2013). Farewell, Illyria. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. ISBN   978-615-5225-74-1.
• Hoare, Marko Attila (2007). The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day. London, England: Saqi. ISBN   978-0-86356-953-1.
• Lampe, John R. (2000) [1996]. Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-77401-7.