List of Indian Nobel laureates

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Rabindranath Tagore was the first person of Indian origin and also first Asian to be awarded with the Nobel Prize. He received the prize for Literature in 1913. Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg
Rabindranath Tagore was the first person of Indian origin and also first Asian to be awarded with the Nobel Prize. He received the prize for Literature in 1913.

The Nobel Prize is a set of annual international awards bestowed on "those who conferred the greatest benefit on humankind" in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economic Sciences, [A] [2] instituted by Alfred Nobel's last will, which specified that a part of his fortune be used to create the prizes. Each laureate (recipient) receives a gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money, which is decided annually by the Nobel Foundation. [3] The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel; the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; the Swedish Academy awards the Nobel Prize in Literature; and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Nobel Peace Prize. They are widely recognised as one of the most prestigious honours awarded in the aforementioned fields. [4]

Contents

First instituted in 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to a total of 989 individuals (930 men and 59 women) and 30 organisations as of 2022. [5] Among the recipients, 12 are Indians of which 5 are Indian citizens and 7 are of Indian ancestry or residency. Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian citizen to be awarded and also first Asian to be awarded in 1913. Mother Teresa is the only woman among the list of recipients. [6] Sri Aurobindo, the Indian poet, philosopher, nationalist and developer of Integral yoga, was nominated unsuccessfully for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1943 and for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950. [7] [8]

On 1 December 1999, the Norwegian Nobel Committee confirmed that Mahatma Gandhi was nominated unsuccessfully for the Peace Prize five times (from 1937 to 1939, in 1947 and a few days before he was assassinated in January 1948). [9] In 2006, Geir Lundestad, the Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee, cited it as "the greatest omission in our 106-year history". [10] [11] [12]

Laureates

List of the Indian (British Indian Citizen and Indian Citizen) Nobel Prize/Nobel Memorial Prize Winners [13] [B]
YearImageNameFamilyField (Nobel Prize/Nobel Memorial Prize)ReasonBornDied
1913 Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg Rabindranath Tagore or Rabindranath Thakur (Author and Composer of National Anthem of India, Jana Gana Mana, it was written in Sadhu/Pure/Classical Bengali language by him in 1911, he is the only Indian to win Nobel Prize in Literature) Bengali Hindu Brahmin family, Khulna, Bengal, now Bangladesh (East Bengal) Literature Gitanjali (A collection of Poems written in Sadhu/Pure/Classical Bengali language by him in 1910)7 May 1861, Calcutta, Bengal, now West Bengal 7 August 1941, Calcutta, Bengal, now West Bengal
1930 Sir CV Raman.JPG Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (Only Indian to win Nobel Prize in Science/Physics) Tamil Hindu Brahmin family, Thanjavur, Madras Presidency, now Tamil Nadu (South India) Physics Discovery of Raman Effect/Scattering by him in 19287 November 1888, Tiruchirapalli, Madras Presidency, now Tamil Nadu (South India)21 November 1970, Bangalore, Mysore State, now Karnataka (South India)
1979 MotherTeresa 094.jpg Mother Teresa
[C] 		Macedonian Christian family, Kosovo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire, now North Macedonia (Europe) Peace Humanitarianism (Missionaries of Charity is a Catholic Christian centralised religious institute of consecrated life of Pontifical Right for Women, established by her in 1950, it is initially dedicated to serving the Poorest of the Poor in India)26 August 1910, Kosovo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire, now North Macedonia (Europe)5 September 1997, Calcutta, West Bengal
1998 Amartya Sen , c2000 (4379246038).jpg Amartya Sen (Only Indian to win Nobel Prize/Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics) Bengali Hindu family, Wari, Dhaka, Bengal, now Bangladesh (East Bengal) Economics Contribution to Welfare Economics 3 November 1933, Birbhum, Bengal, now West Bengal -
2014 Kailash Satyarthi March 2015.jpg Kailash Satyarthi or Kailash Sharma
[D] 		Hindu Brahmin family, Vidisha, Madhya Bharat State, now Madhya Pradesh Peace Humanitarianism (Struggle against the oppression of children and young people and the right of all children to education)11 January 1954, Vidisha, Madhya Bharat State, now Madhya Pradesh -

Overseas citizens of Indian origin

The following are not Indians, but rather Nobel laureates born in British India or laureates who are of Indian origin but subsequently non-citizens of India; however, they are still often included in lists of Indian Nobel laureates.
YearLaureateCountry of residenceFieldRationaleRef.
1968 Har Gobind Khorana nobel.jpg Har Gobind Khorana [E] Flag of the United States.svg  United States
(born in Raipur,Punjab, British India, now Pakistan)		Physiology or Medicine"For their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis." [15]
1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.gif Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Flag of the United States.svg  United States
(born in Lahore,Punjab, British India, now Pakistan)		Physics"For his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars." [16]
2009 Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-08.jpg Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom / Flag of the United States.svg  United States
(born in Chidambaram, India)		Chemistry"For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome." [17]
2019 FT Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award 2011 (cropped).jpg Abhijit Banerjee Flag of the United States.svg  United States
(born in Mumbai, India)		Economics"For his experimental approach to alleviating Global Poverty" [18]

Other

The following are Nobel laureates with Indian linkages – foreigners who were born in India, those who are of Indian ancestry and those who were residents in India when they became recipients of the Nobel Prize.
YearLaureateCountry of residenceFieldRationaleRef
1902 Ronald Ross.jpg Ronald Ross Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
(born in Almora, British India)		Physiology or Medicine"For his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it." [19]
1907 Rudyard Kipling, by Elliott & Fry (cropped).jpg Rudyard Kipling Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
(born in Bombay, British India)		Literature"In consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author." [20]
1989 Dalailama1 20121014 4639.jpg 14th Dalai Lama Flag of India.svg  India
(born in Taktser, Republic of China)		Peace"For his consistent resistance to the use of violence in his people’s struggle to regain their liberty." [21] [22]
2001 VS Naipal 2016 Dhaka.jpg V. S. Naipaul Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
(born in Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago)		Literature"For having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories." [23]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences is an additional prize that was established in 1968 by the Bank of Sweden and was first awarded in 1969. Although not technically a Nobel Prize, it is identified with the award and the winners are announced with the Nobel Prize recipients, and the Prize in Economic Sciences is presented at the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony. [2]
  2. ↑ Per Indian nationality law, Article 9 of the Indian Constitution says that a person who voluntarily acquires citizenship of any other country is no longer an Indian citizen. Also, according to The Passports Act, a person has to surrender his Indian passport; it is a punishable offence under the act if he fails to surrender the passport. Hence, citizenship exclusively includes jus sanguinis (citizenship by right of blood). [14]
  3. ↑ Born in Skopje, Ottoman Empire
  4. ↑ shared with Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan
  5. ↑ Awarded along with Robert W. Holley and Marshall W. Nirenberg

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize in Physics</span> One of the five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</span> Award established in 1968 by Sveriges riksbank in memory of Alfred Nobel

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</span> Award established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Peace Prize</span> One of five Nobel Prizes established by Alfred Nobel

The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually to people who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." The Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary History describes it as "the most prestigious prize in the world."

References

  1. ↑ Kasturi, Charu Sudan (25 August 2013). "Nobel tribute to Tagore – Stockholm to Calcutta, Sweden lines up centenary events". The Telegraph India. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  2. 1 2 "Nobel Prizes–Britannica". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  3. ↑ "The Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  4. ↑ "A short guide to the Nobel Prize". Swedish Institute. 7 December 2018. Archived from the original on 24 January 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  5. ↑ Media, Nobel (22 November 2018). "Nobel Prize facts". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  6. ↑ "From 1913 to 2014: Indian Nobel Prize winners". The Hindu . 10 October 2014. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  7. ↑ Rajinder Singh (September 2012). "Aurobindo Gosh's Nobel nomination". Science and Culture. p. 442. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  8. ↑ Media, Nobel (22 November 2018). "Aurobindo Ghosh Nomination archive". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  9. ↑ Levinovitz, Agneta Wallin (2001). The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years. London: Imperial College Press, London. pp. 181–186. ISBN   9789810246655.
  10. ↑ Tønnesson, Øyvind (1 December 1999). "Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  11. ↑ Ghosh, Avijit (17 October 2006). "We missed Mahatma Gandhi". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  12. ↑ Wolchover, Natalie (10 May 2011). "No Peace for Gandhi". NBCNews. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  13. ↑ George, P J (10 October 2014). "List of laureates". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 12 November 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  14. ↑ "Indian Citizenship". indiacode.nic.in. Archived from the original on 5 June 2003. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  15. ↑ "H. Gobind Khorana". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  16. ↑ "Subramanyan Chandrasekhar". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  17. ↑ "Venkatraman Ramakrishnan". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  18. ↑ "Abhijit Banerjee". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  19. ↑ "Ronald Ross". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  20. ↑ "Rudyard Kipling". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  21. ↑ "Dalai Lama 14th". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  22. ↑ Aarvik, Egil. "Award ceremony speech". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  23. ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature 2001". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2024.

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