List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize

Clockwise from top left: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Rosalind Franklin, Emmeline Pankhurst and Virginia Woolf were among the influential 20th-century women who largely contributed in their fields but were never considered for the Nobel Prizes.

The Nobel Prize (Swedish : Nobelpriset) is a set of five different prizes that, according to its benefactor Alfred Nobel, in his 1895 will, must be awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". The five prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. ^[1]

As of 2023, 65 Nobel Prizes and the Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences have been awarded to 64 women ^[2] and since 1901, the year wherein the awarding of the prizes began, hundreds of women have already been nominated and shortlisted carefully in each field. ^{[3] [4]}

The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel. ^{[5] [6]} Curie is also the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, making the two the only mother-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes. ^[5] Of the currently revealed female nominees both in physics and chemistry, the notable scientists Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Astrid Cleve, Harriet Brooks, Alice Ball, Mileva Marić, Inge Lehmann, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Leona Woods and Helen Parsons were not included.

In 1912, Mary Edwards Walker became the first ever woman nominated for prize in physiology or medicine but her nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel Committee because her nominator was not invited to nominate that year. ^[7] Hence, Cécile Vogt-Mugnier, nominated first in 1922, became the official first female nominee but never won despite numerous recommendations. ^[3] She was followed by Maud Slye who was nominated in the year 1923, but again never won. Only in 1947, that the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was finally awarded to a woman, Gerty Cori, sharing with her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori. ^[8] Of the currently revealed female nominees, the physiologists Nettie Stevens, Frieda Robscheit-Robbins, Rosalind Franklin, Miriam Michael Stimson, Louise Pearce, Virginia Apgar, Hattie Alexander and Alice Catherine Evans were not included.

The most number of female nominees was in the field of literature. The first woman to be nominated was the German memoirist Malwida von Meysenbug for the year 1901. ^[3] She was nominated by the French historian Gabriel Monod but unfortunately did not win the prize. ^[9] Her nomination was followed by Émilie Lerou and Selma Lagerlöf for the year 1904. Lagerlöf would later on become the first woman to win the prize in the year 1909. ^[10] Of the 77 currently revealed female nominees for the literature category, the celebrated authors Kate Chopin, Delmira Agustini, Edith Nesbit, Alfonsina Storni, Marina Tsvetaeva, Virginia Woolf, Simone Weil, Gertrude Stein, Willa Cather, Emma Orczy, Zora Neale Hurston, Edith Hamilton, Flannery O'Connor, Fannie Hurst, Clarice Lispector, Hannah Arendt and Agatha Christie were not included. ^{[11] [12] [13]}

The first women nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize were Belva Ann Lockwood and Bertha von Suttner, who would eventually be awarded in 1905. ^[3] The latter was considered for authoring Lay Down Your Arms! and contributing to the creation of the Prize. ^[14] Of the 57 currently revealed female nominees, the famous Susan B. Anthony, Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, Harriet Tubman, Mary Harris Jones, Olive Schreiner, Aletta Jacobs, Emmeline Pankhurst, Ida B. Wells, Käthe Kollwitz, Muriel Lester, Katharine Drexel, Helene Schweitzer, Marie Stopes, Vera Brittain, Ava Helen Pauling, Golda Meir, Rachel Carson and Rosa Parks were not included. ^{[15] [16]}

Physics

Starting from 1902 to 1970, 11 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics and three of the nominees were subsequently awarded.

• 1902.
• 1934.
• 1937.
• 1950.
• 1955.
• 1955.
• 1956.
• 1958.
• 1964.
• 1970.
• 1971.
• Others.

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1902
	Marie Skłodowska Curie	7 November 1867 Warsaw, Poland	4 July 1934 Passy, Haute-Savoie, France	1902, 1903	Awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Henri Becquerel and husband Pierre Curie and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. [17]
1935
	Irène Joliot-Curie	12 September 1897 Paris, France	17 March 1956 Paris, France	1934, 1935	Awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Frédéric Joliot-Curie . [18]
1937
	Lise Meitner	7 November 1878 Vienna, Austria	27 October 1968 Cambridge, United Kingdom	1937, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1965	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too. [19]
1950
	Marietta Blau	29 April 1894 Vienna, Austria	27 January 1970 Vienna, Austria	1950, 1956, 1957	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too. [20]
	Hertha Wambacher [lower-alpha 1]	9 March 1903 Vienna, Austria	25 March 1950 Vienna, Austria	1950	Nominated jointly with Marietta Blau the only time by Erwin Schrödinger . [21]
1955
	Maria Goeppert-Mayer	28 June 1906 Katowice, Poland	2 February 1972 San Diego, California, United States	1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963	Awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with J. Hans D. Jensen . [22]
1956
	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	12 May 1910 Cairo, Egypt	29 July 1994 Ilmington, England, United Kingdom	1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961	Awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. [23]
1958
	Chien-Shiung Wu	31 May 1912 Liuhe, Taicang, China	16 February 1997 New York City, New York, United States	1958, 1959, 1960, 1964, 1965	[24]
1964
	Margaret Peachey Burbidge	12 August 1919 Stockport, England, United Kingdom	5 April 2020 San Francisco, California, United States	1964	Nominated jointly with William Alfred Fowler and Fred Hoyle the only time by Harold Urey . [25]
1970
	Jocelyn Bell Burnell	15 July 1943 Lurgan, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom	—	1970 [lower-alpha 2]	[26] [lower-alpha 3]
	Janine Connes	19 May 1926 France	—	1970	Nominated jointly with Pierre Connes and Robert B. Leighton the only time by Rupert Wildt. [27]
1971–1972
should be revealed by Nobel Committee
Others [lower-alpha 4]
2018
	Donna Strickland	27 May 1959 Guelph, Ontario, Canada	—	2018	Awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gérard Mourou and Arthur Ashkin.
2020
	Andrea Mia Ghez	16 June 1965 New York City, New York, United States	—	2020	Awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics with Reinhard Genzel and Roger Penrose.
2023
	Anne L'Huillier	16 August 1958 Paris, France	—	2023	Awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ferenc Krausz and Pierre Agostini.

Chemistry

Starting 1911 to 1970, 15 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and 3 of these nominees were subsequently awarded.

• 1911,
• 1924,
• 1933,
• 1935,
• 1939,
• 1950,
• 1952,
• 1956,
• 1957,
• 1958,
• 1960,
• 1963,
• 1967,
• 1968,
• 1971,
• Others,

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1911
	Marie Skłodowska Curie	7 November 1867 Warsaw, Poland	4 July 1934 Passy, Haute-Savoie, France	1911	Awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistryand the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. [17]
1924
	Lise Meitner	7 November 1878 Vienna, Austria	27 October 1968 Cambridge, United Kingdom	1924, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1948	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [19]
1933
	Ida Tacke Noddack	25 February 1896 Wesel, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany	24 September 1978 Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany	1933, 1935, 1937	Nominated jointly with Walter Noddack only. [28]
1935
	Irène Joliot-Curie	12 September 1897 Paris, France	17 March 1956 Paris, France	1935	Awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Frédéric Joliot and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [18]
1939
	Dorothy Maud Wrinch	12 September 1894 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina	11 February 1976 Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States	1939	[18]
1950
	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	12 May 1910 Cairo, Egypt	29 July 1994 Ilmington, England, United Kingdom	1950, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964	Awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistryand nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [23]
	Thérèse Boyer Tréfouël	19 June 1892 Paris, France	9 November 1978 Paris, France	1950	Nominated the only time jointly with Jacques Tréfouël and Gladwyn Buttle. [29]
1952
	Marguerite Perey	19 October 1909 Villemomble, Seine-Saint-Denis, France	13 May 1975 Louveciennes, Yvelines, France	1952, 1958, 1961, 1965, 1966	[30]
1956
	Joan Folkes	1927 Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom	?	1956	Nominated jointly with Ernest Gale the only time by John Howard Northrop . [31]
1957
	Marietta Blau	29 April 1894 Vienna, Austria	27 January 1970 Vienna, Austria	1957	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [20]
1958
	Maria Goeppert-Mayer	28 June 1906 Katowice, Poland	2 February 1972 San Diego, California, United States	1958	Awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics. [20]
1960
	Martha Cowles Chase	30 November 1927 Cleveland Heights, Ohio, United States	8 August 2003 Lorain, Ohio, United States	1960	Nominated jointly with Alfred Hershey , Alfred Gierer, Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Gerhard Schramm the only time by John Howard Northrop . [32]
1963
	Alberte Bucher-Pullman	26 August 1920 Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France	7 January 2011 Paris, France	1963, 1965	Nominated jointly with Bernard Pullman each time. [33]
1967
	Mary Belle Allen	11, November 1922 Morristown, New Jersey, United States	1973 Fairbanks, Alaska, United States	1967	Nominated jointly with Daniel I. Arnon and Frederick Whatley the only time by John Howard Northrop . [34]
1968
	Erika Cremer	20 May 1900 Munich, Germany	21 September 1996 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria	1968	Nominated the only time by Franz Patat. [35]
1971–1972
should be revealed by Nobel Committee
Others [lower-alpha 4]
1995
	Johanna Döbereiner	28 November 1924 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic	5 October 2000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	1995, 1997	[36] [37]
2009
	Ada Yonath	22 June 1939 Jerusalem, Israel	—	2009	Awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz.
2016
	Svetlana Zaginaichenko	10 August 1957 Kyiv, Ukraine	23 November 2015 Dnipro, Ukraine	2016	[38]
2018
	Frances Arnold	25 July 1956 Edgewood, Pennsylvania, United States	—	2018	Award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with George P. Smith and Gregory Winter.
2020
	Emmanuelle Charpentier	11 December 1968 Juvisy-sur-Orge, Essonne, France	—	2020	Awarded jointly the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
	Jennifer Doudna	19 February 1964 Washington, D.C., United States	—	2020
2022
	Carolyn Bertozzi	10 October 1966 Boston, Massachusetts, United States	—	2022	Awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Morten Meldal and Karl Barry Sharpless.

Physiology or Medicine

Starting from 1922 to 1953, 15 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine wherein one was declared invalid, one was purportedly recommended and one was subsequently awarded.

• 1912'
• 1922'
• 1923'
• 1925'
• 1930'
• 1939'
• 1940'
• 1941'
• 1946'
• 1947'
• 1951'
• 1952'
• 1954'
• Others'

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1912
	Mary Edwards Walker [lower-alpha 5]	26 November 1832 Oswego, New York, United States	21 February 1919 Oswego, New York, United States	1912 [lower-alpha 6]	Nominated the only time by A. S. Helton. [7]
1922
	Cécile Vogt-Mugnier [lower-alpha 7]	27 March 1875 Annecy, Haute-Savoie, France	4 May 1962 Cambridge, United Kingdom	1922, 1923, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1950, 1951, 1953	Nominated jointly with Oskar Vogt each time. [39]
1923
	Maud Caroline Slye [lower-alpha 8]	8 February 1879 Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States	17 September 1954 Chicago, Illinois, United States	1923	Nominated the only time by Albert Soiland. [40]
1925
	Gladys Rowena Henry Dick [lower-alpha 9]	18 December 1881 Pawnee City, Nebraska, United States	21 August 1963 Palo Alto, California, United States	1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1935	Nominated jointly with George Frederick Dick each time. [41]
1930
	Alice Bernheim [lower-alpha 10]	28 September 1878 Cincinnati, Ohio, United States	14 July 1968 Cincinnati, Ohio, United States	1930	Nominated the only time by William Cogswell Clarke. [42]
1939
	May Tweedy Mellanby [lower-alpha 11]	9 September 1882 London, United Kingdom	5 March 1978 London, United Kingdom	1939	Nominated jointly with Edward Mellanby each time. [43]
	Susan Gower Smith [lower-alpha 12]	9 December 1897 Greenville, South Carolina, United States	3 October 1983 Durham, North Carolina, United States	1939	Nominated jointly with David Tillerson Smith and Julian Ruffin the only time by Osvaldo Polimanti. [44]
1940
	Olive Watkins Smith [lower-alpha 13]	29 April 1901 Worcester, Massachusetts, United States	1983 Brookline, Massachusetts, United States	1940 [lower-alpha 14]	Nominated jointly with George Van Siclen Smith the only time by Frank Arthur Pemberton. [45]
1941
	Sona Valikhan [Vəlixan]	19 June 1883 Kharkiv, Ukraine	4 April 1982 Baku, Azerbaijan	1941 [lower-alpha 14]	Nominated by the Azerbaijan Medical Institute. [lower-alpha 15]
1946
	Gerty Theresa Radnitz-Cori [lower-alpha 16]	15 August 1896 Prague, Czechia	25 October 1957 Glendale, Missouri, United States	1946, 1947	Awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Bernardo Houssay . [47]
	Militsa Nikolaeva Lyubimova-Engelhardt [lower-alpha 17]	26 December 1898 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia	22 December 1975 Moscow, Russia	1946	Nominated jointly with Vladimir Engelgardt the only time by Leon Orbeli. [48]
1947
	Helen Brooke Taussig [lower-alpha 18]	24 May 1898 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	20 May 1986 Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States	1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953	[49]
1951
	Miriam Friedman Menkin [lower-alpha 19]	8 August 1901 Riga, Latvia	8 June 1992 Boston, Massachusetts, United States	1951	Nominated jointly with John Rock and Roger Alfred Auguste Vendrely the only time by Bożydar Szabuniewicz. [50]
	Madge Thurlow Macklin [lower-alpha 20]	6 February 1893 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States	4 March 1962 Columbus, Ohio, United States	1951	Nominated the only time by Charles Clifford Macklin. [51]
1952
	Elizabeth Bugie Gregory	5 October 1920 New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States	10 April 2001 New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States	1952	Nominated jointly with Selman Waksman and Albert Schatz the only time by Jevrem Nedelkovitch. [52]
1954–1972
should be revealed by Nobel Committee
Others [lower-alpha 4]
1977
	Rosalyn Yalow	19 July 1921 New York City, New York, United States	30 May 2011 The Bronx, New York, United States	1977	Award the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew V. Schally and Roger Guillemin.
1979
	Johanna Budwig	30 September 1908 Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany	19 May 2003 Freudenstadt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany	1979	[53] [54]
1983
	Barbara McClintock	16 June 1902 Hartford, Connecticut, United States	2 September 1992 Huntington, New York, United States	1983	Awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
1986
	Rita Levi-Montalcini	22 April 1909 Turin, Italy	30 December 2012 Rome, Italy	1986	Awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Stanley Cohen.
1988
	Gertrude Belle Elion	23 January 1918 New York City, New York, United States	21 February 1999 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States	1988	Awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with James W. Black and George H. Hitchings.
1995
	Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard	20 October 1942 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany	—	1995	Awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edward B. Lewis and Eric F. Wieschaus.
1997
	Lida Holmes Mattman	31 July 1912 Denver, Colorado, United States	6 August 2008 Essexville, Michigan, United States	1997	[55]
2004
	Linda Buck	29 January 1947 Seattle, Washington, United States	—	2004	Awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Richard Axel.
2008
	Françoise Barré-Sinoussi	30 July 1947 Paris, France	—	2008	Awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Luc Montagnier and Harald zur Hausen.
2009
	Elizabeth Blackburn	26 November 1948 Hobart, Tasmania, Australia	—	2009	Awarded jointly the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Jack W. Szostak.
	Carolyn Greider	15 April 1961 San Diego, California, United States	—	2009
2014
	May-Britt Moser	4 January 1963 Fosnavåg, Norway	—	2014	Awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edvard I. Moser and John O'Keefe.
2015
	Tú Yōuyōu	30 December 1930 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China	—	2015	Awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura.
2020
	Huda Zoghbi	20 June 1954 Beirut, Lebanon	—	2020	[56]
2021
	Özlem Türeci Şahin	6 March 1967 Siegen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany	—	2021	[57]
2023
	Katalin Karikó	17 January 1955 Szolnok, Hungary	—	2023	Awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Drew Weissman.

Literature

From 1901 to 1972, 77 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and 8 of these nominees were subsequently awarded.

• 1901*
• 1904*
• 1905*
• 1908*
• 1910*
• 1913*
• 1914*
• 1922*
• 1926*
• 1927*
• 1928*
• 1930*
• 1931*
• 1934*
• 1935*
• 1936*
• 1937*
• 1938*
• 1939*
• 1940*
• 1941*
• 1943*
• 1945*
• 1948*
• 1950*
• 1951*
• 1955*
• 1956*
• 1958*
• 1959*
• 1960*
• 1961*
• 1963*
• 1964*
• 1965*
• 1967*
• 1968*
• 1969*
• 1970*
• 1972*
• 1973*
• 1974*
• Others*

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1901
	Malwida von Meysenbug	28 October 1816 Kassel, Hesse, Germany	23 April 1903 Rome, Italy	1901	Nominated the only time by Gabriel Monod. [58]
1904
	Selma Lagerlöf	20 November 1858 Värmland, Sweden	16 March 1940 Värmland, Sweden	1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909	Awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Literature. [59]
	Émilie Lerou	18 May 1855 Rouen, France	11 June 1935 Paris, France	1904	Nominated the only time by Jules Claretie. [60]
1905
	Eliza Orzeszkowa	6 June 1841 Mil'kovshchina, Belarus	18 May 1910 Grodno, Belarus	1905	[61]
1908
	Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche	10 July 1846 Lützen, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany	8 November 1935 Weimar, Thuringia, Germany	1908, 1916, 1917, 1923	[62]
1910
	Molly Elliot Seawell	23 October 1860 Gloucester, United States	15 November 1916 Washington, D.C., United States	1910, 1911	Nominated by Charles W. Kent each time. [63]
	Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach	13 September 1830 Troubky-Zdislavice, Czechia	12 March 1916 Vienna, Austria	1910, 1911	Nominated by Emil Reich each time. [64]
1913
	Grazia Deledda Madesani	28 September 1871 Nuoro, Italy	15 August 1936 Rome, Italy	1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927	Awarded the 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1927. [65]
1914
	Dora Melegari	27 June 1849 Lausanne, Switzerland	31 July 1924 Rome, Italy	1914, 1923	[66]
1922
	Sigrid Undset Svarstad	20 May 1882 Kalundborg, Denmark	10 June 1949 Lillehammer, Norway	1922, 1925, 1926, 1928	Awarded the 1928 Nobel Prize in Literature. [67]
	Matilde Serao Scarfoglio	7 March 1856 Patras, Greece	25 July 1927 Naples, Italy	1922, 1923, 1924, 1925	[68]
1926
	Sofía Casanova Lutosławski	30 September 1861 A Coruña, Spain	16 January 1958 Poznań, Poland	1926	[69]
	Ada Negri Garlanda	3 February 1870 Lodi, Italy	11 January 1945 Milan, Italy	1926, 1927	[70]
	Concha Espina de la Serna	15 April 1869 Santander, Spain	19 May 1955 Madrid, Spain	1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1952, 1954	[71]
1927
	Edith Jones Wharton	24 January 1862 New York City, New York, United States	August 11, 1937 Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, Val-d'Oise, France	1927, 1928, 1930	[72]
1928
	Anna Elisabeth de Noailles	15 November 1876 Paris, France	30 April 1933 Paris, France	1928	Nominated the only time by Tor Hedberg. [73]
	Edith Annie Howes	29 August 1872 London, England	14 June 1954 Dunedin, New Zealand	1928	Nominated the only time by Francis Prendeville Wilson. [74]
	Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez	15 August 1956 Seville, Spain	13 April 1956 Madrid, Spain	1928	[75]
	Ricarda Huch	18 July 1864 Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany	17 November 1947 Kronberg, Hesse, Germany	1928, 1935, 1937, 1946	[76]
1930
	Clotilde Crespo de Arvelo	19 September 1887 Los Teques, Miranda, Venezuela	(?) 1959 Caracas, Venezuela	1930	Nominated the only time by Manuel María Villalobos. [77]
1931
	Laura Mestre Hevia	6 April 1867 Havana, Cuba	11 January 1944 Havana, Cuba	1931	Nominated the only time by Juan Miguel Dihigo Mestre. [78]
	Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić	18 April 1874 Ogulin, Croatia	21 September 1928 Zagreb, Croatia	1931, 1935, 1937, 1938	[79]
1934
	Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício	19 April 1884 Lisbon, Portugal	3 November 1947 Lisbon, Portugal	1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947	[80]
1935
	Violet Beauclerk Clifton	2 November 1883 Rome, Italy	20 November 1961 Lytham St Annes, England, United Kingdom	1935 [lower-alpha 14]	Nominated the only time by Nevill Coghill. [81]
	Elise Richter	2 March 1865 Vienna, Austria	23 June 1943 Theresienstadt Ghetto, Terezín, Czechia	1935 [lower-alpha 14]	[82]
1936
	Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti	20 January 1871 Vienna, Austria	8 April 1955 Linz, Upper Austria, Austria	1936	[83]
	Cécile Tormay	8 October 1875 Budapest, Hungary	2 April 1937 Gyöngyös, Hungary	1936, 1937	[84]
1937
	Maria Jotuni Tarkiainen	9 April 1880 Kuopio, Finland	30 September 1943 Helsinki, Finland	1937	Nominated the only time by Viljo Tarkiainen. [85]
	Sally Salminen Dürhkop	25 April 1906 Vårdö, Åland, Finland	18 July 1976 Copenhagen, Denmark	1937, 1938, 1939	[86]
	Maila Talvio Mikkola	17 October 1871 Hartola, Finland	6 January 1951 Helsinki, Finland	1937, 1939, 1947	[87]
1938
	Pearl Sydenstricker Buck	26 June 1892 Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States	6 March 1973 Danby, Vermont, United States	1938	Awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too. [88]
	Margaret Mitchell	8 November 1900 Atlanta, Georgia, United States	16 August 1949 Atlanta, Georgia, United States	1938	Nominated the only time by Sven Hedin. [89]
	Henriette Charasson	13 February 1884 Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, France	29 May 1972 Toulouse, France	1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1947, 1949, 1954, 1957	[90]
1939
	Ethel Florence Richardson	3 January 1870 East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia	20 March 1946 Hastings, England, United Kingdom	1939	Nominated the only time by Sten Bodvar Liljegren. [91]
	Henriette Roland Holst-van der Schalk	24 December 1869 Noordwijk, South Holland, Netherlands	21 November 1952 Amsterdam, Netherlands	1939, 1950, 1952	[92]
	Maria Szumka Dąbrowska	6 October 1889 Russów, Kalisz, Poland	19 May 1965 Warsaw, Poland	1939, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1965	[93]
1940
	Gabriela Mistral	7 April 1889 Vicuña, Chile	10 January 1957 Hempstead, New York, United States	1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945	Awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature. [94]
1941
	Ruth Comfort Mitchell Young	21 July 1882 San Francisco, California, United States	18 February 1954 Los Gatos, California, United States	1941 [lower-alpha 14]	[95]
1943
	Elisaveta Bagryana	16 April 1893 Sofia, Bulgaria	23 March 1991 Sofia, Bulgaria	1943, 1944, 1945, 1969	[96]
1945
	Marie Under Adson	27 March 1883 Tallinn, Estonia	25 September 1980 Stockholm, Sweden	1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1958, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973	[97]
1948
	Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette	28 January 1873 Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye, Yonne, France	3 August 1954 Paris, France	1948	Nominated the only time by Claude Farrère. [98]
	Dorothy Canfield Fisher	17 February 1879 Lawrence, Kansas, United States	9 November 1958 Arlington, Vermont, United States	1948, 1949	Nominated by David Baumgardt each time. [99]
1950
	Karen von Blixen-Finecke	17 April 1885 Rungsted, Denmark	7 September 1962 Rungsted, Denmark	1950, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962	[100]
	Gertrud von Le Fort	11 October 1876 Minden, North Rhine–Westphalia, Germany	1 November 1971 Oberstdorf, Bavaria, Germany	1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963	[101]
1951
	María Enriqueta Camarillo de Monter	19 February 1872 Coatepec, Mexico	13 February 1968 Mexico City, Mexico	1951	Nominated the only time by Leavitt Olds Wright. [102]
	Katharine Susannah Prichard Throssell	4 December 1883 Levuka, Fiji	2 October 1969 Greenmount, Western Australia, Australia	1951	[103]
1955
	Edith Louisa Sitwell	7 September 1887 Scarborough, England, United Kingdom	9 December 1964 London, United Kingdom	1955, 1958, 1959	[104]
1956
	Melpo Axioti	15 July 1905 Athens, Greece	22 May 1973 Athens, Greece	1956	Nominated the only time by André Bonnard. [105]
	Marthe Lahovary Bibesco	28 January 1886 Bucharest, Romania	28 November 1973 Paris, France	1956	[106]
	Elizabeth de Beauchamp Goudge	24 April 1900 Wells, England, United Kingdom	1 April 1984 Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom	1956, 1959	Nominated by Edmond Privat each time. [107]
1958
	Elizabeth Bowen Cameron	7 June 1899 Dublin, Ireland	22 February 1973 London, England, United Kingdom	1958	Nominated the only time by Roman Jakobson. [108]
1959
	Juana Fernández Morales de Ibarbourou	8 March 1892 Melo, Uruguay	15 July 1979 Montevideo, Uruguay	1959, 1960, 1963	[109]
	María Raquel Adler	ca. 1900 Argentine Sea	28 July 1974 Bernal, Argentina	1959, 1965	[110]
	Anna Seghers	19 November 1900 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany	1 June 1983 East Berlin, Germany	1959, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972	[111]
1960
	Marie Noël	16 February 1883 Auxerre, Yonne, France	23 December 1967 Auxerre, Yonne, France	1960	Nominated the only time by Maurice Bemol. [112]
1961
	Cora Sandel	20 December 1880 Oslo, Norway	3 April 1974 Uppsala, Sweden	1961	Nominated the only time by Harald Ofstad. [113]
	Giulia Scappino Murena	1902 Ferrara, Italy	1982 Bologna, Italy	1961, 1962	Nominated by Alfredo Galletti each time and for the Nobel Peace Prize too. [114]
	Simone Lucie de Beauvoir	9 January 1908 Paris, France	14 April 1986 Paris, France	1961, 1969, 1973	[115]
1963
	Nelly Sachs	10 December 1891 Berlin, Germany	12 May 1970 Stockholm, Sweden	1963, 1964, 1965, 1966	Awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature with Shmuel Yosef Agnon . [116]
	Ingeborg Bachmann	25 June 1926 Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria	17 October 1973 Rome, Italy	1963	Nominated the only time by Harald Patzer. [117]
	Kate Roberts-Williams	13 February 1891 Rhosgadfan, Wales, United Kingdom	4 April 1985 Denbigh, Wales, United Kingdom	1963	Nominated the only time by Idris Foster. [118]
1964
	Ina Seidel	15 September 1885 Halle (Saale), Saxony-Anhalt, Germany	2 October 1974 Schäftlarn, Bavaria, Germany	1964	Nominated the only time by Günther Jachmann. [119]
	Judith Wright McKinney	31 May 1915 Armidale, New South Wales, Australia	25 June 2000 Canberra, Australia	1964, 1965, 1967	[120]
	Katherine Anne Porter	15 May 1890 Indian Creek, Texas, United States	18 September 1980 Silver Spring, Maryland, United States	1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968	[121]
1965
	Marguerite Yourcenar	8 June 1903 Brussels, Belgium	17 December 1987 Northeast Harbor, Maine, United States	1965	Nominated the only time by Ida-Marie Frandon. [122]
	Anna Akhmatova	28 June 1889 Odesa, Ukraine	5 March 1966 Moscow, Russia	1965, 1966	[123]
	Marie Luise Kaschnitz	31 January 1901 Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany	10 October 1974 Rome, Italy	1965, 1967	Nominated by the Hermann Tiemann each time. [124]
1967
	Lina Kostenko	19 March 1930 Rzhyshchiv, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine	—	1967	Nominated jointly with Pavlo Tychyna and Ivan Drach the only time by Omeljan Pritsak. [125]
1968
	Marianne Moore	15 November 1887 Kirkwood, Missouri, United States	5 February 1972 New York City, New York, United States	1968	Nominated the only time by Erik Lindegren. [126]
	Mildred Matthews Breedlove	27 May 1904 Coal Hill, Arkansas, United States	14 August 1994 Ferron, Utah, United States	1968	Nominated the only time by United Poets Laureate International. [127]
1969
	Nathalie Sarraute	18 July 1900 Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Russia	19 October 1999 Paris, France	1969	Nominated the only time by Lars Gyllensten. [128]
1970
	Victoria Ocampo	7 April 1890 Buenos Aires, Argentina	27 January 1979 Béccar, Argentina	1970	Nominated the only time by Miguel Alfredo Olivera. [129]
1972
	Nadine Gordimer	20 November 1923 Springs, Gauteng, South Africa	13 July 2014 Johannesburg, South Africa	1972, 1973	Awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature. [130]
	Doris Lessing	22 October 1919 Kermanshah, Iran	17 November 2013 London, England, United Kingdom	1972, 1973	Awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. [131]
	Astrid Lindgren	14 November 1907 Vimmerby, Kalmar, Sweden	28 January 2002 Stockholm, Sweden	1972	[132]
1973
	Indira Devi Dhanrajgir	17 August 1930 Hyderabad, Telangana, India	—	1973	Nominated the only time by Krishna Srinivas. [133]
	Zenta Mauriņa	15 December 1897 Lejasciems, Latvia	25 April 1978 Basel, Switzerland	1973	Nominated the only time by Mārtiņš Zīverts. [134]
1974
to be revealed in 2025
	Argentina Díaz Lozano	5 December 1909 Santa Rosa de Copán, Honduras	13 August 1999 Tegucigalpa, Honduras	1974
Others [lower-alpha 4]
1976
	Anaïs Nin	21 February 1903 Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, France	14 January 1977 Los Angeles, California, United States	1976	[135]
1979
	Joyce Carol Oates	16 June 1938 Lockport, New York, United States	—	1979, 1999	[136]
1981
	Mary Kawena Pukui	20 April 1895 Kau, Hawaii, United States	21 May 1986 Honolulu, Hawaii, United States	1981	[137]
1984
	Kamala Surayya–Das	31 March 1934 Punnayurkulam, Kerala, India	31 May 2009 Pune, Maharashtra, India	1984	[138]
1988
	Christa Wolf	18 March 1929 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Lubusz, Poland	1 December 2011 Berlin, Germany	1988	[139]
1990
	Maria Luisa Spaziani	7 December 1922 Turin, Italy	30 June 2014 Rome, Italy	1990, 1992, 1997
1991
	Patricia Highsmith	19 January 1921 Fort Worth, Texas, United States	4 February 1995 Locarno, Switzerland	1991	[140]
1992
	Matilde Alba Swann	24 February 1912 Berisso, Argentina	13 September 2000 La Plata, Argentina	1992	[141]
1993
	Toni Morrison	18 February 1931 Lorain, Ohio, United States	5 August 2019 New York City, New York, United States	1993	Awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature.
1996
	Wisława Szymborska	2 July 1923 Kórnik, Poznań, Poland	1 February 2012 Kraków, Poland	1996	Awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature.
	Inger Christensen	16 January 1935 Vejle, Denmark	2 January 2009 Copenhagen, Denmark	1996	[142]
	Alda Merini	21 March 1931 Milan, Italy	1 November 2009 Milan, Italy	1996, 2001	[143]
1997
	Alicia Ghiragossian	13 July 1936 Córdoba, Argentina	22 May 2014 Los Angeles, California, United States	1997	[144]
1998
	Janet Frame	28 August 1924 Dunedin, New Zealand	29 January 2004 Dunedin, New Zealand	1998, 2003	[145]
1999
	Simin Behbahani	20 July 1927 Tehran, Iran	19 August 2014 Tehran, Iran	1999, 2002	[146]
2000
	Vizma Belševica	30 May 1931 Riga, Latvia	6 August 2005 Riga, Latvia	2000	[147]
2002
	Leyla Erbil	12 January 1931 Istanbul, Türkiye	19 July 2013 Istanbul, Türkiye	2002	[148]
2003
	Giovanna Mulas	6 May 1969 Nuoro, Sardinia, Italy	—	2003	[149]
2004
	Elfriede Jelinek	20 October 1946 Mürzzuschlag, Styria, Austria	—	2004	Awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Literature.
	Friederike Mayröcker	20 December 1924 Vienna, Austria	4 June 2021 Vienna, Austria	2004	[150]
2007
	Luz Pozo Garza	21 July 1922 Ribadeo, Lugo, Spain	20 April 2020 A Coruña, Spain	2007	[151]
2008
	Marjorie Boulton	7 May 1924 Teddington, Greater London, United Kingdom	30 August 2017 London, United Kingdom	2008	[152] [153]
2009
	Herta Müller	17 August 1953 Nițchidorf, Romania	—	2009	Awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature.
	Dương Thu Hương	1947 Thái Bình, Vietnam	—	2009	[154]
2011
	Nawal El Saadawi	22 October 1931 Kafr Tahla, Qalyubiyya, Egypt	21 March 2021 Cairo, Egypt	2011, 2012, 2021	[155] [156]
2012
	Mahasweta Devi	14 January 1926 Dhaka, Bangladesh	28 July 2016 Kolkata, West Bengal, India	2012	[157]
	Dacia Maraini	13 November 1936 Florence, Italy	—	2012	[158]
2013
	Alice Munro	10 July 1931 Wingham, Ontario, Canada	13 May 2024 Port Hope, Ontario, Canada	2013	Awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature.
2014
	Svetlana Alexievich	31 May 1948 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine	—	2014, 2015	Awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature.
2015
	Anna Nerkagi	15 February 1951 Yamalo-Nenets, Russia	—	2015, 2018, 2020	[159] [160]
2016
	Lygia Fagundes Telles	19 April 1918 São Paulo, Brazil	3 April 2022 São Paulo, Brazil	2016	[161]
	Tess Osonye Onwueme	8 September 1955 Ogwashi Ukwu, Delta, Nigeria	—	2016	[162]
2018
	Olga Tokarczuk	29 January 1962 Sulechów, Zielona Góra, Poland	—	2018, 2019	Awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature in 2019.
	Agustina Bessa-Luís	15 October 1922 Amarante, Portugal	3 June 2019 Porto, Portugal	2018	[163]
2020
	Louise Glück	22 April 1943 New York City, New York, United States	13 October 2023 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	2020	Awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature.
	Giovanna Giordano	12 November 1961 Milan, Italy	—	2020	[164] [165]
	Scholastique Mukasonga	20 December 1956 Gikongoro, Rwanda	—	2020, 2021, 2022	[166] [167]
2022
	Annie Ernaux	1 September 1940 Lillebonne, Seine-Maritime, France	—	2022	Awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature.
	Edwidge Danticat	19 January 1969 Port-au-Prince, Haiti	—	2022	[168]
2024
	Maria Tedeschi	3 January 1972 Naples, Italy	—	2024	[169]

Peace

From 1901 to 1973, 57 women have been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and five of these nominees were subsequently awarded. Currently, the Nobel archives has revealed nominations from 1901 to 1973, the other enlisted women were verified nominations based on public and private news agencies.

• 1901:
• 1903:
• 1905:
• 1910:
• 1913:
• 1916:
• 1917:
• 1918:
• 1920:
• 1922:
• 1931:
• 1933:
• 1935:
• 1936:
• 1937:
• 1938:
• 1939:
• 1940:
• 1946:
• 1947:
• 1948:
• 1949:
• 1951:
• 1952:
• 1953:
• 1954:
• 1955:
• 1959:
• 1961:
• 1962:
• 1963:
• 1967:
• 1969:
• 1970:
• 1971:
• 1972:
• 1973:
• 1974:
• Others:

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1901
	Bertha Sophie von Suttner [lower-alpha 21]	9 June 1843 Prague, Czechia	21 June 1914 Vienna, Austria	1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905	Awarded the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize. [170]
	Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood [lower-alpha 22]	24 October 1830 Royalton, New York, United States	19 May 1917 Washington, D.C., United States	1901, 1914	[171]
1903
	Priscilla Hannah Peckover [lower-alpha 23]	27 October 1833 Wisbech, England, United Kingdom	8 September 1931 Wisbech, England, United Kingdom	1903, 1905, 1911, 1913	[172]
1905
	Henriette Verdier Winteler de Weindeck [lower-alpha 24]	9 January 1832 London, United Kingdom	20 March 1910 London, United Kingdom	1905, 1907, 1910	[173]
1910
	Ángela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa [lower-alpha 25]	ca. 1860 Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, Argentina	25 June 1940 Buenos Aires, Argentina	1910, 1911	[174]
1913
	Anna Bernhardine Eckstein	14 June 1868 Coburg, Bavaria, Germany	16 October 1947 Coburg, Bavaria, Germany	1913	Nominated the only time by Nils August Nilsson. [175]
	Lucia True Ames Mead [lower-alpha 26]	5 May 1856 Boscawen, New Hampshire, United States	1 November 1936 Boston, Massachusetts, United States	1913	Nominated jointly with her husband Edwin Doak Mead the only time by Samuel Train Dutton. [176]
1916
	Jane Addams [lower-alpha 27]	6 September 1860 Cedarville, Illinois, United States	21 May 1935 Chicago, Illinois, United States	1916, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931	Awarded the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize. [177]
1917
	Rosika Bédy-Schwimmer [lower-alpha 28]	11 September 1877 Budapest, Hungary	3 August 1948 New York City, New York, United States	1917, 1948	[178]
1918
	Mary Shapard [lower-alpha 29]	c. 1882 Mississippi, United States	c. 1950s Texas, United States	1918	Nominated the only time by Morris Sheppard. [179] [180]
1920
	Caroline Rémy de Guebhard	27 April 1855 Paris, France	24 April 1929 Pierrefonds, Oise, France	1920, 1922, 1924, 1927, 1929	Nominated by Lucien Le Foyer each time. [181]
1922
	Eglantyne Jebb	25 August 1876 Ellesmere, England, United Kingdom	17 December 1928 Geneva, Switzerland	1922	[182]
	Elsa Brändström Ulich [lower-alpha 30]	26 March 1888 Saint Petersburg, Russia	4 March 1948 Boston, Massachusetts, United States	1922, 1923, 1928, 1929	[183]
1931
	Annie Wood Besant [lower-alpha 31]	1 October 1847 Clapham, England, United Kingdom	20 September 1933 Adyar, Chennai, India	1931	Nominated the only time by Peter Freeman. [184]
	Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair [lower-alpha 32]	15 March 1857 London, England, United Kingdom	18 April 1939 Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom	1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937	[185]
1933
	Margit Antonia Bárczy [lower-alpha 33]	29 November 1877 Budapest, Hungary	26 March 1934 Paris, France	1933	Nominated the only time by Charles Dupuis. [186]
1935
	Janet Miller (prob. Janet Morison Miller (1891–1946))	—	—	1935	[187]
	Julie Bikle	8 January 1871 Lucerne, Switzerland	11 May 1962 Winterthur, Switzerland	1935, 1936, 1937	Nominated by Otto Pfister each time. [188]
1936
	Moina Belle Michael [lower-alpha 34]	15 August 1869 Good Hope, Georgia, United States	10 May 1944 Athens, Georgia, United States	1936	[189]
	Irma Schweitzer-Meyer [lower-alpha 35]	30 January 1882 Baden, Switzerland	4 July 1967 Zürich, Switzerland	1936, 1937	Nominated by Nils August Nilsson each time. [190]
1937
	Henrietta Szold [lower-alpha 36]	21 December 1860 Baltimore, Maryland, United States	13 February 1945 Jerusalem, Israel	1937	Nominated the only time by Royal S. Copeland. [191]
1938
	Princess Henriette of Belgium	30 November 1870 Brussels, Belgium	28 March 1948 Sierre, Switzerland	1938	[192]
1939
	Carrie Chapman Catt [lower-alpha 37]	9 January 1859 Ripon, Wisconsin, United States	9 March 1947 New Rochelle, New York, United States	1939	[193]
1940
	Helene Stöcker	13 November 1869 Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany	24 February 1943 New York City, New York, United States	1940 [lower-alpha 14]	Nominated with Théodore Ruyssen the only time by Ludwig Quidde . [194]
1946
	Emily Greene Balch [lower-alpha 38]	8 January 1867 Boston, Massachusetts, United States	9 January 1961 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	1946	Awarded the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize with John Mott . [195]
	Alexandra Kollontai [lower-alpha 39]	31 March 1872 Saint Petersburg, Russia	9 March 1952 Moscow, Russia	1946, 1947	[196]
1947
	Anna Eleanor Roosevelt [lower-alpha 40]	11 October 1884 New York City, New York, United States	7 November 1962 Manhattan, New York, United States	1947, 1949, 1955, 1959, 1962	[197]
1948
	Katharine Bruce Glasier [lower-alpha 41]	25 September 1867 Stoke Newington, London, United Kingdom	14 June 1950 Earby, England, United Kingdom	1948	Nominated the only time by Gilbert McAllister. [198]
1949
	María Eva Duarte Perón [lower-alpha 42]	7 May 1919 Los Toldos, Argentina	26 July 1952 Buenos Aires, Argentina	1949	Nominated jointly with her husband Juan Perón the only time by Virgilio Filippo. [199]
	Maria Tecla Montessori [lower-alpha 43]	31 August 1870 Chiaravalle, Ancona, Italy	6 May 1952 Noordwijk, South Holland, Netherlands	1949, 1950, 1951	[200]
1951
	Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands [lower-alpha 44]	31 August 1880 Noordeinde Palace, South Holland, Netherlands	28 November 1962 Paleis Het Loo, Apeldoorn, Netherlands	1951	[201]
1952
	Ada Barbara Waylen [lower-alpha 45]	1906 Oxford, United Kingdom	1980 ?	1952	Nominated the only time by Norman Bentwich. [202]
	Elisabeth Friederike Rotten [lower-alpha 46]	15 February 1882 Berlin, Germany	2 May 1964 London, United Kingdom	1952, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961	[203]
1953
	Margaret Higgins Sanger [lower-alpha 47]	14 September 1879 Corning, New York, United States	6 September 1966 Tucson, Arizona, United States	1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1963	[204]
1954
	Helen Adams Keller [lower-alpha 48]	27 June 1880 Tuscumbia, Alabama, United States	1 June 1968 Easton, Connecticut, United States	1954, 1958	[205]
1955
	Gertrud Baer [lower-alpha 49]	25 November 1890 Halberstadt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany	15 December 1981 Geneva, Switzerland	1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959	[206]
1959
	Olave St. Clair Baden-Powell [lower-alpha 50]	22 February 1889 Chesterfield, England, United Kingdom	25 June 1977 Bramley, England, United Kingdom	1959	[207]
1961
	Marie-Elisabeth Lüders [lower-alpha 51]	25 June 1878 Berlin, Germany	23 March 1966 Berlin, Germany	1961	Nominated the only time by Erich Mende. [208]
	Lotta Hitschmanova [lower-alpha 52]	28 November 1909 Prague, Czechia	1 August 1990 Ottawa, Canada	1961, 1962	Nominated by Arthur Ryan Smith each time. [209]
	Gertrud Kurz-Hohl [lower-alpha 53]	15 March 1890 Lutzenberg, Switzerland	26 June 1972 Lutzenberg, Switzerland	1961, 1962	[210]
	Giulia Scappino Murena [lower-alpha 54]	1902 Italy	1970s (or prob. 1967) Riccione, Rimini, Italy	1961, 1962	Nominated by Udo Redano each time and for the Nobel Prize in Literature too. [114]
1962
	Maude Miner Hadden [lower-alpha 55]	29 June 1880 Leyden, Massachusetts, United States	14 April 1967 Palm Beach, Florida, United States	1962	Nominated the only time by Åke Sandler. [211]
1963
	Catherine Devilliers (LEBLANC, Marie - Catherine) [lower-alpha 56]	30 December 1923 Montpellier, Hérault, France	—	1963	[212]
	Stella Monk [lower-alpha 57]	—	—	1963	Nominated the only time by Mohammed Sanusi Mustapha. [213]
1967
	Margaret Susan Cheshire [lower-alpha 58]	3 July 1924 Leeds, England, United Kingdom	2 November 2000 Bury St Edmunds, England, United Kingdom	1967, 1968	[214]
1969
	Kaoru Hatoyama [lower-alpha 59]	21 November 1888 Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan	15 August 1982 Tokyo, Japan	1969	[215]
1970
	Alva Reimer-Myrdal [lower-alpha 60]	31 January 1902 Uppsala, Sweden	1 February 1986 Stockholm, Sweden	1970	Awarded the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize with Alfonso García Robles. [216]
	Britta Holmström [lower-alpha 61]	8 April 1911 Jönköping, Sweden	4 October 1992 Lund, Sweden	1970	[217]
1971
	Louise Weiss	25 January 1893 Arras, Pas-de-Calais, France	26 May 1983 Paris, France	1971	[218]
1972 [219]
	Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu, M.C.	26 August 1910 Skopje, North Macedonia	5 September 1997 Kolkata, West Bengal, India	1972	Awarded the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize.
	Isabelle Grant	3 July 1896 Lossiemouth, Moray, United Kingdom	1 June 1977 London, United Kingdom	1972	Nominated the only time by Harold T. Johnson. [219]
	Elise Ottesen-Jensen	2 January 1886 Høyland, Norway	4 September 1973 Stockholm, Sweden	1972	[219]
	Annie Skau Berntsen	29 May 1911 Oslo, Norway	26 November 1992 Horten, Norway	1972	Nominated the only time by Henrik Bahr. [219]
	Helen Suzman	7 November 1917 Germiston, Transvaal, South Africa	1 January 2009 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	1972	Nominated the only time by Richard Luyt. [219]
1973 [219]
	Pearl Sydenstricker Buck	June 26, 1892 Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States	March 6, 1973 Danby, Vermont, United States	1973	Awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature. [88] [219]
	Indira Gandhi	19 November 1917 Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India	31 October 1984 New Delhi, India	1973	Nominated the only time by Buddha Priya Maurya. [219]
	Jeannette Rankin [lower-alpha 1]	11 June 1880 Missoula, Montana, United States	18 May 1973 Carmel, California, United States	1973	Nominated the only time by Mike Mansfield. [219]
1974
will be revealed in 2025
Others [lower-alpha 4]
1976
	Betty Williams	22 May 1943 Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom	17 March 2020 Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom	1976, 1977	Awarded the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize in 1977. [220]
	Mairead Maguire	27 January 1944 Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom	—
1978
	Dorothy Day	8 November 1897 Brooklyn Heights, New York, United States	29 November 1980 Manhattan, New York, United States	1978, 1979	[221]
	Imelda Romualdez-Marcos	2 July 1929 in San Miguel, Manila, Philippines	—	1978	[222] [223]
1979
	Doris Twitchell Allen	8 October 1901 Old Town, Maine, United States	7 March 2002 Sterling, Virginia, United States	1979	[224]
	Hildegard Goss-Mayr	22 January 1930 Vienna, Austria	—	1979, 1987, 2005 [lower-alpha 62]	[225]
1981
	Geraldyn "Jerrie" Cobb	5 March 1931 Norman, Oklahoma, United States	18 March 2019 Cape Canaveral, Florida, United States	1981	[226]
1984
	Patricia Montandon	26 December 1928 Merkel, Texas, United States	—	1984, 1985, 1986	[227]
1987
	Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino	25 January 1933 in Paniqui, Tarlac, Philippines	1 August 2009 in Makati, Philippines	1987	[228] [229]
1988
	Emmanuelle Cinquin, N.D.S.	16 November 1908 Brussels, Belgium	20 October 2008 Callian, Var, France	1988	[230]
	Inga Thorsson	3 July 1915 in Malmö, Sweden	15 January 1994 in Stockholm, Sweden	1988	[231]
	Scilla Elworthy	3 June 1943 Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom	—	1988, 1989, 1991	[232]
	Dulce de Souza Pontes, S.M.I.C.	26 May 1914 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil	13 March 1992 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil	1988, 1992	[233] [234]
1989
	Aung San Suu Kyi	19 June 1945 Yangon, Myanmar	—	1989, 1990, 1991	Awarded the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize. [235]
1990
	Anne, Princess Royal	15 August 1950 London, United Kingdom	—	1990	[236]
	Elise M. Boulding	6 July 1920 in Oslo, Norway	24 June 2010 in Needham, Massachusetts, United States	1990, 2005 [lower-alpha 62]	[231]
1992
	Rigoberta Menchú	9 January 1959 Laj Chimel, Uspantán, El Quiché, Guatemala	—	1992	Awarded the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize. [237] [238]
	Elisa Molina de Stahl	24 March 1918 Quetzaltenango, Guatemala	3 November 1996 Guatemala City, Guatemala	1992	[237]
	Shulamit Katznelson	17 August 1919 Geneva, Switzerland	6 August 1999 Netanya, Israel	1992, 1993	[239]
1997
	Jody Williams	9 October 1950 Rutland, Vermont, United States	—	1997	Awarded the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize with the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICPBL).
1999
	Helen Prejean, C.S.J.	21 April 1939 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States	—	1999	[231] [240]
	Catherine Hamlin	24 January 1924 Sydney, Australia	18 March 2020 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	1999, 2014	[241]
2000
	Kathy Kelly	10 December 1972 in Chicago, Illinois, United States	—	2000	[231]
2002
	Maria Pearson	12 July 1932 Springfield, South Dakota, United States	23 May 2003 Ames, Iowa, United States	2002	[242]
2003
	Shirin Ebadi	21 June 1947 Hamadan, Iran	—	2003	Awarded the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize.
	Lois Gibbs	25 June 1951 Grand Island, New York, United States	—	2003	[243]
	Irena Sendler	15 February 1910 Warsaw, Poland	12 May 2008 Warsaw, Poland	2003, 2007	[244]
2004
	Wangarĩ Maathai	1 April 1940 Tetu, Nyeri, Kenya	25 September 2011 Nairobi, Kenya	2004	Awarded the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize.
	Nelsa Curbelo	1 November 1941 Montevideo, Uruguay	—	2004, 2009	[245]
2005
	1000 PeaceWomen Across the Globe	a collective nomination of 1000 women from over 150 different countries for the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize.		2005	[246]
	Zilda Arns Neumann	25 August 1934 Forquilhinha, Santa Catarina, Brazil	12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti	2005 [lower-alpha 62] , 2006	[234]
	Meaza Ashenafi	25 July 1964 Asosa, Ethiopia	—	2005 [lower-alpha 62] , 2015	[247]
	Medea Benjamin	10 September 1952 Freeport, New York, United States	—	2005 [lower-alpha 62] , 2017	[248]
2006
	Rebiya Kadeer	15 November 1946 Altay City, Xinjiang, China	—	2006	[249]
2007
	Sheila Watt-Cloutier	2 December 1953 Kuujjuaq, Quebec, Canada	—	2007	[248] [250]
	Oprah Winfrey	29 January 1954 Kosciusko, Mississippi, United States	—	2007	[251]
2008
	Íngrid Betancourt	25 December 1961 Bogotá, Colombia	—	2008	[252]
	Inge Genefke	6 July 1938 Frederiksberg, Denmark	—	2008, 2009, 2011, 2013	[253] [254]
2009
	Piedad Córdoba	25 January 1955 Medellín, Colombia	20 January 2024 Medellín, Colombia	2009	[255] [256] [257]
	Sima Samar	3 February 1957 Jaghori, Afghanistan	—	2009, 2010, 2011	[258] [259]
	Hawa Abdi	17 May 1947 Mogadishu, Somalia	5 August 2020 Mogadishu, Somalia	2009, 2012	[260] [261]
2010
	Svetlana Gannushkina	6 March 1942 Moscow, Russia	—	2010, 2011, 2013, 2016	[262] [263]
2011
	Ellen Johnson Sirleaf	29 October 1938 Monrovia, Liberia	—	2011	Awarded jointly the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize.
	Leymah Gbowee	1 February 1972 Monrovia, Liberia	—	2011
	Tawakkol Karman	7 February 1979 Shara'b As Salam, Taiz, Yemen	—	2011
	Yulia Tymoshenko	27 November 1960 Dnipro, Ukraine	—	2011	[264]
2012
	Angie Zelter	5 June 1951 London, United Kingdom	—	2012	[265]
	Maggie Gobran	1949 Cairo, Egypt	—	2012, 2020, 2023	[266] [267] [268] [269]
2013
	Malala Yousafzai	12 July 1997 Mingora, Swat, Pakistan	—	2013, 2014	Awarded the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize with Kailash Satyarthi. [270] [271]
	Lyudmila Alexeyeva	20 July 1927 Yevpatoria, Ukraine	8 December 2018 Moscow, Russia	2013	[271] [272]
	Claudia Paz y Paz	7 June 1966 Guatemala City, Guatemala	—	2013	[271]
	Susana Trimarco	25 May 1954 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina	—	2013	[273]
2014
	Agnes Mariam de la Croix, O.Carm	1952 Beirut, Lebanon	—	2014	[274]
	Catherine Ashton	25 March 1956 Up Holland, West Lancashire, United Kingdom	—	2014	[275]
	Anne Merriman	1935 Liverpool, United Kingdom	—	2014	[276]
2015
	Kathryn Bolkovac	c. 1960 Ohio, United States	—	2015	[277]
	Evelin Lindner	13 May 1954 Hameln, Lower Saxony, Germany	—	2015, 2016, 2017	[278]
	Aminetou Mint El-Moctar	13 December 1956 Nouakchott, Mauritania	—	2015	[279]
	Leyla Yunus	21 December 1955 Baku, Azerbaijan	—	2015	[280]
2016
	Nadia Murad	10 March 1993 Kocho, Iraq	—	2016, 2017, 2018	Awarded the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize with Denis Mukwege. [281]
	Luz Marina Bernal	1960 Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colomboa	—	2016	[282]
	Emilia Kamvysi	c. 1930 Lesbos, Greece	12 March 2023 Lesbos, Greece	2016	[283] [284]
	Angela Merkel	17 July 1954 Hamburg, Germany	—	2016	[285]
	Susan Sarandon	4 October 1946 Jackson Heights, New York, United States	—	2016	[286]
2017
	Maria da Penha	1 February 1945 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil	—	2017	[234] [287]
	Marianne Stöger	24 April 1934 Matrei am Brenner, Tyrol, Austria	—	2017, 2020	[288] [289]
	Margaritha Pissarek	1935 Austria	—
2018
	Anna Alboth	1984 Warsaw, Poland	—	2018	[290]
	Lidija Doroņina-Lasmane	28 July 1925 Ulmale, Aizpute, Latvia	—	2018	[291]
	Jaha Dukureh	1989 Gambia	—	2018	[292]
	Agnes Chow Ting	3 December 1996 Hong Kong	—	2018, 2019	[293]
	Nataša Kandić	16 December 1946 Belgrade, Serbia	—	2018, 2022	[294] [295]
2019
	Ilwad Elman	22 December 1989 Mogadishu, Somalia	—	2019	[296] [297]
	Amanda Nguyen	10 October 1991 Corona, California, United States	—	2019	[298]
	Yvonne Ridley	23 April 1958 Stanley, Durham, United Kingdom	—	2019	[299]
	Hajer Sharief	1994 Libya	—	2019	[297]
	Sevgül Uludağ	15 October 1958 Nicosia, Cyprus	—	2019	[300]
	Loujain al-Hathloul	31 July 1989 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia	—	2019, 2020	[301] [302]
	Jacinda Ardern	26 July 1980 Hamilton, New Zealand	—	2019, 2020	[303] [304] [305]
	Greta Thunberg	3 January 2003 Stockholm, Sweden	—	2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023	[306] [307] [308] [309]
2020
	Leila de Lima	27 August 1959 Iriga, Camarines Sur, Philippines	—	2020	[310]
2021
	Maria Ressa	2 October 1963 Manila, Philippines	—	2021	Awarded the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize with Dmitry Muratov. [311] [312]
	Stacey Abrams	9 December 1973 Madison, Wisconsin, United States	—	2021	[313] [314]
	Zineb El Rhazoui	19 January 1982 Casablanca, Morocco	—	2021	[315]
	Aminatou Haidar	24 July 1966 Akka, Morocco	—	2021	[316] [317]
	Jane Goodall	3 April 1934 Hampstead, London, United Kingdom	—	2021	[311] [312]
	Veronika Tsepkalo	7 September 1976 Mogilev, Belarus	—	2021	[311] [312] [318]
	Maria Kalesnikava	24 April 1982 Minsk, Belarus	—	2021	[311] [312] [318]
	Juliana Taimoorazy	23 April 1973 Tehran, Iran	—	2021	[319]
	Marilyn Waring	7 October 1952 Ngaruawahia, New Zealand	—	2021	[311] [312]
	Alexandra Wong Fung-yiu	16 May 1956 Sham Shui Po, Hong Kong	—	2021	[320] [321]
	Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya	11 September 1982 Mikashevichy, Belarus	—	2021, 2022	[311] [312] [318] [322]
2022
	Maria Elena Bottazzi	1966 Genoa, Italy	—	2022	[323] [324]
	Dee Dawkins-Haigler	31 January 1970 Lithonia, Georgia, United States	—	2022	[325]
	Opal Lee	7 October 1926 Marshall, Texas, United States	—	2022	[326]
	Miriam Were	12 April 1940 Kakamega, Western Province, Kenya	—	2022	[327]
	Masih Alinejad	11 September 1976 Qomi Kola, Iran	—	2022, 2023	[328] [329]
	Gwyneth Ho Kwai-lam	24 August 1990 Hong Kong	—	2022, 2023	[330] [331]
	Chow Hang-tung	24 January 1985 Hong Kong	—	2022, 2023, 2024	[330] [331] [332]
2023
	Narges Mohammadi	21 April 1972 Zanjan, Iran	—	2023	Awarded the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize. [333]
	Vanessa Nakate	15 November 1996 Kampala, Uganda	—	2023	[309] [334]
	Mahbouba Seraj	1948 Kabul, Afghanistan	—	2023	[335]
	Jani Silva	c. 1968 Colombia	—	2023	[336] [337]
	Victoria Tauli-Corpuz	19 October 1952 Besao, Mt. Province, Philippines	—	2023	[338] [339]
2024
	Yasmina Cánovas	El Vendrell, Spain	—	2024	[340] [341]
	Heidi Kühn	1958 United States	—	2024	[342]

Economic Sciences

From 1969 to 1971, 3 women have been nominated for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences but none of them were subsequently awarded.

• 1969;
• 1971;
• 1972;
• 1973;
• Others;

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1969
	Anna Schwartz	11 November 1915 The Bronx, New York, United States	21 June 2012 Manhattan, New York, United States	1969, 1971	Nominated by Bertil Gotthard Ohlin each time. [343]
	Joan Robinson	31 October 1903 Surrey, United Kingdom	5 August 1983 Cambridge, United Kingdom	1969, 1970, 1971	[343]
1971
	Barbara Bergmann	20 July 1927 The Bronx, New York, United States	5 April 2015 Bethesda, Maryland, United States	1971	[343]
1972
should be revealed in 2023
1973
will be revealed in 2024
Others [lower-alpha 4]
2009
	Elinor Ostrom	7 August 1933 Los Angeles, California, United States	12 June 2012 Bloomington, Indiana, United States	2009	Awarded the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Oliver E. Williamson.
2019
	Esther Duflo	25 October 1972 Paris, France	—	2019	Awarded the 2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Abhijit Banerjee and Michael Kremer.
2023
	Claudia Goldin	14 May 1946 New York City, New York, United States	—	2023	Awarded the 2023 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Motivations

1. Died before the only chance to be rewarded.
2. "Nomination 20866 to J.Bell has been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences."
3. “Data of Jocelyn Bell (id 15505) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
4. The following nominations, though verified and features their respective years, are yet still to be organized as they may have been nominated in earlier years.
5. "for the discovery of preventative of heart failure."
6. Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee, as A. S. Helton had not been invited to make a nomination for the Prize of 1912. ^[7]
7. "Work on the architectonics of the cerebral cortex, cortex localization and on the function of corpus striatum"
8. "Work on cancer"
9. "Work on the etiology, prevention and cure of scarlet fever"
10. "Studies on the functional relations of calcium and the Parathyroids in normal and deranged metabolism of man"
11. "Work on the relation of dietary deficiencies to human diseases. (Dental structure and dental disease.)"
12. "Work on the use of nicotinic acid in the pellagra therapy"
13. "Investigation of a possible hormonal cause of toxemia of pregnancy"
14. No Nobel Prize has been awarded this year.
15. In 1941, the Nobel Prize Committee purportedly presented Valikhan to the Nobel Prize in Medicine for outstanding achievements in the development of ophthalmology and the fight against trachoma, but because of the start of the World War II, the annual Nobel Prize was suspended. ^[46]
16. "Enzymatic synthesis of glycogen and starch, effect of the anterior pituitary extract and of insulin on the hexokinase reaction"
17. "The chemistry of muscle; discovery of the enzymatic properties of myosin"
18. "The surgical treatment of malformations of the heart"
19. "Fertilization and cell division of human ova in vitro"
20. "The inheritance of deafness and the proband method of analysis of human pedigree for inheritance of recessive traits"
21. "Suttner was the author of the novel Die Waffen nieder! ("Lay Down Your Arms!"), the most important antiwar novel of the period. She was the founder and president of the Austrian Peace Society (1891), and she contributed to the foundation of the Permanent International Peace Bureau (1891). Suttner was nominated for her contribution to the international peace movement."
22. "Lockwood attended several international peace conferences. She supported Bajer in his work to found the Permanent International Peace Bureau, and she founded a branch of the Bureau in Washington. She was for a long time associated with the Universal Peace Union in Philadelphia and an ardent promoter of arbitration."
23. "Peckover founded the Wisbech Local Peace Association. She was editor and publisher of the journal Peace and Goodwill and supported peace work in and outside of Great Britain, especially in the Nordic countries."
24. "Author of the book De la paix, du desarmement, et de la solution du probleme social."
25. "Nominated for her efforts to end the conflict between Argentina and Chile."
26. "Lucia Mead rendered Edwin Mead great assistance in his peace work both through speeches and writings, and she attended most of the conferences and congresses her husband participated in. She was also a peace worker in her own right. President of the peace and arbitration department of the National Women Suffrage Association, vice-president of the American Peace Society and member of the Council of the World Peace Foundation."
27. "Addams was the co-founder and president of the Women's Peace Party (1915). In 1915 she attended the Women's Peace Conference at The Hague, and she was elected president of the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace. After the conference Addams and several of the delegates went on a peace mission to the European political leaders and to the American president. Addams was elected president of the newly formed Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) at the second Women's Peace Conference in 1919. She presided over the 4th regular peace conference held by the WILPF in Washington in 1924. It adopted a manifesto stating that civilization can only be rebuilt on international justice, renouncing the Treaty of Versailles. It furthermore demanded democratic control over foreign policy, social peace and a stronger international organization."
28. "Schwimmer initiated the Ford Neutral Conference in 1915, and she was one of the founding members of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1919). She started peace missions to both neutral and belligerent countries (adopted by the peace conference). She committed the last part of her life to the movement to create a federal world government."
29. "Mary Shapard was nominated for her World War I-era recommendation that a nonpartisan "league of nations" be established by world leaders to reduce the likelihood of future armed conflicts between countries engaged in international disputes."
30. "Brändström worked as delegate, advisor and co-organizer for the Swedish Red Cross. She traveled extensively throughout Russia and contributed greatly to the relief work for prisoners of war in Russia and Siberia (1914-1920). She visited prison camps, escorted prisoners home, and she organized the repatriation of German and Austrian prisoners after the war."
31. "Besant was actively involved in educational and humanitarian work in India. She established the Indian Home Rule League in 1916, and she was elected leader of the Indian nationalist congress in 1917. The nominator stressed her efforts to solve the Indian "problem", and thereby secure world peace by uniting East and West. Besant was the international president of the Theosophical Society (1907-1933)."
32. "Lady Aberdeen advocated peace and understanding through her work as president of the International Council of Women."
33. "Princess Djabadary had written the libretto to an opera that carried a peaceful message. The opera was composed by her husband."
34. "Michael had initiated the use of a poppy as a symbol of remembrance and hope in the aftermath of World War I. It was adopted as the National Emblem in commemoration of American soldiers who perished in France, and in 1920 the American Legion adopted the poppy as the National American Legion Memorial Flower."
35. "Irma Schweitzer was the author of the book Sur le chemin de la Paix, which the nominator considered to be eminently suitable for teaching."
36. "Szold had established a home in Palestine for Jewish people, and after 1933 she helped numerous German Jews to a new life in Palestine."
37. "Catt was president of the International Female Suffrage Alliance. She initiated the Women's Peace Party in Washington in 1915, and she was one of the delegates to the International Women's Peace Congress at The Hague in 1915. Catt was chairman of the Committee on the Cause and Cure of War 1925-1932. She worked to create greater understanding between persons from different countries."
38. "Balch had actively worked for peace since 1915, and she had been one of the leaders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom since 1919. She promoted disarmament, and she opposed US isolationism and neutrality, claiming that neutrality was selfish. Balch strongly advocated the need to resist fascism and aggression through non-violent methods and international co-operation. She also established summer schools to promote peace. During the 1930s she aided Jewish refugees fleeing persecution in Nazi Germany. Initially she opposed WWII because she opposed all war in general, but she supported US entry into the war in 1941. Balch saw Nazism as the personification of evil and a threat to humanity that had to be stopped."
39. "Kollontai was nominated for her diplomatic efforts to end war and hostilities between the Soviet Union and Finland during the negotiations in 1940-44, and for her work for the benefit of the Nordic countries."
40. "Roosevelt was nominated for her work to further understanding between people of different races and between people from different nations, especially while serving as Chairman of the UN Commission on Human Rights."
41. "Glasier was nominated for her humanitarian work in England and elsewhere."
42. "Evita Perón was nominated for her humanitarian efforts in Argentina particularly on promoting labor rights, championing women's suffrage, eliminating poverty and establishing charities to the working-class Argentines."
43. "Montessori furthered international understanding through her educational work."
44. "Queen Wilhelmina was nominated for her involvement in the summoning of the two peace conferences at The Hague in 1897 and 1907. She was also nominated for her philanthropic effort during World War I, her strong opposition to Nazism and her contribution to the liberation of colonial areas."
45. "Nominated for her book Creators of the modern Spirit."
46. "For her work for reconciliation and work in Pestalozzi Children Village in Switzerland."
47. "Margaret Sanger was nominated for her outstanding ability to see the serious consequences of uncontrolled increase of population."
48. "Nominated for the international importance of her work for deaf and blind people, and for showing the stimulating effect of The International Brotherhood Idea."
49. "Gertrude Baer was nominated for her able and devoted service to the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom."
50. "Lady Baden-Powell was nominated for her international contribution as a founder of the Scout movement for girls."
51. "Marie Elisabeth Lüders was nominated for her work with understanding between peoples."
52. "Lotta Hitchmanova was nominated for her opposition to the Nazi regime during the second world war, her work with refugees, and organizing the small beginnings of the Unitarian Service Committee."
53. "Gertrud Kurz-Hohl was nominated for her consistent work for refugees, and initiating the Austrian Peace Service, one of three branches within the organization Austrian Service Abroad. She has tirelessly worked for peace through reconciliation and understanding between the people of the World."
54. "Giulia Scappino Murena was nominated in the hope that her voice, singing about human brotherhood, will become a sign of harmony for the divided humanity."
55. "Mrs. Alexander Hadden was nominated for her co-founding of the Institute of World Affairs."
56. "Catherine Devilliers was nominated for her book Lieutanant Katia describing events under the Second World War."
57. "Stella Monk was nominated because of her achievements as director of the Commonwealth Friendship Movement. Her dedication to creating friendship, mutual understanding, and respect among people in the Commonwealth has contributed to unity and friendly co-operation between the nations of the World."
58. "Susan Ryder was nominated for her personal dedication and inspiring example and leadership to encourage the forces of mercy and compassion against those of brutality and aggression, leading to war."
59. "Kaoru Hatoyama was nominated for her contribution to the reopening of diplomatic relations between Japan and the U.S.S.R., and Japan's entry into the United Nations, for her contribution to the Yuai (fraternity) movement and for her achievements as an educator."
60. "Alva Myrdal was nominated for her many services to the international community and their promotion of international understanding."
61. "Britta Holmström was nominated for her pioneering work with refugees, initiating Praghjälpen (Prague Aid) and contributing greatly to the possibility of world peace."
62. "As part of the 1000 PeaceWomen Across the Globe

See also

• List of Nobel laureates
• List of female Nobel laureates
• List of women writers
• List of women's rights activists
• List of female scientists in the 20th century
• Matilda effect

References

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52. "Nomination Archive – Elizabeth Bugie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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59. "Nomination Archive – Selma Lagerlöf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
60. "Nomination Archive – Émilie Lerou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
61. "Nomination Archive – Eliza Orzeszkowa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
62. "Nomination Archive – Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
63. "Nomination Archive – Molly Seawell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
64. "Nomination Archive – Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
65. "Nomination Archive – Grazia Deledda Madesani". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
66. "Nomination Archive – Dora Melegari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
67. "Nomination Archive – Singrid Undset". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
68. "Nomination Archive – Matilde Serao". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
69. "Nomination Archive – Sofia Casanova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
70. "Nomination Archive – Ada Negri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
71. "Nomination Archive – Concha Espina de la Serna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
72. "Nomination Archive – Edith Wharton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
73. "Nomination Archive – Anna Elisabeth Mathieu de Noailles". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
74. "Nomination Archive – Edith Howes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
75. "Nomination Archive – Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
76. "Nomination Archive – Ricarda Huch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
77. "Nomination Archive – Clotilde de Arvelo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
78. "Nomination Archive – Laura Mestre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
79. "Nomination Archive – Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
80. "Nomination Archive – Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
81. "Nomination Archive – Violet Clifton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
82. "Nomination Archive - Elise Richter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
83. "Nomination Archive – Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
84. "Nomination Archive – Cecile Tormay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
85. "Nomination Archive – Maria Jotuni". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
86. "Nomination Archive – Sally Salminen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
87. "Nomination Archive – Maila Talvio". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
88. "Nomination Archive – Pearl Buck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
89. "Nomination Archive – Margaret Mitchell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
90. "Nomination Archive – Henriette Charasson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
91. "Nomination Archive – Henry Handel Richardson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
92. "Nomination Archive – Henriette Roland Holst van der Schalk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
93. "Nomination Archive – Maria Dabrowksa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
94. "Nomination Archive – Gabriela Mistral". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
95. "Nomination Archive – Ruth Young". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
96. "Nomination Archive – Elisabet Bagriana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
97. "Nomination Archive – Marie Under". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
98. "Nomination Archive – Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
99. "Nomination Archive – Dorothy Fisher". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
100. "Nomination Archive – Karen Blixen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
101. "Nomination Archive – Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020. "Nomination Archive – Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
102. "Nomination Archive – Maria Enriqueta Camarillo y Roa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
103. "Nomination Archive – Katharine Susannah Prichard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
104. "Nomination Archive – Edith Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
105. "Nomination Archive – Melpo Axioti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
106. "Nomination Archive – Marthe Bibesco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
107. "Nomination Archive – Elisabeth Goudge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
108. "Nomination Archive – Elizabeth Bowen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
109. "Nomination Archive – Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
110. "Nomination Archive – Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
111. "Nomination Archive - Anna Seghers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
112. "Nomination Archive – Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
113. "Nomination Archive – Cora Sandel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
114. "Nomination Archive – Giulia Scappino Mureno". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
115. "Nomination Archive – Simone de Beauvoir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
116. "Nomination Archive – Nelly Sachs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
117. "Nomination Archive – Ingeborg Bachmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
118. "Nomination Archive – Kate Roberts". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
119. "Nomination Archive – Ina Seidel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
120. "Nomination Archive – Judith Wright". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
121. "Nomination Archive – Katherine Anne Porter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
122. "Nomination Archive – Marguerite Yourcenar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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External links

• Alan Asaid (26 September 2009). "Så ratade Akademien kvinnorna" [How the Academy Rejected the Women]. SvD (in Swedish).