List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Lise Meitner, the second woman to be nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Swedish : Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists who have made outstanding contributions in chemistry. ^[1] It is one of the five Nobel Prizes which were established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. ^[2]

Every year, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences sends out forms, which amount to a personal and exclusive invitation, to about three thousand selected individuals to invite them to submit nominations. The names of the nominees are never publicly announced, and neither are they told that they have been considered for the Prize. Nomination records are strictly sealed for fifty years. Currently, the nominations for the years 1901 to 1970 are publicly available. Despite the annual sending of invitations, the prize was not awarded in eight years (1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940–42) and have been delayed for a year nine times (1914, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1925, 1927, 1938, 1943, 1944).

From 1901 to 1970, there have been 641 scientists nominated for the prize, 79 of which were awarded either jointly or individually. 18 more scientists from these nominees were awarded after 1970 and Frederick Sanger was awarded second time on 1980. Of only 15 women nominees, three were awarded. The first woman to be nominated was Marie Skłodowska Curie. She was nominated on 1911 by Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius and French mathematician Gaston Darboux and eventually won the prize on the same year. She is the only woman to win twice the Nobel Prize: Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911). ^[3] Besides 27 and 13 scientists from these nominees won the prizes in Physiology or Medicine and in Physics (including one woman more) correspondingly (including years after 1970). Only one company has been nominated, the Geigy SA for the year 1947.

Despite the long list of nominated noteworthy chemists, physicists and engineers, there have been still some other great scientists who were overlooked for the prize in chemistry such as Per Teodor Cleve, Jannik Petersen Bjerrum, Ellen Swallow Richards, Alice Ball, Vladimir Palladin, Sergey Reformatsky, Prafulla Chandra Ray, Alexey Favorsky, Rosalind Franklin and Joseph Edward Mayer.

Nominees by their first nomination

1901–1909

• 1901
• 1902
• 1903
• 1904
• 1905
• 1906
• 1907
• 1908
• 1909

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years nominated	Notes
1901
	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff	August 30, 1852 Rotterdam, Netherlands	March 1, 1911 Berlin, Germany	1901	Won the 1901 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 1] [4]
	Emil Fischer	October 9, 1852 Euskirchen, Germany	July 15, 1919 Berlin, Germany	1901, 1902, 1903, [lower-alpha 2] 1905, [lower-alpha 2] 1916, 1919	Won the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 3] [5] , later nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 4] [6]
	Svante Arrhenius	February 19, 1859 Uppsala, Sweden	October 2, 1927 Stockholm, Sweden	1901, 1902, 1903	Won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 5] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics and in Physiology or Medicine too [7]
	Henri Moissan	September 28, 1852 Paris, France	February 20, 1907 Paris, France	1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 [lower-alpha 2]	Won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 6] [8]
	Zdenko Hans Skraup	March 3, 1850 Prague, Czech Republic	September 10, 1910 Vienna, Austria	1901	Nominated the only time by Eduard Lippmann (1838–1919) from Wien Technische Hochschule. [9]
	Marcellin Berthelot	October 25, 1827 Paris, France	March 18, 1907 Paris, France	1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1907	[10]
	William Jackson Pope	March 31, 1870 London, England	October 17, 1939 Cambridge, England	1901, 1907, 1915 [lower-alpha 2] , 1916 [lower-alpha 2] , 1927, 1932 [lower-alpha 2]	[11]
1902
	William Ramsay	October 2, 1852 Glasgow, Scotland	July 23, 1916 High Wycombe, England	1902, 1903, 1904	Won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 7] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [12]
	Adolf von Baeyer	October 31, 1835 Berlin, Germany	August 20, 1917 Starnberg, Germany	1902, 1903, 1904, 1905	Won the 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 8] [13]
	Theodore William Richards	January 31, 1868 Germantown, Philadelphia, United States	April 2, 1928 Cambridge,_Massachusetts, United States	1902, 1905, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916 [lower-alpha 2]	Won the 1914 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1915 [lower-alpha 9] [14]
	Oliver Wolcott Gibbs	February 21, 1822 New York City, United States	December 9, 1908 Portsmouth, Rhode Island, United States	1902	Nominated the only time by Ch.Edw.Munroe. [15]
	Rudolf Knietsch	December 13, 1854 Opole, Poland	May 28, 1906 Ludwigshafen, Germany	1902	Nominated the only time by P.Klason. [16]
	Johannes Wislicenus	June 24, 1835 Querfurt, Germany	December 5, 1902 Leipzig, Germany	1902	Nominated the only time by Zd.H.Skraup. [17] Died before the only chance to be rewarded.
	Edward Williams Morley	January 29, 1838 Newark, New Jersey, United States	February 24, 1923 West Hartford, Connecticut, United States	1902, 1908, 1909, [lower-alpha 2] 1910	[18]
	Armand Gautier	September 23, 1837 Narbonne, France	July 27, 1920 Cannes, France	1902, 1914, [lower-alpha 2] 1915, [lower-alpha 2] 1916	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 10] [19] [20]
1903
	Harmon Northrop Morse	October 15, 1848 Cambridge, Vermont, United States	September 8, 1920 Chebeague Island, Maine, United States	1903, 1910	Nominated by Harry Clary Jones (1865–1916) from Johns Hopkins University only. [21]
1904
	Wilhelm Ostwald	September 2, 1853 Riga, Latvia	April 4, 1932 Grimma, Germany	1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910 [lower-alpha 2]	Won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 11] . [22]
1905
	Eduard Buchner	May 20, 1860 Munich, Germany	August 13, 1917 Focșani, Romania	1905, 1907	Won the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 12] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 13] [23]
	Dmitri Mendeleev	February 8, 1834 Tobolsk, Russia	February 2, 1907 Saint Petersburg, Russia	1905, 1906, 1907	[24]
	Giacomo Ciamician	August 27, 1857 Trieste, Italy	January 2, 1922 Bologna, Italy	1905, 1907, 1908, 1911, 1912, 1914, 1916, 1919, 1921	[25]
	Henry Louis Le Chatelier	October 8, 1850 Paris, France	September 17, 1936 Miribel-les-Échelles, France	1905, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1914, 1915, 1916, [lower-alpha 2] 1918, [lower-alpha 2] 1919, [lower-alpha 2] 1920, 1921, 1922, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1935 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [26]
1906
	Walther Nernst	June 25, 1864 Gmina Wąbrzeźno, Poland	November 18, 1941 Niwica, Poland	1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, [lower-alpha 2] 1919, [lower-alpha 2] 1920, 1921, 1922 [lower-alpha 2]	Won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 14] in 1921 and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [27]
	Victor Grignard	May 6, 1871 Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, France	December 13, 1935 Lyon, France	1906, 1909, 1910, 1912, 1928	[lower-alpha 15] [28] Shared the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 16] [29]
1907
	Paul Sabatier	November 5, 1854 Carcassonne, France	August 14, 1914 Toulouse, France	1907, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1928, 1929
	Ernest Rutherford	August 30, 1871 Brightwater, New Zealand	October 19, 1937 Cambridge, England	1907, 1908, 1923 [lower-alpha 2]	Won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 17] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [30]
	Otto Wallach	March 27, 1847 Königsberg, Prussia	February 26, 1931 Göttingen, Germany	1907, 1908, 1910	Won the 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 18] . [31]
	Alfred Werner	December 12, 1866 Mulhouse, France	November 15, 1919 Zürich, Switzerland	1907, 1908, 1911, 1912, 1913	Won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 19] . [32]
	Stanislao Cannizzaro	July 13, 1826 Palermo, Italy	May 10, 1910 Rome, Italy	1907	[33]
	Sophus Mads Jørgensen	July 4, 1837 Slagelse, Denmark	April 1, 1914 Copenhagen, Denmark	1907	[34]
	Fredrik Adolf Kjellin	April 24, 1872 Södertälje, Sweden	December 30, 1910 Stockholm, Sweden	1907	Nominated the only time by Otto Pettersson. [35]
	William Crookes	June 17, 1832 London, England	April 4, 1919 London, England	1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1918 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [36]
	Samuel Eyde	October 29, 1866 Arendal, Norway	June 21, 1940 Åsgårdstrand, Norway	1907, 1909, 1913	Nominated jointly with Kr.Birkeland only. [37]
	Kristian Birkeland	December 13, 1867 Oslo, Norway	June 15, 1917 Kanagawa, Japan	1907, 1909, 1912, 1913	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [38]
	Heinrich Caro	February 13, 1834 Poznań, Poland	September 11, 1910 Dresden, Germany	1907, 1910	Nominated jointly with Ad.Frank only. [39]
	Adolph Frank	January 20, 1834 Klötze, Germany	May 30, 1916 Berlin, Germany	1907, 1909, [lower-alpha 2] 1910, 1916	[40]
	Theodor Curtius	May 27, 1857 Duisburg, Germany	February 8, 1928 Heidelberg, Germany	1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1912, [lower-alpha 2] 1913, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924	[41]
	Albin Haller	March 7, 1849 Fellering, France	April 29, 1925 Paris, France	1907, 1911, [lower-alpha 2] 1912, 1913, [lower-alpha 2] 1914, [lower-alpha 2] 1915, [lower-alpha 2] 1916, 1918, [lower-alpha 2] 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925	[42]
1908
	Richard Willstätter	August 13, 1872 Karlsruhe, Germany	August 3, 1942 Muralto, Switzerland	1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916 [lower-alpha 2]	Won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 20] . [43]
	Frederick Soddy	September 2, 1877 Eastbourne, England	September 22, 1956 Brighton, England	1908, 1918, 1919, 1922	Won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 21] in 1922 and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [44]
	Albrecht Kossel	September 16, 1853 Rostock, Germany	July 5, 1927 Heidelberg, Germany	1908	Won the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. [45]
	Gustaf de Laval	May 9, 1845 Orsa, Sweden	February 2, 1913 Stockholm, Sweden	1908	Nominated the only time by Otto Pettersson and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [46]
	Georg Lunge	September 15, 1839 Wrocław, Poland	January 3, 1923 Zürich, Switzerland	1908, 1909 [lower-alpha 2]	[47]
	Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch	March 7, 1857 Dresden, Germany	March 14, 1935 Dresden, Germany	1908, 1918, [lower-alpha 2] 1923, [lower-alpha 2] 1927	[48]
1909
	Edmund Oscar von Lippmann	January 9, 1857 Vienna, Austria	September 24, 1940 Halle (Saale), Germany	1909	Nominated the only time by Alexander Herzfeld (1854–1928) from Institut für Zuckerindustrie. [49]
	Ernst Schulze (chemist)	July 31, 1840 Bovenden, German Confederation	June 15, 1912 Zürich, Switzerland	1909 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated the only time by Ernst Winterstein
	Hans Heinrich Landolt	December 5, 1831 Zürich, Switzerland	March 15, 1910 Berlin, Germany	1909, 1910	[50]
	Otto Schönherr	December 1, 1861 Chemnitz, Germany	December 25, 1926 Dresden, Germany	1909, 1910, [lower-alpha 2] 1912	[51]
	Karl Engler	January 5, 1842 Weisweil, Germany	February 7, 1925 Karlsruhe, Germany	1909, 1910, 1911, 1916	[52]
	Jean-Baptiste Senderens	January 27, 1856 Barbachen, France	September 26, 1937 Barbachen, France	1909, 1928, 1929	Nominated jointly with P.Sabatier only. [53]
	Gabriel Bertrand	May 17, 1867 Paris, France	June 10, 1962 Paris, France	1909, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1942, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1957	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 22] [54] [55]

1910–1919

• 1910
• 1911
• 1912
• 1913
• 1914
• 1915
• 1916
• 1917
• 1918
• 1919

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years nominated	Notes
1910
	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes	September 21, 1853 Groningen, Netherlands	February 21, 1926 Leiden, Netherlands	1910, 1911	Won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physics. [56]
	James Dewar	September 20, 1842 Kincardine, Scotland	March 27, 1923 London, England	1903, [lower-alpha 2] 1908, [lower-alpha 2] 1910, 1911	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too [57]
	Carl Theodore Liebermann	February 23, 1842 Berlin, Germany	December 28, 1914 Berlin, Germany	1910	Nominated jointly with Otto Wallach the only time by B.Tollens. [58]
	Pierre-Émile Martin	August 18, 1824 Bourges, France	May 21, 1915 Fourchambault, France	1910	[59]
	Walther Spring	March 6, 1848 Liège, Belgium	July 17, 1911 Liège, Belgium	1910	Nominated the only time by Jean Léonard Krutwig (1857–1932) from University of Liège. [60]
1911
	Marie Curie	November 7, 1867 Warsaw, Poland	July 4, 1934 Sancellemoz, France	1911	First woman nominated and first woman to win the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 23] and Laureate of 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics too [61]
	Paul Ehrlich	March 14, 1854 Strzelin, Poland	August 20, 1915 Bad Homburg, Germany	1911	Shared the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Il.Il.Metchnikoff , [62] later nominated for "Work on chemotherapy." [63]
	Sahachiro Hata	March 23, 1873 Masuda, Japan	November 22, 1938 Tokyo, Japan		Nominated jointly with P.Ehrlich the only time by Em.Th.Kocher and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 24] [63] [64] First Asian nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
	William Henry Perkin Jr.	June 17, 1860 Wembley, England	September 17, 1929 Oxford, England	1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1922, [lower-alpha 2] 1925, 1929	[65]
	Angelo Angeli	August 20, 1864 Tarcento, Italy	May 31, 1931 Florence, Italy	1911, 1913, 1917, 1918, [lower-alpha 2] 1922, 1924, 1926, 1928, 1931	[66]
	Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann	June 9, 1861 Kingisepp, Russia	December 17, 1938 Göttingen, Germany	1911, 1915, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, [lower-alpha 2] 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, [lower-alpha 2] 1935, 1936, 1937	[67]
1912
	Fritz Haber	December 9, 1868 Wrocław, Poland	January 29, 1934 Basel, Switzerland	1911, [lower-alpha 2] 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1917, [lower-alpha 2] 1918, 1919, 1920 [lower-alpha 2]	Won the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 25] in 1919. [68]
	Hilaire de Chardonnet	May 1, 1839 Besançon, France	March 11, 1924 Paris, France	1912	Nominated the only time by H.Ost. [69]
	William Gilbert Mixter	1846 Dixon, Illinois, United States	1936	1912 [lower-alpha 2]	Self-nomination only
	Floris Osmond	March 10, 1849 Paris, France	June 18, 1912 Saint-Leu-Taverny, France	1912, [lower-alpha 2] 1913 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated by H.L.Le Chatelier only
	Philippe Barbier	March 2, 1848 Luzy, France	September 18, 1922 Bandol, France	1912, 1920, 1922	[70]
	Georges Urbain	April 12, 1872 Paris, France	November 5, 1938 Paris, France	1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, [lower-alpha 2] 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1939	[71]
1913
	Richard Adolf Zsigmondy	April 1, 1865 Vienna, Austria	September 23, 1929 Göttingen, Germany	1913, 1915, 1919, [lower-alpha 2] 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, [lower-alpha 2] 1926	Won the 1925 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 26] in 1926. [72]
	William Küster	September 23, 1863 Leipzig, Germany	March 5, 1929 Stuttgart, Germany	1913	[73] Jointly nominated only and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 27] [74] [75]
	Leon Marchlewski	December 15, 1869 Wloclawek, Poland	January 16, 1946 Kraków, Poland
	Karol Olszewski	January 29, 1846 Broniszów, Poland	March 24, 1915 Kraków, Poland	1913	Nominated the only time by K.Dziewoński and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [76]
	Theodor Zincke	May 19, 1843 Uelzen, Germany	March 17, 1928 Marburg, Germany	1913	Nominated the only time by G.Heller. [77]
	William Francis Hillebrand	December 12, 1853 Honolulu, Kingdom of Hawaii	February 7, 1925 United States	1913, [lower-alpha 2] 1914 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated by W.C.Böttger only
	Carl Harries	August 5, 1866 Luckenwalde, Germany	November 3, 1923 Berlin, Germany	1913, 1914, 1915, 1917	[78]
	Albert Recoura	January 20, 1862 Grenoble, France	December 21, 1945 Grenoble, France	1913, 1915, 1921, 1922, 1924	Nominated by H.L.Le Chatelier only. [79]
1914 - Prize has been awarded a year later
	Otto Hahn	March 8, 1879 Frankfurt, Germany	July 28, 1968 Göttingen, Germany	1914, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946	Won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 28] in 1945 and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [80]
	Ernst Schmidt	July 13, 1845 Halle, Germany	July 5, 1921 Marburg, Germany	1914	Nominated the only time by J.Gadamer. [81]
	Alexander Tschirch	October 17, 1856 Guben, Germany	December 2, 1939 Bern, Switzerland	1914, 1917, 1928	[82]
	Paul Walden	July 26, 1863 Rozula, Latvia	January 22, 1957 Gammertingen, Germany	1913, [lower-alpha 2] 1914, 1918, [lower-alpha 2] 1920, 1922, [lower-alpha 2] 1927, 1928, [lower-alpha 2] 1934, 1947, 1948, 1954	[83]
1915
	William Henry Bragg	July 2, 1862 Wigton, England	March 12, 1942 London, England	1915	Won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics. [84]
	Henry Moseley	November 23, 1887 Weymouth, England	August 10, 1915 Gallipoli, Turkey	1915	Nominated jointly with W.H.Bragg the only time by Sv.Arrhenius . Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [85] [86] Moseley has been killed before the only chance to be rewarded.
	Charles Galton Darwin	December 18, 1887 Cambridge, England	December 31, 1962 Cambridge, England
	Édouard Branly	November 23, 1844 Amiens, France	March 24, 1940 Paris, France	1915	Nominated the only time by H.L.Le Chatelier . Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [87]
	Eugen Herzfeld	February 23, 1865 Košice, Slovakia	October 1, 1944 Lugano, Switzerland [88]	1915	Nominated the only time by Em.Baur. [89]
	Emanuele Paternò	December 12, 1847 Palermo, Italy	January 17, 1925 Palermo, Italy	1915	Nominated the only time by Alb.Peratoner. [90]
	Emil Abderhalden	March 9, 1877 Oberuzwil, Switzerland	August 5, 1950 Zürich, Switzerland	1915, 1918, 1923 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 29] [91] [92]
	Jean Baptiste Perrin	September 30, 1870 Lille, France	April 17, 1942 New York City, United States	1915, 1919, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926	Won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physics. [93]
1916 - this year Prize was not awarded
	Theodor Svedberg	August 30, 1883 Valbo, Sweden	February 25, 1971 Kopparberg, Sweden	1910, [lower-alpha 2] 1911, [lower-alpha 2] 1915, [lower-alpha 2] 1916, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1923, 1924, 1925, [lower-alpha 2] 1926	Won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 30] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [94]
	Carl Bosch	August 27, 1874 Cologne, Germany	April 26, 1940 Heidelberg, Germany	1915, [lower-alpha 2] 1916, 1920, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931	Shared the 1931 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Fr.Bergius [lower-alpha 31] . [95]
	Frank Wigglesworth Clarke	March 19, 1847 Boston, United States	May 23, 1931 Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States	1916	Nominated the only time by Hiram Colver McNeil (1866–1937) from George Washington University. [96]
	Felix Ehrlich	June 1, 1877 Bad Gandersheim, Germany	January 23, 1942 Oborniki Śląskie, Poland	1916	Nominated the only time by Alexander Herzfeld (1854–1928) from Institut für Zuckerindustrie. [97]
	Émile Bourquelot	June 21, 1851 Jandun, France	January 26, 1921 Paris, France	1916, 1921 [lower-alpha 2]	[98]
	Josef Maria Eder	March 16, 1855 Krems an der Donau, Austria	October 18, 1944 Kitzbuhel, Austria	1915, [lower-alpha 2] 1916, 1921	[99]
1917 - this year Prize was not awarded
	Fritz Pregl	September 3, 1869 Ljubljana, Slovenia	December 13, 1930 Graz, Austria	1917, 1922, 1923	Won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 32] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [100]
	Knut Jacob Beskow	January 13, 1876 Stockholm, Sweden	January 28, 1928 Stockholm, Sweden	1917	[101] Jointly nominated the only time by P.Klason [102]
	Arthur Ramén	October 12, 1873 Uppsala, Sweden	September 30, 1926 Stockholm, Sweden
	Karl Andreas Hofmann	April 2, 1870 Ansbach, Kingdom of Bavaria	October 15, 1940 Berlin-Charlottenburg, Germany	1917 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated the only time by Fr.Dolezalek
	Arthur Michael	August 7, 1853 Buffalo, New York, United States	February 8, 1942 Orlando, Florida, United States	1917, [lower-alpha 2] 1922 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated by Th.W.Richards only
	Karl Oskar Widman	January 2, 1852 Uppsala, Sweden	August 26, 1930	1917, [lower-alpha 2] 1924 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated by A.Angeli only
	Philippe-Auguste Guye	June 12, 1862 Geneva, Switzerland	March 27, 1922 Geneva, Switzerland	1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922	[103]
	Amé Pictet	July 12, 1857 Geneva, Switzerland	March 11, 1937 Geneva, Switzerland	1917, 1920, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933	[104]
1918 - Prize has been awarded a year later
	Hartog Jacob Hamburger	March 9, 1859 Alkmaar, Netherlands	January 4, 1924 Groningen, Netherlands	1918	Nominated the only time by H.von Euler-Chelpin and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 33] [105] [106]
	Mikhail Tsvet	May 14, 1872 Asti, Italy	June 26, 1919 Voronezh, Russia	1918	Nominated the only time by Cornelis van Wisselingh (1859–1925) from University of Groningen. [107]
	Arthur Louis Day	October 30, 1869 Brookfield, Massachusetts, United States	March 2, 1960 Washington, D.C., United States	1918 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated the only time by Fr.M.Jaeger
	Robert Andrews Millikan	March 22, 1868 Morrison, Illinois, United States	December 19, 1953 San Marino, California, United States		Nominated jointly by James Bayard Clark (1869-?) the only time
	Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin	October 4, 1858 (or October 9, 1854) Idvor, now Serbia	March 12, 1935 New York, United States
	Wilhelm Schlenk	March 22, 1879 Munich, Germany	April 29, 1943 Tübingen, Germany	1918, 1920, 1924, 1925, 1929	[108]
1919 - this year Prize was not awarded
	Martinus Beijerinck	March 16, 1851 Amsterdam, Netherlands	January 1, 1931 Gorssel, Netherlands	1917, [lower-alpha 2] 1918, [lower-alpha 2] 1919, 1920	Nominated by S.Orla-Jensen only. [109]
	Edward Curtis Franklin	March 1, 1862 Geary County, Kansas, United States	February 13, 1937 Stanford University, United States	1919, 1921	Nominated by D.St.Jordan only. [110]

1920–1929

• 1920
• 1921
• 1922
• 1923
• 1924
• 1925
• 1926
• 1927
• 1928
• 1929

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years nominated	Notes
1920 - Prize has been awarded a year later
	Niels Bohr	October 7, 1885 Copenhagen, Denmark	November 18, 1962 Copenhagen, Denmark	1920, 1929	Won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics. [111]
	Otto Philipp Fischer	November 28, 1852 Euskirchen, Germany	April 4, 1932 Erlangen, Germany	1920	Nominated the only time by G.Heller. [112]
	Domingo Emilio Noelting	June 8, 1851 Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic	August 6, 1922 Merano, Italy	1920	Nominated the only time by K.Dziewoński. [113]
	Arthur Amos Noyes	September 13, 1866 Newburyport, Massachusetts, United States	June 3, 1936 Pasadena, California, United States	1920, 1927 [lower-alpha 2]	[114]
	Ossian Aschan	May 16, 1860 Helsinki, Finland	February 25, 1939 Helsinki, Finland	1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1931, 1936	[115]
1921 - Prize has been awarded a year later
	Friedrich Fichter	July 6, 1869 Basel, Switzerland	June 6, 1952 Basel, Switzerland	1921 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated the only time jointly with W.H.Nernst by J.Fr.C.Schall
	Ludwig Knorr	December 2, 1859 Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria	June 4, 1921 Jena, Germany		Nominated by B.L.P.Rassow the only time
	Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft	1867 Berlin, North German Confederation			Nominated by Sv.A.Arrhenius the only time
	Charles Moureu	April 19, 1863 Mourenx, France	June 13, 1929 Biarritz, France	1921, 1929	[116]
	Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen	January 9, 1868 Havrebjerg, Denmark	February 12, 1939 Copenhagen, Denmark	1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 34] [105] [117]
	Herbert Freundlich	January 28, 1880 Charlottenburg, Germany	March 30, 1941 Minneapolis, United States	1921, 1928, 1936	[118]
	Moses Gomberg	February 8, 1866 Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine	February 12, 1947 Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States	1915, [lower-alpha 2] 1916, [lower-alpha 2] 1921, 1922, 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1938, 1940	[119]
	Sergei Winogradsky	September 1, 1856 Kyiv, Ukraine	February 25, 1953 Brie-Comte-Robert, France	1921, 1952	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 35] [120] [121]
1922
	Francis William Aston	September 1, 1877 Birmingham, England	November 20, 1945 Cambridge, England	1922, 1923 [lower-alpha 2]	Won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 36] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [122]
	Arnold Frederick Holleman	August 28, 1859 Oisterwijk, Netherlands	August 11, 1953 Bloemendaal, Netherlands	1922	Nominated the only time by J.J.Blanksma. [123]
	Carl Auer von Welsbach	September 1, 1858 Vienna, Austria	August 4, 1929 Mölbling, Austria	1918, [lower-alpha 2] 1921, [lower-alpha 2] 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929	[124]
	Nikodem Caro	May 23, 1871 Łódź, Poland	June 27, 1935 Zürich, Switzerland	1922, 1932, 1933	[125]
	Gilbert Newton Lewis	October 23, 1875 Weymouth, Massachusetts, United States	March 23, 1946 Berkeley, California, United States	1922, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946	[126]
1923
	Ladislav Pračka	March 27, 1877 Dolní Jelení, Austria-Hungary	December 9, 1922	1923 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated the only time jointly with Ph.A.Guye and P.Walden by Albert Colson (4.3.1853 Varangéville - 12.4.1933 Paris)
	Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft	October 30, 1920			Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too by Sv.Aug.Arrhenius only
	Henry Siedentopf	September 22, 1872 Bremen, Germany	May 8, 1940 Jena, Germany	1921, [lower-alpha 2] 1923, 1924	Nominated jointly with R.Ad.Zsigmondy by W.Ostwald only. [127]
	Frederick Belding Power	March 4, 1853 New York, United States	March 26, 1927 Washington, D.C., United States	1923, 1925	[128]
1924 - this year Prize was not awarded
	Heinrich Otto Wieland	June 4, 1877 Pforzheim, Germany	August 5, 1947 Starnberg, Germany	1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1933, 1934	Won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 37] in 1928 and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [129]
	Hans von Euler-Chelpin	February 15, 1873 Augsburg, Germany	November 6, 1964 Stockholm, Sweden	1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929	Shared the 1929 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with A.Harden [lower-alpha 38] [130]
	George de Hevesy	August 1, 1885 Budapest, Hungary	July 5, 1966 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany	1924, 1927, 1929, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944	Won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 39] in 1944 and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics and in Physiology or Medicine too. [131]
	Friedrich Emich	September 5, 1860 Graz, Austria	January 22, 1940 Graz, Austria	1924, 1925	Nominated jointly with W.Schlenk by Fr.Pregl only. [132]
	Dirk Coster	October 5, 1889 Amsterdam, Netherlands	February 12, 1950 Groningen, Netherlands	1924, 1927, 1929, 1933	Nominated jointly with G.de Hevesy only. [133]
	Lise Meitner	November 7, 1878 Vienna, Austria	October 27, 1968 Cambridge, England	1924, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1948	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [134]
1925 - Prize has been awarded a year later
	André-Louis Debierne	July 14, 1874 Paris, France	August 31, 1949 Paris, France	1925	Nominated the only time by Albin Haller. [135]
	Johannes Georg Gadamer	April 1, 1867 Waldenburg, Silesia, North German Confederation	April 15, 1928 Marburg, Germany	1925 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated the only time jointly with H.K.A.S.von Euler-Chelpin, Th.Svedberg, H.O.Wieland, Ad.O.R.Windaus, R.Ad.Zsigmondy , M.Ern.A.Bodenstein, W.H.Perkin, Jr., W.J.Schlenk and G.H.J.Ap.Tammann by Fr.A.Kötz
	Emil Otto Paul Bruno Ramann	April 30, 1851 Gut Dorotheenthal, German Confederation	January 19, 1926 Munich, Germany		Nominated the only time by Edw.Blanck
	John Jacob Abel	May 19, 1857 Cleveland, United States	May 26, 1938 Baltimore, United States	1925, 1926, 1927, 1930 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 40] [136] [137]
1926
	Adolf Windaus	December 25, 1876 Berlin, Germany	June 9, 1959 Göttingen, Germany	1925, [lower-alpha 2] 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929 [lower-alpha 2]	Won the 1928 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 41] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [138]
	Fritz Foerster	February 22, 1866 Zielona Gora, Poland	September 14, 1931 Dresden, Germany	1926	Nominated jointly with H.O.Wieland the only time by L.H.Plate. [139]
	Piero Ginori Conti	June 3, 1865 Florence, Italy	December 3, 1939 Florence, Italy	1926	Nominated the only time by P.Sabatier . [140]
	Giuseppe Oddo	June 9, 1865 Caltavuturo, Italy	November 5, 1954 Palermo, Italy	1921, [lower-alpha 2] 1926, 1935 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated by himself or by his brother B.Oddo only. [141]
	Casimir Funk	February 23, 1884 Warsaw, Poland	November 19, 1967 New York City, United States	1926, 1946	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 42] [142] [143]
	Paul Pascal	July 4, 1880 Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise, France	January 26, 1968 Caen, France	1926, 1927, 1949, 1957, 1958, 1960	[144]
1927 - Prize has been awarded a year later
	Irving Langmuir	January 31, 1881 Brooklyn, United States	August 16, 1957 Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States	1927, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932	Won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 43] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [145]
	Peter Debye	March 24, 1884 Maastricht, Netherlands	November 2, 1966 New York City, United States	1927, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936	Won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 44] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [146]
	Frederick Gowland Hopkins	June 20, 1861 Eastbourne, England	May 16, 1947 Cambridge, England	1927	Won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. [147]
	Herbert Baker	June 9, 1862 Owletts, England	February 4, 1946 Cobham, Kent, England	1927	[148] Nominated jointly the only time by C.Drucker [149]
	Ernst Cohen	March 7, 1869 Amsterdam, Netherlands	March 6, 1944 Oswiecim, Poland
	Olof Hammarsten	August 21, 1841 Norrköping, Sweden	September 21, 1932 Uppsala, Sweden	1911, [lower-alpha 2] 1914, [lower-alpha 2] 1915, [lower-alpha 2] 1927	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 45] [150] [151]
	Julius Bredt	March 29, 1855 Berlin, Germany	September 21, 1937 Aachen, Germany	1924, [lower-alpha 2] 1927	Nominated the only time by G.Heller. [152]
	Kurt Gustav Peters	August 17, 1897 Vienna, Austria	May 23, 1978 Vienna, Austria	1927	Nominated jointly with Fr.Paneth the only time by M.J.L.Le Blanc. [153]
	Friedrich Paneth	August 31, 1887 Vienna, Austria	September 17, 1958 Mainz, Germany	1927, 1932, 1935, 1939, 1948, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958	[154]
	Niels Bjerrum	March 11, 1879 Copenhagen, Denmark	September 30, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark	1927, 1931, 1956	[155]
1928
	Robert Robinson	September 13, 1886 Derbyshire, England	February 8, 1975 Great Missenden, England	1928, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947	Won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 46] . [156]
	Samuel Colville Lind	June 15, 1879 McMinnville, Tennessee, United States	February 12, 1965 Clinch River near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States	1928	Nominated the only time by Colin Garfield Fink (1881–1953) - the President and the Secretary of the Electrochemical Society. [157]
	Kazimierz Fajans	May 27, 1887 Warsaw, Poland	May 18, 1975 Michigan, United States	1924, [lower-alpha 2] 1928, 1934	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too [158]
	Bruno Tacke	August 26, 1861 Wissen, Germany	October 28, 1942 Hagen, Germany	1928, 1936	Nominated by P.Ehrenberg only. [159]
	Hans Fischer	July 27, 1881 Frankfurt, Germany	March 31, 1945 Munich, Germany	1928, 1929, 1930	Won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 47] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [160]
1929
	Alfred Fabian Hess	October 9, 1875 New York City, United States	December 5, 1933 The Bronx, United States	1929	Nominated jointly with H.Fischer the only time by J.Wagner-Jauregg and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 48] [161] [162] [163]
	Arthur Harden	October 12, 1865 Manchester, England	June 17, 1940 Wooburn Green, England	1929	Shared the 1929 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with H.von Euler-Chelpin [lower-alpha 38] [164]
	Friedrich Bergius	October 11, 1884 Wrocław, Poland	March 30, 1949 Buenos Aires, Argentina	1929, 1931	Shared the 1931 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with C.Bosch [lower-alpha 31] . [165]
	Walter Norman Haworth	March 19, 1883 White Coppice, England	March 19, 1950 Barnt Green, England	1929, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937	Shared the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 49] with P.Karrer . [166]
	Otto Heinrich Warburg	October 8, 1883 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany	August 1, 1970 Berlin, Germany	1929, 1931, 1960	Won the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. [167]
	George Barger	April 4, 1878 Manchester, England	January 6, 1939 Aeschi, Switzerland	1929	[168] Nominated jointly the only time and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 50] [169] [170]
	Charles Harington	August 1, 1897 Llanerfyl, Wales	February 4, 1972 London, England
	Kurt Bennewitz	January 2, 1886 Magdeburg, Germany	November 28, 1964 Bonn, Germany	1929	Nominated the only time by J.Billiter. [171]
	Johannes van Laar	July 10, 1860 The Hague, Netherlands	December 9, 1938 Clarens, Switzerland	1929	Nominated the only time by J.J.Blanksma. [172]
	Alfred Stock	July 16, 1876 Gdańsk, Poland	August 12, 1946 Aken (Elbe), Germany	1929	Nominated the only time by Alfons Franz Klemenc (1885–1960) from TU Wien. [173]
	Heinrich Hubert Maria Josef Houben	October 27, 1875 Waldfeucht, German Empire	June 28, 1940 Tübingen, Germany	1929 [lower-alpha 2]	Self-nomination the only time
	Carl Neuberg	July 29, 1877 Hanover, Germany	May 30, 1956 New York City, United States	1921, [lower-alpha 2] 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 51] [174] [175]
	Frédéric Swarts	September 2, 1866 Ixelles, Belgium	September 6, 1940 Ghent, Belgium	1926, [lower-alpha 2] 1929, 1932, 1933, 1935	[176]
	Max Bodenstein	July 15, 1871 Magdeburg, Germany	September 3, 1942 Berlin, Germany	1925, [lower-alpha 2] 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937	[177]
	Otto Ruff	December 12, 1871 Baden-Württemberg, Germany	September 17, 1939 Wrocław, Poland	1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937	[178]
	Victor Goldschmidt	January 27, 1888 Zürich, Switzerland	March 20, 1947 Oslo, Norway	1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1940	[179]
	Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted	February 22, 1879 Varde, Denmark	December 17, 1947 Copenhagen, Denmark	1929, 1933, 1948, 1949	[180]
	Charles Dufraisse	August 20, 1885 Excideuil, France	August 5, 1969 Excideuil, France	1929, 1948, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958	[181]

1930–1939

• 1930
• 1931
• 1932
• 1933
• 1934
• 1935
• 1936
• 1937
• 1938
• 1939

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years nominated	Notes
1930
	Percy Williams Bridgman	April 21, 1882 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	August 20, 1961 Randolph, New Hampshire, United States	1930	Won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics. [182]
	Carl F. Schmidt	July 29, 1893 Lebanon, Pennsylvania, United States	April 4, 1988 Radnor Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States	1930	[183]
	Werner Karl Heisenberg	December 5, 1901 Würzburg, German Empire	February 1, 1976 Munich, Germany	1930, [lower-alpha 2] 1931 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated jointly with Arn.Th.Eucken and K.-Fr.Bonhoeffer only by J.B.Perrin [184]
	Arnold Thomas Eucken	July 3, 1884 Jena, Germany	June 16, 1950 Seebruck, Germany	1930, 1931 [lower-alpha 2] , 1934	Nominated jointly with K.-Fr.Bonhoeffer only. [185]
	Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer	January 13, 1899 Wrocław, Poland	May 15, 1957 Göttingen, Germany	1930, 1931 [lower-alpha 2] , 1934, 1937, 1952	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [186]
1931
	Leopold Ružička	September 13, 1887 Vukovar, Croatia	September 26, 1976 Mammern, Switzerland	1931, 1933 [lower-alpha 2] , 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939	Shared the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 52] with Ad.Fr.J.Butenandt . [187]
	Hermann Staudinger	March 23, 1881 Worms, Germany	September 8, 1965 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany	1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1939, 1941, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953	Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 53] [188]
	Werner Schulemann	May 4, 1888 Nysa, Poland	June 20, 1975 Bonn, Germany	1931	Nominated the only time by H.K.G.Schmidt and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 54] [189] [190]
	Karl von Auwers	September 16, 1863 Gotha, Germany	May 3, 1939 Marburg, Germany	1931	[191]
	Nicola Parravano	July 21, 1883 Fontana Liri, Kingdom of Italy	August 10, 1938 Fiuggi, Kingdom of Italy	1931 [lower-alpha 2]
	Frederick George Donnan	September 6, 1870 Colombo, Sri Lanka	December 16, 1956 Canterbury, England	1931, 1933	[192]
	Peter Klason	April 4, 1848 Falkenberg, Sweden	January 1, 1937 Stockholm, Sweden	1931, 1932, 1934, 1935	[193]
	James Irvine	May 9, 1877 Glasgow, Scotland	June 12, 1952 Edinburgh, Scotland	1931, 1935, 1936	Nominated jointly with W.N.Haworth only. [194]
	Werner Kuhn	February 6, 1899 Maur, Switzerland	August 27, 1963 Basel, Switzerland	1931, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964	[195]
1932
	Paul Karrer	April 21, 1889 Moscow, Russia	June 18, 1971 Zürich, Switzerland	1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937	Shared the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 55] with Walter Norman Haworth . [196]
	Richard Kuhn	December 3, 1900 Vienna, Austria	August 1, 1967 Heidelberg, Germany	1932, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939	Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 56] in 1939. [197]
	Otto Diels	January 23, 1876 Hamburg, Germany	March 7, 1954 Kiel, Germany	1931, [lower-alpha 2] 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1949, 1950	Shared the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with K.Alder [lower-alpha 57] [198]
	Gustav Embden	November 10, 1874 Hamburg, Germany	July 25, 1933 Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany	1932	Nominated jointly with C.Neuberg the only time by H.von Euler-Chelpin and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 58] [199] [200]
	Walter Noddack	August 17, 1893 Berlin, Germany	December 7, 1960 Berlin, Germany	1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1937	[201]
1933 - this year Prize was not awarded
	Ida Tacke Noddack	February 25, 1896 Rhine Province, Germany	September 24, 1978 Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany	1933, 1935, 1937	Nominated jointly with W.Noddack only. [202]
	Artturi Ilmari Virtanen	January 15, 1895 Helsinki, Finland	November 11, 1973 Helsinki, Finland	1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945	Won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 59] [203]
	Ernst Späth	May 14, 1886 Moravský Beroun, Czechia	September 30, 1946 Zürich, Switzerland	1933	Nominated jointly with P.Karrer the only time by K.Brass. [204]
	Emil Votoček	October 5, 1872 Hostinné, Czechia	October 11, 1950 Prague, Czechia	1933	[205]
1934
	Adolf Butenandt	March 24, 1903 Bremerhaven, Germany	January 18, 1995 Munich, Germany	1934, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939	Shared the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 60] with L.Ružička and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [206]
	Jaroslav Heyrovský	December 20, 1890 Prague, Czechia	March 27, 1967 Prague, Czechia	1934, 1938, 1940, 1944, 1947, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959	Won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 61] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics and in Physiology or Medicine too. [207]
	Harold Clayton Urey	April 29, 1893 Walkerton, Indiana, United States	January 5, 1981 La Jolla, California, United States	1934	Won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 62] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [208]
	Edward Wight Washburn	May 10, 1881 Beatrice, Nebraska, United States	February 6, 1934 Washington, D.C., United States	1934	Nominated jointly with H.Cl.Urey the only time by Th.Svedberg . [209] Died before the only chance to be rewarded.
	Discoverers of Heavy Water			1934 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated by W.Dilthey the only time
	Louis Camille Maillard	February 4, 1878 Pont-à-Mousson, France	May 12, 1936 Paris, France	1934	Nominated the only time by R.Maire. [210]
	Fritz Micheel	July 3, 1900 Strasburg, Germany	June 8, 1982 Münster, Germany	1934 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated jointly with W.N.Haworth, P.Karrer and Edm.L.Hirst by W.Dilthey the only time
	David Reichinstein	June 9, 1882 Mogilev, Russian Empire	November 4, 1955 Zürich, Switzerland
	Albert Imre Szent-Györgyi	September 16, 1893 Budapest, Austria-Hungary	October 22, 1986 Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
	Fritz Kögl	September 19, 1897 Munich, Germany	June 6, 1959 Utrecht, Netherlands	1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 63] [211] [212]
	Erik Karl Mauritz Hägglund	June 15, 1887 Timrå, Sweden	March 13, 1959 Stockholm, Sweden	1934, 1956	[213]
1935
	Frédéric Joliot	March 19, 1900 Paris, France	August 14, 1958 Paris, France	1935, 1936 [lower-alpha 2]	[214] Shared the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 64] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too [215]
	Irène Joliot-Curie	September 12, 1897 Paris, France	March 17, 1956 Paris, France
	Enrico Fermi	September 9, 1901 Rome, Italy	November 28, 1954 Chicago, United States	1935, 1936, 1937	Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics. [216]
	George Oliver Curme Jr.	December 24, 1888 Mount Vernon, Iowa, United States	July 28, 1976 Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts, United States	1935	Nominated jointly with Ph.Levene the only time by M.T.Bogert. [217]
	Phoebus Levene	February 25, 1869 Žagarė, Lithuania	September 6, 1940 New York City, United States	1935	Nominated jointly with G.Ol.Curme Jr. the only time by M.T.Bogert and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 65] [218] [219]
	Colin Garfield Fink [220]	December 31, 1881 Hoboken, New Jersey, United States	September 17, 1953 Red Bank, New Jersey, United States	1935	Nominated the only time by Harold Hibbert (1877–1945) from McGill University. [221]
	Max Bergmann	February 12, 1886 Fürth, Germany	November 7, 1944 New York City, United States	1935, 1940	Nominated by K.Landsteiner only. [222]
1936
	William Giauque	May 12, 1895 Niagara Falls, Canada	March 28, 1982 Berkeley, California, United States	1936, 1937, 1942, 1947, 1948, 1949	Won the 1949 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 66] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [223]
	Kurt Alder	July 10, 1902 Chorzow, Poland	June 20, 1958 Cologne, Germany	1936, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1949, 1950	Shared the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with O.Diels [lower-alpha 57] . [224]
	Umetaro Suzuki	April 7, 1874 Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan	September 20, 1943 Tokyo, Japan	1927 [lower-alpha 2] , 1936	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 67] [225] [226]
	William Arthur Bone	March 19, 1871 Stockton-on-Tees, England	June 11, 1938 London, England	1936	Nominated the only time by James Charles Philip (1873–1941) from Imperial College London. [227]
	Jacob Heslinga	August 24, 1896 Pingjum, Netherlands	1966	1936	[228] Nominated jointly [229] the only time by J.J.Blanksma [230]
	Henri ter Meulen	November 30, 1871 Amsterdam, Netherlands	June 24, 1942 The Hague, Netherlands
	Otto Hönigschmid	March 13, 1878 Horovice, Czechia	October 14, 1945 Munich, Germany	1936	Nominated the only time by Hermann Pauly. [231]
	Jens Möller	July 2, 1894 Warnitz, Denmark	November 28, 1951 Gråsten, Denmark	1936	Nominated the only time by P.E.Raaschou. [232]
	IG Farben's research laboratory, Elberfeld	December 2, 1925 Germany	October 31, 2012 Germany	1936 [lower-alpha 2]	Nominated the only time by J.Wagner-Jauregg
	Wojciech Świętosławski	June 21, 1881 Kiryjówka, Poland	April 29, 1968 Warsaw, Poland	1936, 1950, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1962	[233]
1937
	Hugo Theorell	July 6, 1903 Linköping, Sweden	August 15, 1982 Stockholm, Sweden	1937, 1938, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955	Won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. [234]
	Marc Tiffeneau	November 5, 1873 Mouy, France	May 20, 1945 Paris, France	1937	Nominated the only time by Jean-Louis Chelle (1881–1960) from University of Bordeaux. [235]
	Arthur Heinrich Binz	November 12, 1868 Bonn, Germany	January 25, 1943 Berlin, Germany	1937	[236] Professors of Chemistry from the Agricultural College in Berlin nominated jointly the only time by Hans Albert Bausch. [237]
	Curt Räth [238]	December 1, 1893 Schöneberg, Germany	November 29, 1944 Charlottenburg, Germany
	Franz Joseph Emil Fischer	March 19, 1877 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany	December 1, 1947 Munich, Germany	1937	Nominated jointly with Fr.Hofmann the only time by Ernst Terres. [239]
	Fritz Hofmann	November 2, 1866 Kölleda, Germany	October 29, 1956 Hanover, Germany	1937	[240]
	Gustaf Komppa	July 28, 1867 Vyborg, Russia	January 20, 1949 Helsinki, Finland	1937, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945	[241]
	Paul Harteck	July 20, 1902 Vienna, Austria	January 22, 1985 Santa Barbara, California, United States	1937, 1952	[242]
	Fritz London	March 7, 1900 Breslau, now Poland	March 30, 1954 Durham, North Carolina, United States	1937, 1942, 1950, 1963	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [243]
1938 - Prize has been awarded a year later
	Wendell Meredith Stanley	August 16, 1904 Ridgeville, Indiana, United States	June 15, 1971 Salamanca, Spain	1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946	Shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with J.H.Northrop [lower-alpha 68] and J.B.Sumner and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [244]
	William Draper Harkins	December 28, 1873 Titusville, Pennsylvania, United States	March 7, 1951 Chicago, United States	1933, [lower-alpha 2] 1938	[245]
	Jacob Böeseken	August 20, 1868 Rotterdam, Netherlands	May 16, 1949 Delft, Netherlands	1938	Nominated the only time by H. ter Meulen [246]
	Victor Henri	June 6, 1872 Marseille, France	June 21, 1940 La Rochelle, France	1938	Nominated the only time by J.Errera. [247]
	Vladimir Ipatieff	November 21, 1867 Moscow, Russia	November 29, 1952 Chicago, United States	1938, 1941, 1942, 1948, 1949, 1950	[248]
	Arthur Stoll	January 8, 1887 Schinznach-Dorf, Switzerland	January 13, 1971 Dornach, Switzerland	1938, 1940, 1942, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1957, 1959, 1960	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 69] [249] [250]
1939
	Georg Bredig	October 1, 1868 Glogow, Poland	April 24, 1944 New York City, United States	1922, [lower-alpha 2] 1939	[251]
	Frederick Charles Bawden	August 18, 1908 Devonshire, England	February 8, 1972 Hertfordshire, England	1939	[252] Nominated jointly the only time by Th.Svedberg and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 70] [253] [254]
	Norman Pirie	July 1, 1907 Easebourne, England	March 29, 1997 Harpenden, England
	Paul Job [255]	December 4, 1886 Nancy, France	July 29, 1957 Paris, France	1939	Nominated the only time by Marcel Lemarchands (1889–1943) from the University of Lyon. [256]
	Maurice Piettre [257]	January 14, 1878 Paris, France	January 13, 1954 Paris, France	1939	Nominated the only time by L.de Broglie . [258]
	Francesco Giordani	July 5, 1896 Naples, Italy	January 24, 1961 Naples, Italy	1939	[259]
	Dorothy Maud Wrinch	September 12, 1894 Rosario, Argentina	February 11, 1976 Falmouth,_Massachusetts, United States	1939	[260]
	Conrad Elvehjem	May 27, 1901 McFarland, Wisconsin, United States	July 27, 1962 Madison, Wisconsin, United States	1939, 1944	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 71] [261] [262]
	Ernest Fourneau	October 4, 1872 Biarritz, France	August 5, 1949 Ascain, France	1939, 1940, 1949	[263]
	Robley Cook Williams	October 13, 1908 Santa Rosa, California, United States	January 3, 1995 New York City, United States	1939, 1940, 1945, 1948, 1956	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 72] [264] [265]

1940–1949

• 1940
• 1941
• 1942
• 1943
• 1944
• 1945
• 1946
• 1947
• 1948
• 1949

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years nominated	Notes
1940 - this year Prize was not awarded
	Linus Pauling	February 28, 1901 Portland, Oregon, United States	August 19, 1994 Big Sur, United States	1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955	Won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 73] and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize. Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [266]
	Fritz Weigert	September 18, 1876 Berlin, Germany	April 13, 1947 Berlin, Germany	1940	Nominated the only time by H.von Halban. [267]
	Jacques Tréfouël	November 9, 1897 Le Raincy, France	July 11, 1977 Paris, France	1940, 1944, 1946, 1950, 1951	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 74] [268] [269]
	Christopher Kelk Ingold	October 28, 1893 London, England	December 8, 1970 Edgware, England	1940, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	[270]
	John Howard Northrop	July 5, 1891 Yonkers, New York, United States	May 27, 1987 Wickenburg, Arizona, United States	1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946	[lower-alpha 68] [271] Shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with W.M.Stanley and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [lower-alpha 75] [272]
1941 - this year Prize was not awarded
	James Batcheller Sumner	November 19, 1887 Canton, Massachusetts, United States	August 12, 1955 Buffalo, New York, United States	1941, 1944, 1945, 1946
	Moses Kunitz	December 19, 1887 Slonim, Belarus	April 21, 1978 Philadelphia, United States	1941	Nominated jointly with J.H.Northrop and J.B.Sumner only and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 76] [273] [274]
	Rudolph Schoenheimer	May 10, 1898 Berlin, Germany	September 11, 1941 Yonkers, New York, United States	1941	Nominated jointly with G.Ch.de Hevesy the only time by H.Urey and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 77] [275] [276]
	Paul Niggli	June 26, 1888 Zofingen, Switzerland	January 13, 1953 Zürich, Switzerland	1941	[277]
	Donald Van Slyke	March 29, 1883 Pike, New York, United States	May 4, 1971 Brookhaven, New York, United States	1941, 1945	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 78] [278] [279]
	Albert Marcel Germain René Portevin	November 1, 1880 Paris, France	April 12, 1962 Paris, France	1941, 1945, 1948, 1950, 1959	Nominated by G.-L.Chaudron only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [280]
1942 - this year Prize was not awarded
	René Bernard Wurmser	September 24, 1890 Paris, France	November 9, 1993 Paris, France	1942	Nominated the only time by J.B.Perrin . [281]
	Ernest Kennaway	May 23, 1881 Exeter, England	January 1, 1958 London, England	1942, 1944	Nominated jointly with J.W.Cook only and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 79] [282] [283]
	James Wilfred Cook	December 10, 1900 South Kensington, England	October 21, 1975 Exeter, England	1942, 1944, 1950, 1952	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 79] [282] [284]
	Walter Heitler	January 2, 1904 Karlsruhe, Germany	November 15, 1981 Zollikon, Switzerland	1942, 1950, 1959, 1963, 1964, 1969, 1970	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [285]
1943 - Prize has been awarded a year later
	Tadeusz Reichstein	July 20, 1897 Wloclawek, Poland	August 1, 1996 Basel, Switzerland	1943, 1944, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950	Shared the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edw.C.Kendall and Ph.Sh.Hench . [286]
1944 - Prize has been awarded a year later
	Vincent du Vigneaud	May 18, 1901 Chicago, United States	December 11, 1978 White Plains, New York, United States	1944, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956	Won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 80] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [287]
	Harry Steenbock	August 16, 1886 Charlestown, Wisconsin, United States	December 25, 1967 Madison, Wisconsin, United States	1944	Nominated the only time by Olaf Andreas Hougen (1893–1986) from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 81] [162] [288]
	Edward Charles Dodds	October 13, 1899 Liverpool, England	December 16, 1973 London, England	1944	Nominated jointly with Ern.Kennaway , J.W.Cook , Fr.Kögl and Kl.Clusius the only time by J.B.Gillis and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 82] [289] [290]
	Klaus Clusius	March 19, 1903 Wrocław, Poland	May 28, 1963 Zürich, Switzerland	1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [291]
	Karl Paul Link	January 31, 1901 LaPorte, Indiana, United States	November 21, 1978 Madison, Wisconsin, United States	1944, 1960	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 83] [292] [293]
	Henry Eyring	February 20, 1901 Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico	December 26, 1981 Salt Lake City, Utah, Mexico	1944, 1950, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970	[294]
1945
	Arne Fredrik Westgren	July 11, 1889 Årjäng, Sweden	March 7, 1975 Stockholm, Sweden	1945	Nominated the only time by Donald Pritchard Smith (1879–1957) from the Princeton University. [295]
1946
	Glenn Theodore Seaborg	April 19, 1912 Ishpeming, Michigan, United States	February 25, 1999 Lafayette, California, United States	1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1955	Shared the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Edw.McMillan [lower-alpha 84] . [296]
	Robert Burns Woodward	April 10, 1917 Boston, United States	July 8, 1979 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	1946, 1947, 1948, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965	Woodward holds the highest record as the most nominated person for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and won on 1965 [lower-alpha 85] . He was nominated 111 times. [297]
	Hans Adolf Krebs	August 25, 1900 Hildesheim, Germany	November 22, 1981 Oxford, England	1946, 1950	Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. [298]
	Hugh Stott Taylor	February 6, 1890 St. Helens, Merseyside, England	April 17, 1974 Princeton, New Jersey, United States	1946	Nominated the only time by N.H.Furman. [299]
	William von Eggers Doering	June 22, 1917 Fort Worth, Texas, United States	January 3, 2011 Waltham, Massachusetts, United States	1946, 1947, 1968	[300]
	Alexander Frumkin	October 24, 1895 Chișinău, Moldova	May 27, 1976 Tula, Russia	1946, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969	[301]
	Nikolay Semyonov	April 15, 1896 Saratov, Russia	September 25, 1986 Moscow, Russia	1946, 1947, 1948, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1957	[302] Shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 86] [303]
1947
	Cyril Norman Hinshelwood	June 19, 1897 London, England	October 9, 1967 London, England	1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956
	Arne Tiselius	August 10, 1902 Stockholm, Sweden	October 29, 1971 Uppsala, Sweden	1947, 1948	Won the 1948 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 87] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [304]
	Henri Devaux [305]	July 6, 1862 Étaules, Charente-Maritime, France	March 14, 1956 Bordeaux, France	1947	Nominated the only time by L.Genevois. [306]
	Leo Szilard	February 11, 1898 Budapest, Hungary	May 30, 1964 San Diego, California, United States	1947	Nominated the only time by M.Polanyi and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [307]
	J.R. Geigy SA (founded by J. R. Geigy-Merian) [308] [309]	1857 Basel, Switzerland	1970 Basel, Switzerland	1947	Nominated jointly with P.Läuger the only time by Bawa Kartar Singh (1886–1960) from the University of the Punjab. First and last company nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry [310]
	Paul Läuger [311]	1896	1959	1947	Nominated jointly with J.R. Geigy SA the only time by Bawa Kartar Singh (1886–1960) from the University of the Punjab and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 88] [312] [313]
	Otto Robert Frisch	October 1, 1904 Vienna, Austria	September 22, 1979 Cambridge, England	1947, 1948	Nominated jointly with L.Meitner by N.Bohr only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [314]
1948
	Edwin McMillan	September 18, 1907 Redondo Beach, California, United States	September 7, 1991 El Cerrito, California, United States	1948, 1951	Shared the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Gl.Th.Seaborg [lower-alpha 84] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [315]
	Philip Abelson	April 27, 1913 Tacoma, Washington, United States	August 1, 2004 Bethesda, Maryland, United States	1948	Nominated jointly with Edw.McMillan the only time by Don Merlin Lee Yost (1893–1977) from the California Institute of Technology. [316]
	Paul Lebeau	December 19, 1868 Boiscommun, France	November 18, 1959 Massy, Essonne, France	1948	Nominated the only time by L.Hackspill. [317]
	David Rittenberg	November 11, 1906 New York City, United States	January 24, 1970 New York City, United States	1948	Nominated the only time by Egbert Havinga (1909–1988) from Leiden University and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [318]
	Alfred Mirsky	October 17, 1900 New York City, United States	June 19, 1974 New York City, United States	1948	Nominated the only time by H.K.A.S.von Euler-Chelpin . [319]
	Paul Rabe	August 24, 1869 Hoym, Germany	August 28, 1952 Hamburg, Germany	1948	Nominated jointly with R.B.Woodward the only time by L.Zechmeister. [320]
	Gerhard Dickel	October 28, 1913 Augsburg, Germany	November 3, 2017 Augsburg, Germany	1948	Nominated jointly with Kl.Clusius the only time by H.Urey . [321]
	Joseph William Kennedy	May 30, 1916 Nacogdoches, Texas, United States	May 5, 1957 St. Louis, Missouri, United States	1948	Nominated jointly with Gl.T.Seaborg the only time by H.Urey . [322]
	Pierre Armand Jacquet	April 7, 1906 Saint-Mandé, France	September 6, 1967 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France	1948, 1950	Nominated jointly with Alb.Portevin and Ch.Dufraisse by G.-L.Chaudron only. [323]
	Morris Selig Kharasch	August 24, 1895 Kremenets', Ukraine	October 9, 1957 Copenhagen, Denmark	1948, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957	[324]
	Roger Adams	January 2, 1889 Boston, United States	July 6, 1971 Urbana, Illinois, United States	1948, 1949, 1952, 1957, 1959, 1960	[325]
	Hans Meerwein	May 20, 1879 Hamburg, Germany	October 24, 1965 Marburg, Germany	1948, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965	[326]
	Arvid Hedvall	January 18, 1888 Skara, Sweden	December 24, 1974 Gothenburg, Sweden	1948, 1949, 1950, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1962, 1969	[327]
	Chester Hamlin Werkman	June 17, 1893 Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States	September 10, 1962 Ames, Iowa, United States	1948, 1949, 1950, 1952	[328] Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 89] [329] Nominated jointly with Ch.H.Werkman only [330]
1949
	Harland Goff Wood	September 2, 1907 Delavan, Minnesota, United States	September 12, 1991 Cleveland, United States	1949, 1950, 1952
	Albert Kluyver	June 3, 1888 Breda, Netherlands	May 14, 1956 Delft, Netherlands	1949	Nominated jointly with Ch.H.Werkman the only time by A.I.Virtanen . [331]
	Alexander Robertus Todd	October 2, 1907 Glasgow, Scotland	January 10, 1997 Oakington, England	1949, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957	Won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 90] . [332]
	Edward Calvin Kendall	March 8, 1886 South Norwalk, United States	May 4, 1972 Princeton, New Jersey, United States	1949	Shared the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with T.Reichstein and Ph.Sh.Hench . [333]
	Edwin Joseph Cohn	December 17, 1892 New York City, United States	October 1, 1953 Boston, United States	1949	Nominated the only time by George Scatchard (1892–1973) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 91] [334] [335]
	George William Heise [336]	June 27, 1888 Milwaukee, United States	1972 United States	1949	Nominated the only time by Sherlock Swann Jr. (1900–1983) from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. [337]
	Karl Miescher	January 8, 1892 Naples, Italy	April 14, 1974 Riehen, Switzerland	1949	Nominated the only time by L.Fieser. [338]
	George Malcolm Dyson	April 5, 1902 London, England	December 16, 1978 Loughborough, England	1949	[339] Nominated jointly the only time by Ernest H. Huntress (1899–1970) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology [340]
	Friedrich Richter [341]	September 1, 1896 Berlin, Germany	November 22, 1961 Frankfurt, Germany
	Domingo Giribaldo	January 25, 1860 Pando, Uruguay	July 9, 1950 Montevideo, Uruguay	1949	First Latin American nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. [342]
	Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff	August 9, 1897 Geneva, New York, United States	November 3, 1994 Tucson, Arizona, United States	1949, 1952	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 92] [343] [344]
	David Keilin	March 21, 1887 Moscow, Russia	February 27, 1963 Cambridge, England	1949, 1950, 1954, 1955, 1960	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 93] [345] [346]
	Karl August Folkers	September 1, 1906 Decatur, Illinois, United States	December 7, 1997 New London, New Hampshire, United States	1949, 1954, 1958, 1961, 1962	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 94] [347] [348]
	Walter Reppe	July 29, 1892 Eisenach, Germany	July 26, 1969 Heidelberg, Germany	1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1966	[349]
	William Cumming Rose	April 4, 1887 Greenville, South Carolina, United States	September 25, 1985 Urbana, Illinois, United States	1949, 1950, 1957, 1959, 1962, 1966	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 95] [350] [351]
	Michael Heidelberger	April 29, 1888 New York City, United States	June 25, 1991 New York City, United States	1949, 1953, 1962, 1968	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 96] [352] [353]

1950–1959

• 1950
• 1951
• 1952
• 1953
• 1954
• 1955
• 1956
• 1957
• 1958
• 1959

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years nominated	Notes
1950
	Archer Martin	March 1, 1910 London, England	July 28, 2002 Llangarron, England	1950, 1951, 1952	[354] Shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 97] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [355]
	Richard Laurence Millington Synge	October 28, 1914 Liverpool, England	August 18, 1994 Norwich, England
	Melvin Calvin	April 8, 1911 St. Paul, Minnesota, United States	January 8, 1997 Berkeley, California, United States	1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961	Won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 98] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [356]
	Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin	May 12, 1910 Cairo, Egypt	July 29, 1994 Ilmington, England	1950, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964	Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 99] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [357]
	Robert S. Mulliken	June 7, 1896 Newburyport, Massachusetts, United States	October 31, 1986 Arlington, Virginia, United States	1950, 1957, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966	Won the 1966 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 100] [358]
	Paul Flory	June 19, 1910 Sterling, Illinois, United States	September 9, 1985 Big Sur, California, United States	1950, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970	Won the 1974 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 101] [359]
	Selman Waksman	July 22, 1888 Nova Pryluka, Ukraine	August 16, 1973 Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States	1950, 1951	Won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. [360]
	Fritz Albert Lipmann	June 12, 1899 Königsberg, Germany	July 24, 1986 Poughkeepsie, New York, United States	1950, 1952	Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. [361]
	George Beadle	October 22, 1903 Wahoo, Nebraska, United States	June 9, 1989 Pomona, California, United States	1950, 1954	Shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edw.Tatum [362]
	Thérèse Tréfouël	June 19, 1892 Paris, France	November 9, 1978 Paris, France	1950	[363] Nominated the only time jointly with J.Tréfouël [364]
	Gladwin Albert Hurst Buttle [365]	April 11, 1899 Godstone, England	May 3, 1983 Fulham, England
	Arthur Wahl	September 8, 1917 Des Moines, Iowa, United States	March 6, 2006 Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States	1950	. [366] Nominated jointly with Gl.Th.Seaborg and B.B.Cunningham the only time by Otto Hahn [367] [368] [369] [370] [371] [372]
	John Warren Hamaker	October 25, 1917 Montreal, Canada	June 13, 2000 Contra Costa County, California, United States
	Glenn E. Sheline [373]	1918 Flint, Michigan, United States	March 24, 1989 San Mateo, California, United States
	Wendell Mitchell Latimer	April 22, 1893 Garnett, Kansas, United States	July 6, 1955 Berkeley, California, United States
	Louis Werner	June 17, 1921 Idaho, United States	May 20, 2007 San Francisco, United States
	Isadore Perlman	April 12, 1915 Milwaukee, United States	August 3, 1991 Los Alamitos, California, United States
	Paul Kirk	May 9, 1902 Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States	June 5, 1970 Alameda, California, United States
	Raphael Consden [374]	1911 England	November, 1980 Taplow, England	1950, 1951	[375] Nominated jointly [376] with A.J.P.Martin only [377]
	Arthur Hugh Gordon	1916	2003 Camden Town, England
	Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang	November 29, 1896 Frederiksberg, Denmark	May 25, 1959 Copenhagen, Denmark	1950, 1953, 1956, 1958	[378]
	Edward Joseph Conway	July 3, 1894 Nenagh, Ireland	December 29, 1968 Dublin, Ireland	1950, 1959	Nominated by Thomas S. Wheeler (1899–1962) from University College Dublin only and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 102] [379] [380]
	Hermann Irving Schlesinger	October 11, 1882 Milwaukee, United States	October 3, 1960 Chicago, United States	1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961	[381]
	Choh Hao Li	April 21, 1913 Guangzhou, China	November 28, 1987 California, United States	1950, 1951, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1967	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 103] [382] First Chinese nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. [383]
	Burris Bell Cunningham	February 16, 1912 Springer, New Mexico, United States	March 28, 1971 Berkeley, California, United States	1950, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	[384]
1951
	Willard Libby	December 17, 1908 Parachute, Colorado, United States	September 8, 1980 Los Angeles, United States	1951, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960	Won the 1960 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 104] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [385]
	Max Perutz	May 19, 1914 Vienna, Austria	February 6, 2002 Cambridge, England	1951, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963	Shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with J.Kendrew [lower-alpha 105] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [386]
	Yasuhiko Asahina	April 16, 1881 Tokyo, Japan	June 30, 1975 Tokyo, Japan	1951, 1952	[387]
	Axel Edvin Lindh	January 10, 1888 Lund, Sweden	August 14, 1960 Lund, Sweden	1951, 1953	Nominated by J.Stark only. [388]
	Ian Heilbron	November 6, 1886 Glasgow, Scotland	September 14, 1959 London, England	1951, 1953	[389]
	Rudolph Peters	April 13, 1889 Kensington, England	January 29, 1982 Cambridge, England	1951, 1969	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 106] [390] [391]
1952
	Frederick Sanger	August 13, 1918 Rendcomb, England	November 19, 2013 Cambridge, England	1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958	Sanger twice won the 1958 [lower-alpha 107] and 1980 (jointly with W.Gilbert [lower-alpha 108] and P.Berg) Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [392]
	Frits Zernike	July 16, 1888 Amsterdam, Netherlands	March 10, 1966 Amersfoort, Netherlands	1952	Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physics. [393]
	Claude Hudson	January 26, 1881 Atlanta, United States	December 27, 1952 Los Angeles, United States	1952	[394]
	Walther Kossel	January 4, 1888 Berlin, Germany	May 22, 1956 Tübingen, Germany	1952	Nominated the only time by M.von Laue and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [395]
	Francis Simon	July 2, 1893 Berlin, Germany	October 31, 1956 Oxford, England	1952, 1954	Nominated by W.Jost only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [396]
	William Hume-Rothery	May 15, 1899 Worcester Park, England	September 27, 1968 Oxford, England	1952, 1957	Nominated by C.St.Smith only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [397]
	Marguerite Perey	October 19, 1909 Villemomble, France	May 13, 1975 Louveciennes, France	1952, 1958, 1961, 1965, 1966	[398]
	Lyman Craig	June 12, 1906 Palmyra Township, Warren County, Iowa, United States	July 7, 1974 Iowa, United States	1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1965, 1969	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 109] [399] [400]
	Erich Müller (probably Erwin Wilhelm Müller )	June 13, 1911 ? Berlin, Germany ?	May 17, 1977 ? Washington, D.C., United States ?	1952, 1967, 1969	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [401] [402]
	Alexander Braunstein	May 26, 1902 Kharkiv, Ukraine	July 1, 1986 Moscow, Russia	1952, 1967, 1969	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [403]
	Walter Hieber	December 18, 1895 Stuttgart, Germany	November 29, 1976 Munich, Germany	1952, 1956, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969	[404]
1953
	Emilio Segrè	January 30, 1905 Tivoli, Lazio, Italy	April 22, 1989 Lafayette, California, United States	1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958	Shared the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics with O.Chamberlain . [405]
	Øjvind Winge	May 19, 1886 Aarhus, Denmark	April 5, 1964 Copenhagen, Denmark	1953	Nominated the only time by R.Fisher. [406]
	Izaak Maurits Kolthoff	February 11, 1894 Almelo, Netherlands	March 4, 1993 St. Paul, Minnesota, United States	1953, 1963, 1970	[407]
1954
	Edward Tatum	December 14, 1909 Boulder, Colorado, United States	November 5, 1975 New York City, United States	1954	Shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with G.Beadle . [408]
	Karl Ziegler	November 26, 1898 Helsa, Germany	August 12, 1973 Mülheim, Germany	1954, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963	[409] Shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 110] [410]
1955
	Giulio Natta	February 26, 1903 Imperia, Italy	May 2, 1979 Bergamo, Italy	1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963
	George Porter	December 6, 1920 Stainforth, South Yorkshire, England	August 31, 2002 Canterbury, England	1955, 1956, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967	Shared the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with M.Eigen and R.G.Wr.Norrish [lower-alpha 111] [411]
	Lars Onsager	November 27, 1903 Kristiania, Norway	October 6, 1976 Coral Gables, Florida, United States	1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968	Won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 112] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [412]
	Louis Fieser	April 7, 1899 Columbus, Ohio, United States	July 25, 1977 Belmont, Massachusetts, United States	1955	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. "Studies on vitamin K." [413] [414]
	Josef Mattauch	November 21, 1895 Ostrava, Czechia	August 10, 1976 Klosterneuburg, Austria	1955, 1959	Nominated by Kl.Clusius only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [415]
	Félix Trombe	March 19, 1906 Nogent-sur-Marne, France	March 26, 1985 Ganties, France	1955, 1961	[416]
	Max Volmer	May 3, 1885 Hilden, Germany	June 3, 1965 Potsdam, Germany	1955, 1956, 1959, 1960, 1964, 1965	[417]
	Fritz Feigl	May 15, 1891 Vienna, Austria	January 23, 1971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	1955, 1957, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1967	[418]
	Martin Kamen	August 27, 1913 Toronto, Canada	August 31, 2002 Montecito, California, United States	1955, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1968, 1969, 1970	[419]
	John Clarke Slater	December 22, 1900 Oak Park, Illinois, United States	July 25, 1976 Sanibel Island, Florida, United States	1955, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [420]
1956
	Severo Ochoa de Albornoz	September 24, 1905 Luarca, Spain	November 1, 1993 Madrid, Spain	1956, 1957, 1958, 1959	Shared the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with A.Kornberg . [421]
	Georges Lemaître	July 17, 1894 Charleroi, Belgium	June 20, 1966 Leuven, Belgium	1956	Nominated the only time by Don Merlin Lee Yost (1893–1977) from the California Institute of Technology and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. Lemaître is the only priest nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. [422]
	Ernest Gale	July 15, 1914 Luton, England	March 7, 2005 Cambridge, England	1956	[423] Nominated jointly the only time by J.H.Northrop [424]
	Joan P. Folkes	1927 Staffordshire, England
	Boris Arbuzov	November 4, 1903 Pulawy, Poland	November 6, 1991 Kazan, Russia	1956	Nominated jointly with Al.Arbuzov the only time by M.M.Dubinin. [425]
	Aleksandr Arbuzov	October 12, 1877 Kazan, Russia	January 22, 1968 Kazan, Russia	1956, 1957, 1961, 1962, 1967, 1968	[426]
	Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat	July 29, 1910 Wrocław, Poland	April 10, 1999 Oakland, California, United States	1956, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963	[427]
	Jannik Bjerrum	April 5, 1909 Copenhagen, Denmark	August 29, 1992 Copenhagen, Denmark	1956, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967	[428]
	Friedrich Emil Brauns	1890	1982	1956	Nominated jointly with K.Freudenberg and Er.Hägglund the only time by Joseph Risi (1899–1993) from Université Laval. [429]
	Karl Freudenberg	January 29, 1886 Weinheim, Germany	April 3, 1983 Weinheim, Germany	1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	[430]
1957
	Oswald Avery	October 21, 1877 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada	February 20, 1955 Nashville, Tennessee, United States	1957	Nominated posthumously and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. "The role of DNA at pneumococcal type II to type III transition." [431] [432]
	Colin Munro MacLeod	January 28, 1909 Port Hastings, Canada	February 11, 1972 London, England	1957	[433] Nominated jointly with Osw.Avery the only time by J.H.Northrop [434]
	Maclyn McCarty	June 9, 1911 South Bend, Indiana, United States	January 2, 2005 New York City, United States
	Marietta Blau	April 29, 1894 Vienna, Austria	January 27, 1970 Vienna, Austria	1957	Nominated the only time by Erw.Schrödinger and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [435]
	Paul Henri Charpentier	November 11, 1866 Nancy, France	July 20, 1950 Aix-en-Provence, France	1957	Nominated posthumously the only time by G.Hugel from École nationale supérieure du pétrole et des combustibles liquides. [436]
	Charles DuBois Coryell	February 21, 1912 Los Angeles, United States	January 7, 1971 Lexington, Massachusetts, United States	1957	Nominated the only time by M.Perey. [437]
	Maurice-Marie Janot	November 3, 1903 Plombières-les-Bains, France	December 10, 1978 Paris, France	1957	Nominated the only time by G.Cauquil. [438]
	Aleksandr Volodymyrovych Palladin	September 10, 1885 Moscow, Russia	December 6, 1972 Kiev, Ukraine	1957	Nominated the only time by Al.Oparin. [439]
	Georg Stadnikov	January 17, 1880 Vyazovok, Ukraine	February 18, 1973 Russia	1957	Nominated the only time by W.Świętosławski. [440]
	Eric Rideal	April 11, 1890 London, England	September 25, 1974 London, England	1957	Nominated the only time by R.Barrer. [441]
	Bernard Leonard Horecker	October 31, 1914 Chicago, United States	October 10, 2010 Cypress Cove Lodge, United States	1957, 1961	[442]
	Friedrich Hund	February 4, 1896 Karlsruhe, Germany	March 31, 1997 Karlsruhe, Germany	1957, 1969	Nominated jointly with Er.Hückel only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [443]
	Erich Hückel	August 9, 1896 Berlin, Germany	February 16, 1980 Marburg, Germany	1957, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [444]
	Carl Wagner	May 25, 1901 Leipzig, Germany	December 10, 1977 Göttingen, Germany	1957, 1958, 1959, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [445] [446] [447]
1958
	Luis Federico Leloir	September 9, 1906 Paris, France	December 2, 1987 Buenos Aires, Argentina	1958, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	Won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. [lower-alpha 113] [448]
	Gerhard Herzberg	December 25, 1904 Hamburg, Germany	March 3, 1999 Ottawa, Canada	1958, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1970	Won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. [lower-alpha 114] [449]
	Vladimir Prelog	July 23, 1906 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina	January 7, 1998 Zürich, Switzerland	1958, 1959, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	Shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 115] with John Warcup Cornforth Jr. [450]
	Georg Wittig	June 16, 1897 Berlin, Germany	August 26, 1987 Heidelberg, Germany	1958, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	Shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with H.Ch.Brown [lower-alpha 116] [451]
	Maria Goeppert Mayer	June 28, 1906 Kattowitz, Germany	February 20, 1972 San Diego, California, Germany	1958	[452] Shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics [453]
	Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen	June 25, 1907 Hamburg, Germany	February 11, 1973 Heidelberg, Germany
	Bogdan Kamieński	March 14, 1897 Oswiecim, Poland	August 9, 1973 Kraków, Poland	1958	Nominated the only time by F.Polak. [454]
	Max Mousseron	May 30, 1902 Sorgues, France	March 1, 1988 Montpellier, France	1958	Nominated the only time by Adrien Perret Gentil (1901–1962) from the University of Neuchâtel. [455]
	Yoshiyuki Toyama	September 6, 1896 Tokyo, Japan	February 12, 1980 Tokyo, Japan	1958	Nominated the only time by I.Miyagawa from the Nagoya University. [456]
	Yevgeny Zavoisky	September 28, 1907 Mohyliv-Podil's'kyi, Ukraine	October 9, 1976 Moscow, Russia	1958, 1960	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [457]
	Jean Brachet	March 19, 1909 Etterbeek, Belgium	August 10, 1988 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium	1958, 1966	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [458]
	Herman Francis Mark	May 3, 1895 Vienna, Austria	April 6, 1992 Austin, Texas, United States	1958, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too. [459] [460]
	Gerold Schwarzenbach	March 15, 1904 Horgen, Switzerland	May 20, 1978 Zürich, Switzerland	1958, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1970	[461]
1959
	John Kendrew	March 24, 1917 Oxford, England	August 23, 1997 Cambridge, England	1959, 1961, 1962, 1963	Shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with M.Perutz [lower-alpha 105] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too [462]
	Arthur Kornberg	March 3, 1918 New York City, United States	October 26, 2007 Palo Alto, United States	1959	Shared the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with S.Ochoa. [463]
	Feodor Lynen	April 6, 1911 Munich, Germany	August 6, 1979 Munich, Germany	1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965	Shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with K.Bloch. [464]
	David Ezra Green	August 5, 1910 New York City, United States	July 8, 1983 Madison, Wisconsin, United States	1959	Nominated jointly with F.Lynen the only time by Padubidri Subbaraya Sarma (1917–1970) from the University of Madras. [465]
	Francis Owen Rice	May 20, 1890 Liverpool, England	March 15, 1989 Indiana, United States	1959	Nominated the only time by Charles Alexander McDowell (1918–2001) from the University of British Columbia. [466]
	Günter Scheibe	November 24, 1893 Munich, Germany	May 31, 1980 Stuttgart, Germany	1959	Nominated the only time by Otto Neunhoeffer. [467]
	Frederick Rossini	July 18, 1899 Monongahela, Pennsylvania, United States	October 12, 1990 Juno Beach, Florida, United States	1959	[468] Nominated jointly the only time by Edouard Jean-Pierre Calvet (1895–1966) from the Aix-Marseille University [469]
	Jean Marcel Albert Chedin	August 29, 1908 Bourges, France	October 6, 1990 Paris, France
	Bror Alexander Ludvig Holmberg	July 30, 1881 Blekinge, Sweden	September 7, 1966 Stockholm, Sweden	1959	Nominated jointly with W.Kuhn and H.Meerwein the only time by Karl Freudenberg. [470]
	Egon Wiberg	June 3, 1901 Güstrow, Germany	November 24, 1976 Munich, Germany	1959, 1965	[471]
	William Gardner Pfann	October 27, 1917 Brooklyn, United States	October 22, 1982 New York, United States	1959, 1960, 1965, 1966, 1968	[472]
	Walter Hans Schottky	July 23, 1886 Zürich, Switzerland	March 4, 1976 Pretzfeld, Germany	1959, 1966, 1969	Nominated jointly with Carl Wagner only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [473]
	Michael Polanyi	March 11, 1891 Budapest, Hungary	February 22, 1976 Northampton, England	1959, 1960, 1967, 1970 [lower-alpha 117]	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [474]

1960–1969

• 1960
• 1961
• 1962
• 1963
• 1964
• 1965
• 1966
• 1967
• 1968
• 1969

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1960
	Derek Barton	September 8, 1918 Gravesend, England	March 16, 1998 College Station, Texas, United States	1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969	[475] Shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 118] [476]
	Odd Hassel	May 17, 1897 Oslo, Norway	May 11, 1981 Oslo, Norway	1960, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969
	Ilya Prigogine	January 25, 1917 Moscow, Russia	May 28, 2003 Brussels, Belgium	1960, 1966	Won the 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 119] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [477]
	James Watson	April 6, 1928 Chicago, United States		1960, 1962 [lower-alpha 120]	[478] [lower-alpha 121] Shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [479] [lower-alpha 122] [480] [lower-alpha 123]
	Francis Crick	June 8, 1916 Weston Favell, England	July 28, 2004 San Diego, United States
	Maurice Wilkins	December 15, 1916 Pongaroa, New Zealand	October 5, 2004 London, England
	Alfred Hershey	December 4, 1908 Owosso, Michigan, United States	May 22, 1997 Syosset, New York, United States	1960, 1969	Shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with M.Delbrück and S.Luria. [481]
	Wilhelm Gerard Burgers	August 16, 1897 Arnhem, Netherlands	September 24, 1988 Amsterdam, Netherlands	1960	Nominated the only time by Ant.El. (Toos) Korvezee. [482]
	Martin Deutsch	January 29, 1917 Vienna, Austria	August 16, 2002 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	1960	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [483]
	Roger John Williams	August 14, 1893 Ooty, India	February 20, 1988 Austin, Texas, United States	1960	[484]
	Andrew Benson	September 24, 1917 Modesto, California, United States	January 16, 2015 La Jolla, United States	1960	Only nominated with M.Calvin and for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [485]
	Howard Cary	May 3, 1908 Los Angeles, United States	December 20, 1991 Orange, California, United States	1960	[486] Nominated jointly the only time by Wouter (Wout) Berends (1914–1990) from the Delft University of Technology [487]
	Arnold Orville Beckman	April 10, 1900 Cullom, Illinois, United States	May 18, 2004 La Jolla, United States
	Jo Engl	August 6, 1893 Munich, Germany	April 8, 1942 New York City, United States	1960	[488] Nominated jointly (Engl&Massolle - posthumously) the only time by Albert Narath (1900–1974) from Technical University of Berlin [489] [490]
	Joseph Massolle	March 24, 1889 Bielefeld, Germany	April 2, 1957 Berlin, Germany
	Hans Vogt	September 25, 1890 Rehau, Germany	December 4, 1979 Obernzell, Germany
	Martha Cowles Chase	November 30, 1927 Cleveland, Ohio, United States	August 8, 2003 Lorain, Ohio, United States	1960	Nominated jointly with A.Hershey , A.Gierer, H.Fraenkel-Conrat and G.Schramm the only time by J.H.Northrop . [491]
	Alfred Gierer	April 15, 1929 Berlin, Germany		1960, 1962	Nominated by J.H.Northrop only. [492]
	John G. Aston	1903 United States	August 6, 1990 State College, Pennsylvania, United States [493]	1960, 1966	[494]
	Gerhard Schramm	June 27, 1910 Kanagawa, Japan	February 3, 1969 Tübingen, Germany	1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968	[495]
	Manfred Eigen	May 9, 1927 Bochum, Germany	February 6, 2019 Göttingen, Germany	1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967	[496] Shared the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with G.Porter [lower-alpha 111] [497]
1961
	Ronald George Wreyford Norrish	November 9, 1897 Cambridge, England	June 7, 1978 Cambridge, England	1961, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967
	Konrad Emil Bloch	January 21, 1912 Nysa, Poland	October 15, 2000 Burlington, Massachusetts, United States	1961, 1962, 1963, 1964	Shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with F.Lynen. [498]
	Torbjörn Caspersson	October 15, 1910 Motala, Sweden	December 7, 1997 Stockholm, Sweden	1961	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 124] [499] [500]
	Pierre Van Rysselberghe	May 18, 1905 Brussels, Belgium	1977 United States [501]	1961	Nominated the only time by Giuseppe Bianchi (1919–1996) from University of Milan. [502]
	Efraim Racker	June 28, 1913 Nowy Sacz, Poland	September 9, 1991 Syracuse, New York, United States	1961	Nominated jointly with L.F.Leloir and B.L.Horecker the only time by F.M.Haurowitz. [503]
	Robert Corey	August 19, 1897 Springfield (Massachusetts), United States	April 23, 1971 Pasadena, California, United States	1961, 1962	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [504]
	Bo Lars Gunnar Sillén	July 11, 1916 Stockholm, Sweden	July 23, 1970 Stockholm, Sweden	1961, 1964, 1965	[505]
	Britton Chance	July 24, 1913 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States	November 16, 2010 Philadelphia, United States	1961, 1964, 1965, 1966	[506]
	Georges Chaudron	April 29, 1891 Fontenay-sous-Bois, France	March 4, 1976 Paris, France	1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968	[507]
	Daniel Israel Arnon	November 14, 1910 Warsaw, Poland	December 20, 1994 Berkeley, California, United States	1961, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	[508]
	Johannes Martin Bijvoet	January 23, 1982 Amsterdam, Netherlands	March 4, 1980 Winterswijk, Netherlands	1961, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	[509]
	Harry George Drickamer	November 19, 1918 Cleveland, Ohio, United States	May 6, 2002 Urbana, Illinois, United States	1961, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	[510]
	Leslie Orgel	January 12, 1927 London, England	October 27, 2007 San Diego, United States	1961, 1970	[511]
1962
	Ernst Otto Fischer	November 10, 1918 Munich, Germany	July 23, 2007 Munich, Germany	1962, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	Shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with G.Wilkinson. [lower-alpha 125] [512]
	Louis Néel	November 22, 1904 Lyon, France	November 17, 2000 Brive-la-Gaillarde, France	1962, 1964	Won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics. [513]
	Nikolay Vasilyevich Belov	December 14, 1891 Janow Lubelski, Poland	March 6, 1982 Moscow, Russia	1962	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [514]
	Peter Pauson	July 30, 1925 Bamberg, Germany	December 10, 2013 Glasgow, Scotland	1962	[515]
	Maurice Stacey	April 8, 1907 Shropshire, England	October 9, 1994 Birmingham, England	1962	Nominated the only time by John Colin Tatlow (1923–2008) from the University of Birmingham. [516]
	Tadeusz Urbanski	October 26, 1901 Krasnodar, Russia	May 29, 1985 Warsaw, Poland	1962	Nominated the only time by F.Polak. [517]
	Karl-Wolfgang Mundry	March 16, 1927 Hildesheim, Germany	May 6, 2009 Stuttgart, Germany	1962	Nominated jointly with A.Gierer the only time by J.H.Northrop . [518]
	Clemens Josef Schöpf	August 12, 1899 Gersfeld, Germany	December 17, 1970 Darmstadt, Germany	1962	[519]
	Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov	August 21, 1895 Tutayev, Russia	November 16, 1975 Moscow, Russia	1962, 1964, 1965	[520]
	Carl Djerassi	October 29, 1923 Vienna, Austria	January 30, 2015 San Francisco, United States	1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970	[521]
	Louis Plack Hammett	April 7, 1894 Wilmington, Delaware, United States	February 9, 1987 Medford, New Jersey, United States	1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	[522]
	Sanʼichirō Mizushima	March 21, 1899 Tokyo, Japan	August 3, 1983 Tokyo, Japan	1962, 1964, 1967, 1968, 1970	[523]
1963
	Herbert Charles Brown	May 22, 1912 London, England	December 19, 2004 Lafayette, Indiana, United States	1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969	Shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with G.Wittig. [lower-alpha 116] [524]
	Har Gobind Khorana	January 9, 1922 Raipur, Pakistan	November 9, 2011 Concord, Massachusetts, United States	1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968	Shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with M.W.Nirenberg and R.W.Holley. [525]
	Wilhelm Ludwig August Geilmann	May 16, 1891 Unterrieden, Germany	May 24, 1967 Mainz, Germany	1963	Nominated the only time by Fr.Strassmann. [526]
	Dionýz Ilkovič	January 18, 1907 Šarišský Štiavnik, Slovakia	August 3, 1980 Bratislava, Slovakia	1963	Nominated the only time by Pandarinath Bhuvanendra Janardhan (b.1921) from the University of Madras. [527]
	Noel Bryan Slater	July 29, 1912 Blackburn, England	January 31, 1973 London, England	1963	Nominated the only time by René Gibert (1908–1968) from École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques. [528]
	Gunnar Blix	September 7, 1894 Lund, Sweden	June 10, 1981 Uppsala, Sweden	1963	[529] Nominated jointly the only time by Serge David (1921–2013) from École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques [530]
	Ernst Klenk	October 14, 1896 Pfalzgrafenweiler, Germany	December 29, 1971 Cologne, Germany
	Stanley Bruckenstein [531]	November 1, 1927 New York City, United States		1963	Nominated jointly with Iz.Kolthoff the only time by J.Koskikallio. [532]
	James Baddiley	May 15, 1918 Manchester, England	November 17, 2008 Cambridge, England	1963, 1968	[533] [534]
	John Monteath Robertson	July 24, 1900 Auchterarder, Scotland	September 27, 1989 Inverness, Scotland	1963, 1969	[535]
	Edgar Bright Wilson Jr.	December 18, 1908 Gallatin, Tennessee, United States	June 12, 1992 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	1963, 1969	Nominated jointly with G.Herzberg only. [536]
	Fritz Arndt	July 6, 1885 Hamburg, Germany	December 8, 1969 Hamburg, Germany	1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969	Nominated by K.Freudenberg only. [537]
	Alberte Bucher Pullman	August 26, 1920 Nantes, France	January 7, 2011 Paris, France	1963, 1965, 1968, 1969	[538] Only nominated jointly [539]
	Bernard Pullman	March 19, 1919 Wloclawek, Poland	June 9, 1996 Paris, France
	Neil Bartlett	September 15, 1932 Newcastle upon Tyne, England	August 5, 2008 Walnut Creek, California, United States	1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	[540]
	Alfred Valentin Champagnat	November 2, 1908 Marseille, France	December 13, 1984 Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, France	1963, 1966, 1970	[541]
	Saul Winstein	October 8, 1912 Montreal, Canada	November 23, 1969 Los Angeles, United States	1963, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	[542]
1964
	Edmund Hirst	July 21, 1898 Lancashire, England	October 29, 1975 Edinburgh, Scotland	1934, [lower-alpha 2] 1964	[543]
	Charles Coulson	December 13, 1910 Dudley, England	January 7, 1974 Oxford, England	1964	Nominated the only time by H.Erlenmeyer. [544]
	Gopalasamudram Narayana Ramachandran	October 8, 1922 Ernakulam, India	April 7, 2001 Chennai, India	1964	Nominated the only time by C. V. Raman . [545]
	Émile-Florent Terroine	January 21, 1882 Paris, France	October 24, 1974 Paris, France	1964	Nominated the only time by Paul V. Creach from the University of Bordeaux. [546]
	Paul Zamecnik	November 22, 1912 Cleveland, Ohio, United States	October 27, 2009 Boston, United States	1964	Nominated the only time by V.Koningsberger. [547]
	Kazuo Yamafuji (山藤 一雄 ヤマフジ カズオ)	1906	1987	1964	[548]
	Arthur Holmes	January 14, 1890 Hebburn, England	September 20, 1965 London, England	1964, 1965	Nominated jointly with Al.P.Vinogradov by N.N.Semenov only. [549]
	John Gunnar Malm	June 24, 1921 Chicago, United States	May 11, 1999 Naperville, Illinois, United States [550]	1964, 1965, 1966	[551] Only nominated jointly [552] [553] [554] [555]
	Howard H. Claassen	1918 Hillsboro, Kansas, United States	December 27, 2010 Tacoma, Washington, United States [556]
	Henry H. Selig	1927 Frankfurt, Germany	October 21, 2014 [557]
	Alexander Oparin	March 2, 1894 Uglich, Russia	April 21, 1980 Moscow, Russia	1964, 1969	Nominated by Ern.Kahane only. [558]
	Georg-Maria Schwab	February 3, 1899 Berlin, Germany	December 23, 1984 Munich, Germany	1964, 1969	[559]
	Efraim Katchalski-Katzir	May 16, 1916 Kiev, Ukraine	May 30, 2009 Rehovot, Israel	1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	4th President of the Israel (1973 – 1978). [560]
	Bernd Theodor Matthias	June 8, 1918 Frankfurt, Germany	October 27, 1980 La Jolla, United States	1964, 1966, 1970	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [561]
	František Šorm	February 28, 1913 Prague, Czechia	November 18, 1980 Prague, Czechia	1964, 1967, 1970	[562] [563]
1965
	John Warcup Cornforth Jr.	September 7, 1917 Sydney, Australia	December 8, 2013 Sussex, England	1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	Shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 126] with Vl.Prelog [564]
	Jacques Monod	February 9, 1910 Paris, France	May 31, 1976 Cannes, France	1965	[565] Shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with A.Lwoff [566]
	J Jacob	June 17, 1920 Nancy, France	April 19, 2013 Paris, France
	Paul Doughty Bartlett	August 14, 1907 Ann Arbor, United States	October 11, 1997 Lexington, Massachusetts, United States	1965	Nominated the only time by Ch.C.Price, III. [567]
	Salomon S. Cohen (prob. Seymour Stanley Cohen )	April 30, 1917 Brooklyn, USA	December 30, 2018	1965	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [568]
	Oganes K. Davtyan	April 15, 1911 Akhuryan, Armenia [569]	December 28, 1990 Yerevan, Armenia	1965	Nominated the only time by W.Tomassi. [570]
	Ulick Richardson Evans	March 31, 1889 London, England	April 3, 1980 Cambridge, England	1965	Nominated the only time by Karl Gustaf (Gösta) Wranglén (b.1923) from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology. [571]
	Stanley George Mason	March 20, 1914 Montreal, Canada	April 21, 1987 Quebec, Canada	1965	Nominated the only time by Bruce Lionel Funt (1924–2013) from the University of Manitoba. [572]
	Geoffrey Ingram Taylor	March 7, 1886 London, England	June 27, 1975 Cambridge, England	1965	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [573]
	Henrik Gunnar Lundegårdh	October 23, 1888 Stockholm, Sweden	November 19, 1969 Norrtälje, Sweden	1965	Nominated jointly with D.I.Arnon the only time by M.G.Stålfelt. [574]
	Leonard (Len) E. Mortenson	1928 Melrose, Massachusetts, United States	October 30, 2017 Willow Street, Pennsylvania, United States [575]	1965	[576] Nominated jointly [577] the only time by C.Martius from ETH Zurich [578] [579]
	Raymond Carlyle Valentine	September 20, 1936 Piatt County, Illinois, United States
	James Elliot Carnahan	January 26, 1920 Outagamie County, Wisconsin, United States	March 25, 1996 Stanton, Delaware, United States [580]
	Erwin Chargaff	August 11, 1905 Chernivtsi, now Ukraine	June 20, 2002 New York City, United States	1965, 1967	Nominated by Warren Myron Sperry (1900–1990) from the New York State Psychiatric Institute only. [581]
	Jean Roche	January 14, 1901 Sorgues, France	May 24, 1992 Montpellier, France	1965, 1966, 1967	Nominated by C.Heymans only. [582]
	Ivan Stranski	January 2, 1897 Sofia, Bulgaria	June 19, 1979 Sofia, Bulgaria	1965, 1967	Nominated by G.-M.Schwab only. [583]
	André Guinier	August 1, 1911 Nancy, France	July 3, 2000 Paris, France	1965	Nominated the only time by Otto Kratky. [584]
	Otto Kratky	March 9, 1902 Vienna, Austria	February 11, 1995 Graz, Austria	1965, 1967, 1968, 1969	[585]
	Alan Walsh	December 19, 1916 Hoddlesden, England	August 3, 1998 Melbourne, Australia	1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969	[586]
	Albert Eschenmoser	August 5, 1925 Erstfeld, Switzerland	July 14, 1923	1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970	[587]
	Charles Prévost	March 20, 1899 Champlitte, France	July 11, 1983 Paris, France	1965, 1966, 1969, 1970	[588]
	Rudolf Hoppe	October 29, 1922 Wittenberge, Germany	November 24, 2014 Giessen, Germany	1965, 1967, 1970	Nominated jointly with N.Bartlett only. [589]
	George Joseph Popják	May 5, 1914 Kiskundorozsma, Hungary	December 30, 1998 Westwood, Los Angeles, United States	1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	Nominated jointly with J.W.Cornforth Jr. only. [590]
	Rudolf Criegee	May 23, 1902 Düsseldorf, Germany	November 7, 1975 Karlsruhe, Germany	1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	[591]
	Alfred Rieche	April 28, 1902 Dortmund, Germany	November 6, 2001 Berlin, Germany		Nominated jointly with G.Wittig and Rudolf Criegee by K.Freudenberg only. [592]
	Marshall Warren Nirenberg	April 10, 1927 New York City, United States	January 15, 2010 New York City, United States	1965, 1966, 1967, 1968	[593] Shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H.G.Khorana [594]
1966
	Robert William Holley	January 28, 1922 Urbana, Illinois, United States	February 11, 1993 Los Gatos, California, United States	1966, 1967, 1968
	Stanford Moore	September 4, 1913 Chicago, United States	August 23, 1982 New York City, United States	1966, 1970	[595] Shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 127] with Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Jr. and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [596]
	William Howard Stein	June 25, 1911 New York City, United States	February 2, 1980 New York City, United States
	Richard Barrer	June 16, 1910 Wellington, New Zealand	September 12, 1996 Chislehurst, England	1966	Nominated the only time by F.Polak. [597]
	Bernard Halpern	November 2, 1904 Tarnoruda, now Ukraine	September 23, 1978 Paris, France	1966	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too [lower-alpha 128] [598] [599]
	Kurt Bruno Hannig [600]	May 26, 1920 Liberec, Czechia	January 20, 1993	1966	Nominated the only time by R.L.M.Synge . [601]
	James Franklin Hyde	March 11, 1903 Solvay, New York, United States	October 11, 1999 Marco Island, Florida, United States	1966	Nominated the only time by E.G.Rochow. [602]
	Arthur Lüttringhaus	July 6, 1906 Cologne, Germany	May 27, 1992 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany	1966	Nominated the only time by P.Ad.Thiessen. [603]
	Edwin Theodore Mertz	December 6, 1909 Missoula, Montana, United States	February 1, 1999 Richardson, Texas, United States	1966	Nominated the only time by Gerard R. Pomerat (1901–1980) from the Rockefeller Foundation. [604]
	Laurens Lambertus Marie van Deenen	August 14, 1928 Maastricht, Netherlands	September 4, 1994 Bilthoven, Netherlands	1966 [lower-alpha 129]	[605] [lower-alpha 130] Nominated jointly the only time by Leonard Saunders from UCL School of Pharmacy [606] [lower-alpha 131]
	G. Horrëus de Haas [607]	September 20, 1931 The Hague, Netherlands	November 26, 2006 Utrecht, Netherlands
	Charles Louis Marie Claude Vernet	January 12, 1924 Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne, France	March 31, 2015 Avignon, France	1966	[608] Nominated jointly [609] with Alfred V. Champagnat the only time by R.Schultze [610] [611]
	Bernard Maurice Lainé	April 4, 1933 Paris, France	January 13, 2013 Paris, France
	Jean Antoine Filosa	May 29, 1930 Marseille, France	September 16, 2022 La Canourgue, France
	Thiruvengadam Rajendram Seshadri	February 3, 1900 Kulithalai, India	September 27, 1975 New Delhi, India	1966, 1968	[612]
	Kenneth Pitzer	January 6, 1914 Pomona, California, United States	December 26, 1997 Berkeley, California, United States	1966, 1967, 1968, 1969	[613]
	Robert Schwyzer	December 8, 1920 Zürich, Switzerland	September 29, 2015 Bülach, Switzerland	1966, 1969, 1970	Nominated by P.Karrer only. [614]
	Sol Spiegelman	December 14, 1914 Brooklyn, United States	January 20, 1983 New York City, United States	1966, 1970	[615]
1967
	Geoffrey Wilkinson	July 14, 1921 Todmorden, West Riding of Yorkshire, England	September 26, 1996 London, England	1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	Shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Ern.Ot.Fischer [lower-alpha 125] . [616]
	Robert Bruce Merrifield	July 15, 1921 Fort Worth, Texas, United States	May 14, 2006 Cresskill, New Jersey, United States	1967, 1968, 1969, 1970	Won the 1984 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 132] [617]
	George Wald	November 18, 1906 New York City, United States	April 12, 1997 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	1967	Shared the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with R.Arth.Granit and H.K.Hartline. [618]
	Manuel Ballester Boix	June 27, 1919 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain	April 5, 2005	1967	Nominated the only time by Ángel Vian Ortuño. [619]
	Jean Lecomte	August 5, 1898	March 28, 1979	1967	Nominated the only time by Clément Raymond François Courty (b.1902) from the University of Lyon. [620]
	Max Rudolf "Rudi" Lemberg	October 19, 1896 Breslau, now Poland	April 10, 1975 Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia	1967	Nominated the only time by Benoit Wurtz from the University of Strasbourg. [621]
	James Joseph Lingane [622]	September 13, 1909 Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States	March 14, 1994 Lexington, Massachusetts, United States	1967	Nominated the only time by P.B.Janardhan from the University of Madras. [623]
	Richard Alan Morton [624]	September 22, 1899 Liverpool, England	January 21, 1977 Liverpool, England	1967	Nominated the only time by W.Ch.Evans. [625]
	Giorgio Piccardi	October 13, 1895 Florence, Italy	December 22, 1972 Riccione, Italy	1967	Nominated the only time by D.Marotta. [626]
	Hans Eduard Schmid	March 24, 1917 Gränichen, Switzerland	December 19, 1976 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland	1967	Nominated the only time by Em.Cherbuliez. [627]
	Frank Harold Spedding	October 22, 1902 Hamilton, Ontario, Canada	December 15, 1984 Ames, Iowa, United States	1967	[628]
	Ahmed Riad (Reyad) Tourky [629]	March 16, 1902 Tanta, Egypt	January 17, 1971 Cairo, Egypt	1967	Nominated the only time by Abdel Aziz Ali Mousa (1915–1979) from the University of Cairo. [630]
	Ellison Hall Taylor [631]	September 6, 1913 Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States	May 31, 2008 Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States	1967	[632] Nominated jointly the only time by E.Wigner [633]
	Sheldon Datz	July 21, 1927 New York City, United States	August 15, 2001 Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
	Mary Belle Allen	November 11, 1922 Morristown, New Jersey	1973 Fairbanks, Alaska	1967	[634] Nominated jointly with D.I.Arnon the only time by J.H.Northrop [635]
	Frederick Robert Whatley	January 26, 1924 Wilton, Wiltshire, England	November 14, 2020
	Stephen Brunauer	February 12, 1903 Budapest, Hungary	July 6, 1986 Potsdam, New York, United States	1967	[636] Nominated jointly with Edward Teller the only time by R.I.Razouk from the Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt [637]
	Paul Hugh Emmett	September 22, 1900 Portland, Oregon, United States	April 22, 1985 Portland, Oregon, United States
	Edward Teller	January 15, 1908 Budapest, Hungary	September 9, 2003 Stanford, California, United States		Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [638]
	Esmond Emerson Snell	September 22, 1914 Salt Lake City, Utah, United States	December 9, 2003 Boulder, Colorado, United States	1967, 1969	Nominated jointly with Al.E.Braunstein only. [639]
	Frank Albert Cotton	April 9, 1930 Philadelphia, PA, United States	February 20, 2007 College Station, TX, United States	1967, 1970	[640]
1968
	Donald James Cram	April 22, 1919 Chester, Vermont, United States	June 17, 2001 Palm Desert, California, United States	1968, 1969	Shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with J.-M.Lehn and Ch.J.Pedersen [lower-alpha 133] [641]
	George Andrew Olah	May 22, 1927 Budapest, Hungary	March 8, 2017 Beverly Hills, California, United States	1968, 1969	Won the 1994 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 134] [642]
	Erika Cremer	May 20, 1900 Munich, Germany	September 21, 1996 Innsbruck, Austria	1968	Nominated the only time by Fr.X.M.Th.Patat. [643]
	Kenneth George Denbigh	May 30, 1911 Luton, England	January 23, 2004 London, England	1968	Nominated the only time by Joseph (Jean?) Cathala (1892–1969) from the l’École nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en génie chimique, Toulouse. [644]
	Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder	May 27, 1911 Baltimore, Maryland, United States	March 30, 1990 Madison, Wisconsin, United States	1968	Nominated the only time by Arthur Neville Hambly (1909–1996) from the Australian National University, Canberra. [645]
	Eugene Patrick Kennedy	September 4, 1919 United States	September 22, 2011 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	1968	Nominated the only time by Samuel B. Weiss (b.1925) from the University of Chicago. [646]
	Kozyrev, Boris Mikhaylovich	May 4, 1905 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan	October 21, 1979 Kazan, Russia	1968	Nominated the only time by M.Dole. [647]
	Alfred O. C. Nier	May 28, 1911 St. Paul, Minnesota, United States	May 16, 1994 Hennepin County Medical Center, United States	1968	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [648] [649]
	Eiji Ochiai [650]	June 26, 1898 Chiba, Japan	November 4, 1974	1968	Nominated the only time by Shuzo Shibata (b.1924) from the Shizuoka University. [651]
	Eugene George Rochow	October 4, 1909 Newark, New Jersey, United States	March 21, 2002 Fort Myers, Florida, United States	1968	Nominated the only time by H.Schäfer. [652]
	Einar August Stenhagen	April 6, 1911 Söderala, Sweden	December 14, 1973 Mölndal, Sweden	1968	Nominated the only time by Jean Asselineau (1921–2013) from the University of Toulouse. [653]
	Hans Tuppy	July 22, 1924 Vienna, Austria		1968	Nominated the only time by F.K.L.Machatschki. [654]
	Anthony Leonid Turkevich	July 23, 1916 Manhattan, New York, United States	September 7, 2002 Lexington, Virginia, United States	1968	[655]
	David Warren Turner	July 16, 1927 Leigh-on-Sea, England		1968 [lower-alpha 135]	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too [656] [lower-alpha 136]
	Otto Hermann Eduard Westphal	February 1, 1913 Berlin, Germany	September 14, 2004 Montreux, Switzerland	1968	Nominated jointly with M.Heidelberger the only time by H.Alb.C.Albers. [657]
	Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky	September 15, 1914 Łódź, Poland	May 30, 1972 Ben Gurion International Airport, Israel	1968	Nominated jointly with Efr.Katchalski the only time by L.Lorand. [658]
	Brian Edward Cross [659]	October 9, 1923		1968	[660] Nominated jointly [661] the only time by Kozo Hirota from the Osaka University [662] [663]
	Yusuke Sumiki [664]	February 10, 1901	September 11, 1974
	Teijirō Yabuta	December 16, 1888 Ōtsu, Japan	July 20, 1977 Tokyo, Japan
	Bernard Lewis	1899 London, England	May 23, 1993 Pittsburgh, United States	1968	[665] Nominated jointly with Al.Frumkin the only time by N.N.Semyonov [666]
	Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich	March 8, 1914 Minsk, Belarus	December 2, 1987 Moscow, Russia
	Léon Velluz [667]	July 31, 1904 Bourg-en-Bresse, France	May 28, 1981 Paris, France	1968	[668] Nominated jointly [669] the only time by P.Bédos from the University of Toulouse [670] [671]
	Maurice Legrand
	Marc Grosjean
	Klaus Biemann	November 2, 1926 Innsbruck, Austria	June 2, 2016 Brunswick, Maine, United States	1968, 1969, 1970	[672]
	Arie Jan Haagen-Smit	December 22, 1900 Utrecht, Netherlands	March 17, 1977 Pasadena, California, United States	1968, 1970	[673]
	Henri Normant [674]	June 25, 1907 Plozévet, France	December 5, 1997 Paris, France	1968, 1969, 1970	[675]
	Ivo Zvara	June 11, 1934 Veliny, Czechia	December 27, 2021	1968	Nominated jointly with G.N.Flerov the only time by Russian academician A.W.Nikolajev. [676]
	Georgy Nikolayevich Flerov	March 2, 1913 Rostov-on-Don, Russia	November 19, 1990 Moscow, Russia	1968, 1969	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [677]
1969
	Konstantin Antonovich Petrzhak (Pietrzak)	September 4, 1907 Łuków, now Poland	October 10, 1998 Saint Petersburg, Russia	1969	Nominated jointly with G.N.Flerov the only time by I.V.Petrjanov-Sokolov. [678]
	Roald Hoffmann (born Roald Safran)	July 18, 1937 Złoczów, now Ukraine		1969 [lower-alpha 137]	Shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with K.Fukui [lower-alpha 138] [679] [lower-alpha 139]
	Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn	April 20, 1918 Lund, Sweden	July 20, 2007 Ängelholm, Sweden	1969, 1970	Won the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physics. [680]
	Horace Albert "Nook" Barker	November 29, 1907 Oakland, California, United States	December 24, 2000 Berkeley, California, United States	1969	Nominated the only time by Isr.R.Lehman. [681]
	Francis Pettit Bundy	September 1, 1910 Columbus, Ohio, United States	February 23, 2008 Lebanon, Ohio, United States	1969	Nominated the only time by Alfr.R.J.P.Ubbelohde. [682]
	Raymond Jean Calas [683]	April 8, 1914 Montpellier, France	September 28, 1996	1969	Nominated the only time by G.Cauquil. [684]
	Harry Julius Emeléus	June 22, 1903 Poplar, London, England	December 2, 1993 Cambridge, England	1969	Nominated the only time by L.Kolditz. [685]
	Theodor Förster	May 15, 1910 Frankfurt am Main, Germany	May 20, 1974 Stuttgart, Germany	1969	Nominated the only time by G.Porter . [686]
	Rolf Huisgen	June 13, 1920 Gerolstein, Germany	March 26, 2020 Munich, Germany	1969	Nominated the only time by E.Lippert. [687]
	Charles Lambert Marie Joseph Manneback	March 9, 1894 Etterbeek, Belgium	December 15, 1975 Etterbeek, Belgium	1969	Nominated the only time by J.De Clerck. [688]
	David Nachmansohn	March 17, 1899 Ekaterinoslav, now Ukraine	November 2, 1983 New York City, United States	1969	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine too. [689]
	Roberto Piontelli [690]	May 11, 1909 Lodi, Lombardy, Italy	October 15, 1971 Milan, Italy	1969	[691]
	Eugene Rabinowitch	April 27, 1901 Saint Petersburg, Russia	May 15, 1973 Washington, D.C., United States	1969	Nominated the only time by Jan Bartholomeus Thomas (1907–1991) from the Utrecht University. [692]
	Petr Aleksandrovich Rebinder	October 3, 1898 Saint Petersburg, Russia	July 12, 1972 Moscow, Russia	1969	Nominated the only time by László Erdey (1910–1970) from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. [693]
	Horst Tobias Witt	March 1, 1922 Bremen, Germany	May 14, 2007 Berlin, Germany	1969	Nominated the only time by A.Henglein. [694]
	Melville Lawrence Wolfrom	April 2, 1900 Bellevue, Ohio, United States	June 20, 1969 Columbus, Ohio, United States	1969	Nominated the only time by Alex (Elion) Rosenthal (1914–2012) from the University of British Columbia. [695]
	Helmut Zahn	June 13, 1916 Erlangen, Germany	November 14, 2004 Aachen, Germany	1969	Nominated the only time by Otto Kratky. [696]
	László Zechmeister	May 14, 1889 Győr, Hungary	February 28, 1972 Pasadena, California, United States	1969	Nominated the only time by Zoltan Csürös (1901–1979) from the Technical University of Budapest. [697]
	Jacques Bénard	December 12, 1912 Blois, France	October 4, 1987 Bourg-la-Reine, France	1969	[698] Jointly nominated the only time by Michel Destriau (1928–2010) from the University of Bordeaux [699]
	Adolphe (Emile Philippe) Van Tiggelen	December 2, 1914 Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, Belgium	November 2, 1969 Leuven, Belgium
	John Machlin Buchanan	September 29, 1917 Winamac, Indiana, United States	June 25, 2007 Burlington, Massachusetts, United States	1969	Nominated jointly with L.F.Leloir the only time by A.B.Pardee. [700]
	Egon Peter Gustav Stahl	October 18, 1924 Eberbach (Baden), Germany	September 5, 1986 Eberbach (Baden), Germany	1969	Nominated jointly with Otto Kratky the only time by E.Schauenstein. [701]
	Franz Sondheimer	May 17, 1926 Stuttgart, Germany	February 11, 1981 Stanford University, United States	1969	Nominated jointly with G.Wittig the only time by Al.Schönberg. [702]
	Marc Julia	October 23, 1922 Paris, France	June 29, 2010 Paris, France	1969	Nominated jointly with H.C.Brown and C.Djerassi the only time by Gérard Etienne Louis Lamaty (1930–2012) from the University of Montpellier. [703]
	Costin D. Neniţescu	July 15, 1902 Bucharest, Romania	July 28, 1970 Bușteni, Romania	1969	[704] Nominated jointly with R.Criegee the only time by P.D.Bartlett [705]
	Rowland Pettit	February 6, 1927 Port Lincoln, Australia	December 10, 1981 Austin, Texas, United States
	Friedrich Wilhelm Jost	June 15, 1903 Friedberg, Hesse, Germany	September 23, 1988 Göttingen, Germany	1969	Nominated jointly with W.H.Schottky and C.W.Wagner the only time by H.Witte. [706]
	Albert Kirrmann	June 28, 1900 Strasbourg, France	March 10, 1974	1969	Nominated jointly with Chr.K.Ingold, L.Pl.Hammett and Ch.Prévost the only time by Alb.Bruylants. [707]
	Harden M. McConnell	July 18, 1927 Richmond, Virginia, United States	October 8, 2014	1969, 1970	[708]
	Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov	September 9, 1899 Moscow, Russia	January 17, 1980 Moscow, Russia	1969, 1970	[709]
	Gilbert Stork	December 31, 1921 Brussels, Belgium	October 21, 2017 United States	1969, 1970	[710]
	Pehr Victor Edman	April 14, 1916 Stockholm, Sweden	March 19, 1977 Munich, Germany	1969, 1970	Nominated jointly with R.Br.Merrifield and J.Porath by T.Cl.Laurent only. [711]
	Jerker Porath	October 23, 1921 Sala, Sweden	January 21, 2016 Lund, Sweden		[712]

1970–1972

Nominees are published 50 years later so 1971 nominees should be published in 2022.

• 1970
• 1971
• 1972

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1970
	Jerome Karle	June 18, 1918 New York City, United States	June 6, 2013 Annandale, Virginia, United States	1970	Shared the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with H.A.Hauptman [lower-alpha 140] . [713]
	John Charles Polanyi	January 23, 1929 Berlin, Germany		1970 [lower-alpha 117]	Shared the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Dudley Robert Herschbach and Yu.T.Lee [lower-alpha 141] . [714] [lower-alpha 142]
	Elias James Corey	July 12, 1928 Methuen, Massachusetts, United States		1970 [lower-alpha 143]	Won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [lower-alpha 144] [715] [lower-alpha 145]
	Karl Sune Detlof Bergström	January 10, 1916 Stockholm, Sweden	August 15, 2004 Stockholm, Sweden	1970	Shared the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with B.I.Samuelsson and J.R.Vane . [716]
	Walter Houser Brattain	February 10, 1902 Xiamen, China	October 13, 1987 Seattle, Washington, USA	1970	Shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics with J.Bardeen and William Shockley . [717]
	Bernhardt Patrick John O’Mara Bockris	January 5, 1923 Johannesburg, South Africa	July 7, 2013 Gainesville, Florida, United States		[718] Jointly nominated with W.H.Brattain the only time by T.M.Salem from the Alexandria University [719]
	Herbert Spencer Harned [720]	December 2, 1888 Camden, New Jersey, United States	July 29, 1969
	J. D. Bernal	May 10, 1901 Nenagh, Ireland	September 15, 1971 London, England	1970	Nominated the only time by Harry Francis West Taylor (1923–2002) from the University of Aberdeen and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too. [721]
	Gaston Charlot	June 11, 1904 Heuilley-sur-Saône, France	April 17, 1994 Paris, France	1970	Nominated the only time by Gabriel Antoine Tridot (1924–1993), Director of École nationale supérieure de chimie de Lille. [722]
	Michel Marcel Delhaye	March 10, 1929 Fresnes-sur-Escaut, France	February 12, 2014 Lille, France	1970	Nominated the only time by Joseph M. Heubel (b. 1920) from the Lille University of Science and Technology. [723]
	Boris Vladimirovich Derjagin	August 9, 1902 Moscow, Russia	May 16, 1994 Moscow, Russia	1970	Nominated the only time by Yoshitake Sasaki. [724]
	Nikolay Markovich Emanuel	October 1, 1915 Fresnes-sur-Escaut, France	December 7, 1984 Lille, France	1970	Nominated the only time by N.N.Semyonov . [725]
	Matthew Stanley Meselson	May 24, 1930 Denver, Colorado, United States		1970 [lower-alpha 146]	Nominated the only time by R.Thomas [726] [lower-alpha 147]
	George Scatchard [727]	March 19, 1892 Oneonta, New York, United States	December 10, 1973 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	1970	Nominated the only time by Ch.Tanford. [728]
	Hermann Theodor Felix Wieland	June 5, 1913 Munich, Germany	November 24, 1995 Heidelberg, Germany	1970	Nominated the only time by S.Siddiqui. [729]
	David 'Davy' Adriaan van Dorp	April 27, 1915 Amsterdam, Netherlands	February 19, 1995 Vlaardingen, Netherlands	1970	Nominated Jointly with S.Bergström the only time by E.Klenk. [730]
	David Mervyn Blow	June 27, 1931 Birmingham, England	June 8, 2004 Appledore, Torridge, England	1970	[731] Jointly nominated the only time by Jui Hsin Wang (1921–2016) from the Yale University [732]
	David Chilton Phillips	March 7, 1924 Ellesmere, Shropshire, England	February 23, 1999 London, England
	Walter Hückel	February 18, 1895 Charlottenburg, Germany	January 4, 1973 Tübingen, Germany	1970	Nominated Jointly with Vl.Prelog the only time by Hassan S. El Khadem (1923–2012) from the Michigan Technological University. [733]
	Christian Klixbüll-Jørgensen [734]	April 18, 1931 Aalborg, Denmark	January 9, 2001 near Paris, France	1970	[735]
	John Wilson ("Jack") Boag	June 20, 1911 Elgin, Moray, Scotland	January 2, 2007	1970	[736] Jointly nominated the only time by R.Braams. [737] [738]
	Edwin James ("Ed") Hart [739]	February 7, 1910 Port Angeles, Washington, United States	March 25, 1995 Port Angeles, Washington, United States
	Robert LeRoy Platzman [740]	August 23, 1918 Minneapolis, United States	July 2, 1973 Chicago, United States
	Joseph Chatt	November 6, 1914 Horden, England	May 19, 1994 Hove, England	1970	Jointly nominated with E.O.Fischer and Fr.Alb.Cotton the only time by Michael Cais (b.1924) from the Technion. [741]
	Stig Melker Claesson	February 5, 1917 Kumla, Sweden	July 31, 1988 Helsingborg, Sweden	1970	[742] Jointly nominated (Terenin - posthumously) the only time by N.M.Emanuel. [743] [744]
	George Simms Hammond	May 22, 1921 Auburn, Maine, United States	October 5, 2005 Portland, Oregon, United States
	Aleksandr Nikolaevich Terenin	May 6, 1896 Kaluga, Russia	January 18, 1967 Moscow, Russia
	Charles Gilbert Overberger	October 12, 1920 Barnesboro, Pennsylvania, United States	March 17, 1997 Ann Arbor, United States	1970	Jointly nominated with K.J.Freudenberg and Al.N.Nesmeyanov the only time by Cr.I.Simionescu. [745]
	Henry Montague (Monty) Frey	February 27, 1929 London, England		1970	[746] Jointly nominated the only time by Youssef Iskander from the Alexandria University. [747] [748]
	Jack Sylvester Hine	July 2, 1923 Coronado, California, United States	July 6, 1988 Columbus, Ohio, United States
	Wolfgang Kirmse	June 26, 1930 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Tetsuo Nozoe	May 16, 1902 Sendai, Japan	April 4, 1996 Tokyo, Japan	1970, 1974 [749] [lower-alpha 148]	[750]
1971
should be revealed in 2022
1972
to be revealed in 2023

See also

• Chemistry portal

• List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry
• List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize
• List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Physics
• List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature

Motivations and remarks

1. “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions”
2. Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee - The Nobel Population 1901-1937: A Census of the Nominators and Nominees for the Prizes in Physics and Chemistry Elisabeth T. Crawford, J. L. Heilbron, Rebecca Ullrich (Office for History of Science and Technology, University of California, 1987)
3. “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses”
4. "Work on the synthesis of amino acids"
5. “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation”
6. “in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him”
7. “in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system”
8. “in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds”
9. “in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements”
10. "Work on organic arsenic compounds and their therapeutic effect on tuberculosis, malaria and syphilis."
11. “in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction”
12. “for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation”
13. Discovery of Zymase (fermentation can be induced by an enzyme, even in yeast cells which have been destroyed)
14. “in recognition of his work in thermochemistry”
15. “for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry”
16. “for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years”
17. “for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances”
18. “in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds”
19. “in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry”
20. “for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll”
21. “for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes”
22. "Constitution of enzymes and their catalythic elements."
23. “in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element”
24. "Work on chemotherapy."
25. “for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements”
26. “for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry”
27. "Work on chlorophyll and hemoglobin."
28. “for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei”
29. "Work on physiological chemistry and "abwehrfermente"."
30. “for his work on disperse systems”
31. “in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods”
32. “for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances”
33. "The introduction of physical-chemical problems to physiology, and work on phagocytosis and the permeability of the kidneys."
34. "Important studies on proteins."
35. "Work on nutrition."
36. “for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule”
37. “for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances”
38. “for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes”
39. “for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes”
40. "Preparation of crystalline insulin."
41. “for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins”
42. "Research on vitamins"
43. “for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry”
44. “for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases”
45. "Work on physiological chemistry, especially the theories and work on blood coagulation."
46. “for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids”
47. “for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin”
48. "Work on the chemical nature of the antirachitic vitamin; the discovery that food irradiated with ultraviolet rays produced this vitamin".
49. “for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C”
50. "Large-scale synthetic production of thyroxine; also modified Kendall´s original chemical description of thyroxine."
51. "Work on the chemistry of fermentation, especially the isolation and determination of methylglyoxaline as intermediate product in fermentation."
52. “for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes”
53. “for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry”
54. "Work on plasmoquinine and atebrin."
55. “for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2”
56. “for his work on carotenoids and vitamins”
57. “for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis”
58. "Work on intermediary metabolism, especially in liver and skeleton muscles."
59. “for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method”
60. “for his work on sex hormones”
61. “for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis”
62. “for his discovery of heavy hydrogen”
63. "Work on auxines."
64. “in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements”
65. "Work on the structure of the nucleic acids."
66. “for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures”
67. "Work on essential substances in rice and their importance in beri-beri."
68. “for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form”
69. "Chemical composition of heart glycosides, especially scillarens, digitalins and strophanthidins."
70. "Work on production of plant disease generating virus in crystallized form."
71. "Work on the use of nicotinic acid on "blacktongue"."
72. "Isolation and study of vitamin B1"
73. “for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances”
74. "The discovery of the facts relating to para-amino-benzene sulfonamide."
75. “for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized”
76. "The production of crystalline digestion ferment (enzyme)"
77. "Isotope techniques to study intermediary metabolism."
78. "Work on the chemistry of proteins, kidney function, the acid-base balance and the electrolytic balance of the body."
79. "Isolation of a series of carcinogenic substances."
80. “for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone”
81. "Work on the chemical nature of the antirachitic vitamin; the discovery that food irradiated with ultraviolet rays produced this vitamin"
82. "Discovery of synthetic oestrogens, especially stilboestrol (diethylstilbestrol, DES) and their effects."
83. "Dicoumarol and related compounds"
84. “for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements”
85. “for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis”
86. “for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions”
87. “for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins”
88. "Work on DDT"
89. "Discovery of the carbon dioxide assimilation process in heterotrophic organisms."
90. “for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes”
91. "Fractionation of plasma proteins..."
92. "Electron microscopy of viruses, leading to knowledge of the nature and morphology of viruses and general insight into the structure and mechanism of crystallization of proteins."
93. "Discovery of cytochromes"
94. "Work on the chemistry of streptomycin."
95. "Work on the amino acid requirements in humans."
96. "Methods for measuring antigens, antibody and complement. Specifically, studies on the purification of Pneumococcus polysaccharides, leading to routines for immunization against pneumococcal pneumonia."
97. “for their invention of partition chromatography”
98. “for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants”
99. “for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances”
100. “for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method”
101. “for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules”
102. "Work on the permeability of the cell wall for ions, and ionic equilibrium."
103. "Isolation and study of the pituitary hormone."
104. “for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science”
105. “for their studies of the structures of globular proteins”
106. "Work on dimercaptopropanol and its importance in protection against poisoning by certain metals."
107. “for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin”
108. “for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids”
109. "Discoveries and development of new chemical separation methods based on "counter-current extraction and partition chromatography"."
110. “for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers”
111. “for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy”
112. “for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes”
113. “for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates”
114. “for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals”
115. “for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions”
116. “for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis”
117. “Nomination 21161 to J.Polanyi has been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
118. “for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry”
119. “for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures”
120. “All nominations with J.Watson have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
121. “Data of James Watson (id 11107) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
122. “Data of Francis Crick (id 11108) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
123. “Data of Maurice Wilkins (id 11109) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
124. "The role of nucleic acids, in particular RNA, in cellular protein synthesis"
125. “for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds”
126. “for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions”
127. “for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule”
128. "Synthetic antihistamine compounds"
129. “Nomination 19435 by L.Saunders has been hidden at the Nomination Archive site”
130. “Data about nomination of Laurens L M van Deenen (id 13330) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site”
131. “Data of G H de Haas (id 14300) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site”
132. “for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix”
133. “for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity”
134. “for his contribution to carbocation chemistry”
135. “Nomination 19661 to David Warren Turner have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
136. “Data of David Warren Turner (id 14450) has been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
137. “Nomination 20925 to R.Hoffmann has been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
138. “for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions”
139. “Data of R Hoffman (id 15546) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
140. “for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures”
141. “for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes”
142. “Data of John Polanyi (id 15675) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
143. “Nomination 21155 to El.J.Corey has been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
144. “for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis”
145. “Data of El.J.Corey (id 15672) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
146. “Nomination 21107 to M.St.Meselson has been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
147. “Data of M.St.Meselson (id 15637) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
148. “Nomination 22157 to Tetsuo Nozoe is hidden at the Nomination Archive site now”

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33. "Nomination Archive – Stanislao Canizzaro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
34. "Nomination Archive – Sophus Jörgensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
35. "Nomination Archive – Fredrik Kjellin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
36. "Nomination Archive – William Crookes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
37. "Nomination Archive – Samuel Eyde". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
38. "Nomination Archive – Kristian Birkeland". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
39. "Nomination Archive – Heinrich Caro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
40. "Nomination Archive – Adolph Frank". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
41. "Nomination Archive – Theodor Curtius". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
42. "Nomination Archive – Albin Haller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
43. "Nomination Archive – Richard Willstätter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
44. "Nomination Archive – Frederick Soddy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
45. "Nomination Archive – Albrecht Kossel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
46. "Nomination Archive – Gustaf de Laval". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
47. "Nomination Archive – Georg Lunge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
48. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Hantzsch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
49. "Nomination Archive – Edmund von Lippmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
50. "Nomination Archive – Hans Landolt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
51. "Nomination Archive – Otto Schönherr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
52. "Nomination Archive – Carl Engler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
53. "Nomination Archive – Jean Senderens". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
54. "Nomination Archive – Gabriel Bertrand". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
55. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Gaston Bertrand". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
56. "Nomination Archive – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
57. "Nomination Archive – Sir James Dewar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
58. "Nomination Archive – Carl Liebermann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
59. "Nomination Archive – Pierre Martin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
60. "Nomination Archive – Walthère Spring". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
61. "Nomination Archive – Marie Curie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
62. "Nomination Archive – Paul Ehrlich". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
63. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for P.Ehrlich&S.Hata". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
64. "Nomination Archive – Sahachiro Hata". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
65. "Nomination Archive – William Perkin Jr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
66. "Nomination Archive – Angelo Angeli". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
67. "Nomination Archive – Gustav Tammann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
68. "Nomination Archive – Fritz Haber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
69. "Nomination Archive – Hilaire de Chardonnet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
70. "Nomination Archive – Philippe Barbier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
71. "Nomination Archive – Georges Urbain". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
72. "Nomination Archive – Richard Zsigmondy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
73. "Nomination Archive – William Küster". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
74. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Küster&Marchlewski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
75. "Nomination Archive – Leon Marchlewski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
76. "Nomination Archive – Karol Olszewski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
77. "Nomination Archive – Theodor Zincke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
78. "Nomination Archive – Carl Harries". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
79. "Nomination Archive – Albert Recoura". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
80. "Nomination Archive – Otto Hahn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
81. "Nomination Archive – Ernst Schmidt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
82. "Nomination Archive – Alexander Tschirch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
83. "Nomination Archive – Paul Walden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
84. "Nomination Archive – Sir William Henry Bragg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
85. "Nomination Archive – Henry Moseley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
86. "Nomination Archive – Charles Galton Darwin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
87. "Nomination Archive – Edouard Branly". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
88. "Die Dozenten der Universität Zürich (S.692) – Herzfeld Eugen" (PDF). archiv.uzh.ch (in German). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
89. "Nomination Archive – Eugen Herzfeld". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
90. "Nomination Archive – Emanuele Paterno". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
91. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Emil Abderhalden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
92. "Nomination Archive – Emil Abderhalden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
93. "Nomination Archive – Jean Baptiste Perrin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
94. "Nomination Archive – Theodor Svedberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
95. "Nomination Archive – Carl Bosch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
96. "Nomination Archive – Frank Clarke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
97. "Nomination Archive – Felix Ehrlich". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
98. "Nomination Archive – Emile Bourquelot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
99. "Nomination Archive – Joseph Eder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
100. "Nomination Archive – Amé Pictet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
101. "Nomination Archive – Knut Jacob Beskow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
102. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Ramén". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
103. "Nomination Archive – Philippe-Auguste Guye". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
104. "Nomination Archive – Amé Pictet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
105. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for H.Hamburger&S.P.L.Sørensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
106. "Nomination Archive – Hartog Hamburger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
107. "Nomination Archive – Mikhail Tsvet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
108. "Nomination Archive – Wilhelm Schlenk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
109. "Nomination Archive – Martinus Beijerinck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
110. "Nomination Archive – Edward Curtis Franklin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
111. "Nomination Archive – Niels Bohr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
112. "Nomination Archive – Otto Fischer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
113. "Nomination Archive – Emilio Noelting". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
114. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Noyes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
115. "Nomination Archive – Ossian Aschan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
116. "Nomination Archive – Charles Moureu". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
117. "Nomination Archive – Sören Sörensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
118. "Nomination Archive – Herbert Freundlich". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
119. "Nomination Archive – Moses Gomberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
120. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Sergei Winogradsky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
121. "Nomination Archive – Sergei Winogradsky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
122. "Nomination Archive – Francis Aston". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
123. "Nomination Archive – Arnold Holleman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
124. "Nomination Archive – Carl Auer von Welsbach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
125. "Nomination Archive – Nikodem Caro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
126. "Nomination Archive – Gilbert N. Lewis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
127. "Nomination Archive – Henry Siedentopf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
128. "Nomination Archive – Frederick Power". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
129. "Nomination Archive – Heinrich Wieland". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
130. "Nomination Archive – Hans von Euler-Chelpin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
131. "Nomination Archive – George de Hevesy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
132. "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Emich". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
133. "Nomination Archive – Dirk Coster". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
134. "Nomination Archive – Lise Meitner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
135. "Nomination Archive – André Debierne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
136. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for John Jacob Abel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
137. "Nomination Archive – John Jacob Abel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
138. "Nomination Archive – Adolf Windaus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
139. "Nomination Archive – Fritz Foerster". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
140. "Nomination Archive – Piero Ginori Conti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
141. "Nomination Archive – Giuseppe Oddo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
142. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Casimir Funk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
143. "Nomination Archive – Casimir Funk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
144. "Nomination Archive – Paul Pascal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
145. "Nomination Archive – Irving Langmuir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
146. "Nomination Archive – Petrus Debye". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
147. "Nomination Archive – Frederick Hopkins". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
148. "Nomination Archive – Herbert Baker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
149. "Nomination Archive – Ernst Cohen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
150. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Olof Hammarsten". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
151. "Nomination Archive – Olof Hammarsten". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
152. "Nomination Archive – Julius Bredt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
153. "Nomination Archive – Kurt Peters". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
154. "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Adolf Paneth". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
155. "Nomination Archive – Niels Bjerrum". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
156. "Nomination Archive – Robert Robinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
157. "Nomination Archive – Samuel Lind". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
158. "Nomination Archive – Kasimir Fajans". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
159. "Nomination Archive – Bruno Tacke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
160. "Nomination Archive – Hans Fischer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
161. "Nomination Archive – Alfred F Hess". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
162. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Alfred Hess&Steenbock". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
163. "Nomination Archive – Alfred Hess". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
164. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Harden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
165. "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Bergius". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
166. "Nomination Archive – Sir Walter Norman Haworth". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
167. "Nomination Archive – Otto Warburg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
168. "Nomination Archive – George Barger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
169. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for G.Barger&Ch.Harington". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
170. "Nomination Archive – Charles Harington". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
171. "Nomination Archive – Kurt Bennewitz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
172. "Nomination Archive – Johannes van Laar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
173. "Nomination Archive – Alfred Stock". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
174. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Carl Neuberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
175. "Nomination Archive – Carl Neuberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
176. "Nomination Archive – Frédéric Swarts". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
177. "Nomination Archive – Max Bodenstein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
178. "Nomination Archive – Otto Ruff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
179. "Nomination Archive – Victor Goldschmidt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
180. "Nomination Archive – Johannes Brönsted". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
181. "Nomination Archive – Charles Dufraisse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
182. "Nomination Archive – Percy Bridgman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
183. "Nomination Archive – Carl F. Schmidt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
184. "Nomination Archive – Arnold Eucken". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
185. "Nomination Archive – Arnold Eucken". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
186. "Nomination Archive – Karl-Friedrich O Bonhoeffer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
187. "Nomination Archive – Leopold Ruzicka". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
188. "Nomination Archive – Hermann Staudinger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
189. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Werner Schulemann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
190. "Nomination Archive – Werner Schulemann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
191. "Nomination Archive – Karl von Auwers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
192. "Nomination Archive – Frederick Donnan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
193. "Nomination Archive – Peter Klason". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
194. "Nomination Archive – James Irvine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
195. "Nomination Archive – Werner Kuhn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
196. "Nomination Archive – Paul Karrer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
197. "Nomination Archive – Richard Kuhn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
198. "Nomination Archive – Otto Diels". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
199. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Gustav Embden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
200. "Nomination Archive – Gustav Embden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
201. "Nomination Archive – Walter Noddack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
202. "Nomination Archive – Ida Noddack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
203. "Nomination Archive – Artturi Virtanen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
204. "Nomination Archive – Ernst Späth". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
205. "Nomination Archive – Emil Votocek". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
206. "Nomination Archive – Adolf Butenandt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
207. "Nomination Archive – Jaroslav Heyrovský". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
208. "Nomination Archive – Harold Clayton Urey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
209. "Nomination Archive – Edward Washburn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
210. "Nomination Archive – Louis Maillard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
211. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Fritz Kögl". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
212. "Nomination Archive – Fritz Kögl". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
213. "Nomination Archive – Erik Hägglund". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
214. "Nomination Archive – Frédéric Joliot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
215. "Nomination Archive – Irène Joliot-Curie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
216. "Nomination Archive – Enrico Fermi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
217. "Nomination Archive – George Curme". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
218. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Phoebus Levene". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
219. "Nomination Archive – Phoebus Levene". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
220. "The Electrochemical Society – Colin G. Fink". electrochem.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
221. "Nomination Archive – Colin Fink". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
222. "Nomination Archive – Max Bergmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
223. "Nomination Archive – William Giauque". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
224. "Nomination Archive – Kurt Alder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
225. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Umetaro Suzuki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
226. "Nomination Archive – Umetaro Suzuki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
227. "Nomination Archive – William Arthur Bone". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
228. "Nomination Archive – Jacob Heslinga". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
229. H. Ter Meulen en J. Heslinga, Nieuwe methoden voor Elementair-analyse, Delft, 1925, 2e druk 1930
230. "Nomination Archive – Henri ter Meulen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
231. "Nomination Archive – Otto Hönigschmid". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
232. "Nomination Archive – Jens Möller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
233. "Nomination Archive – Wojciech Swiętosławski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
234. "Nomination Archive – Hugo Theorell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
235. "Nomination Archive – Marc Tiffeneau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
236. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Binz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
237. "Nomination Archive – Curt Räth". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
238. Christoph de Haen X-ray Contrast Agent Technology: A Revolutionary History, p. 62 (CRC Press and Taylor&Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida 2019)
239. "Nomination Archive – Franz Fischer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
240. "Nomination Archive – Fritz Hofmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
241. "Nomination Archive – Gustaf Komppa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
242. "Nomination Archive – Paul Harteck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
243. "Nomination Archive – Fritz London". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
244. "Nomination Archive – George Stanley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
245. "Nomination Archive – William Harkins". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
246. "Nomination Archive – Jacob Böeseken". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
247. "Nomination Archive – Victor Henri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
248. "Nomination Archive – Vladimir Ipatieff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
249. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Arthur Stoll". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
250. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Stoll". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
251. "Nomination Archive – Georg Bredig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
252. "Nomination Archive – Frederick Bawden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
253. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Fr.Bawden&N.Pirie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
254. "Nomination Archive – Norman Pirie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
255. "BnF Data – Paul Job (1886-1957)". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
256. "Nomination Archive – Paul Job". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
257. "BnF Data – Maurice Piettre (1878-1954)". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
258. "Nomination Archive – Maurice Piettre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
259. "Nomination Archive – Francesco Giordani". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
260. "Nomination Archive – Dorothy Wrinch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
261. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Conrad Elvehjem". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
262. "Nomination Archive – Conrad Elvehjem". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
263. "Nomination Archive – Ernest Fourneau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
264. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Robley Cook Williams". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
265. "Nomination Archive – Robley Cook Williams". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
266. "Nomination Archive – Linus Pauling". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
267. "Nomination Archive – Fritz Weigert". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
268. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Tréfouël". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
269. "Nomination Archive – Jacques Tréfouël". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
270. "Nomination Archive – Christopher Kelk Ingold". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
271. "Nomination Archive – John Howard Northrop". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
272. "Nomination Archive – James Sumner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
273. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Moses Kunitz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
274. "Nomination Archive – Moses Kunitz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
275. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Rudolf Schoenheimer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
276. "Nomination Archive – Rudolf Schoenheimer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
277. "Nomination Archive – Paul Niggli". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
278. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Donald Van Slyke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
279. "Nomination Archive – Donald Van Slyke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
280. "Nomination Archive – Albert Portevin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
281. "Nomination Archive – René Wurmser". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
282. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for J.W.Cook&E.L.Kennaway". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
283. "Nomination Archive – Ernest Lawrence Kennaway". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
284. "Nomination Archive – James Wilfred Cook". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
285. "Nomination Archive – Walter Heinrich Heitler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
286. "Nomination Archive – Tadeusz Reichstein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
287. "Nomination Archive – Vincent du Vigneaud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
288. "Nomination Archive – Harry Steenbock". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
289. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Edward Dodds". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
290. "Nomination Archive – Edward Dodds". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
291. "Nomination Archive – Klaus Clusius". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
292. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Karl Paul Link". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
293. "Nomination Archive – Karl Paul Link". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
294. "Nomination Archive – Henry Eyring". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
295. "Nomination Archive – Arne Westgren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
296. "Nomination Archive – Glenn Theodore Seaborg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
297. "Nomination Archive – Robert Burns Woodward". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
298. "Nomination Archive – Hans Adolf Krebs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
299. "Nomination Archive – Hugh Taylor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
300. "Nomination Archive – William Doering". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
301. "Nomination Archive – Alexander Frumkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
302. "Nomination Archive – Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
303. "Nomination Archive – Cyril Norman Hinshelwood". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
304. "Nomination Archive – Arne Tiselius". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
305. Dictionary of Scientific Biography4 76-77 (Princeton University Press, 1971)
306. "Nomination Archive – Henri Devaux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
307. "Nomination Archive – Leo Szilard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
308. "Science Museum Group – J R Geigy SA". collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
309. "Encyclopaedia Britannica – Ciba-Geigy AG (Swiss pharmaceutical company)". britannica.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
310. "Nomination Archive – S A Geigy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
311. "Base de données des élites suisses – Läuger, Paul". unil.ch (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
312. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Paul Läuger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
313. "Nomination Archive – Paul Läuger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
314. "Nomination Archive – Otto Robert Frisch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
315. "Nomination Archive – Edwin McMillan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
316. "Nomination Archive – Philip Abelson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
317. "Nomination Archive – Paul Lebeau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
318. "Nomination Archive – David Rittenberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
319. "Nomination Archive – Alfred Misrky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
320. "Nomination Archive – Paul Rabe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
321. "Nomination Archive – Gerhard Dickel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
322. "Nomination Archive – Joseph Kennedy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
323. "Nomination Archive – Pierre Armand Jacquet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
324. "Nomination Archive – Morris Kharasch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
325. "Nomination Archive – Roger Adams". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
326. "Nomination Archive – Hans Lebrecht Meerwein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
327. "Nomination Archive – Johan Arvid Hedvall". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
328. "Nomination Archive – Chester Werkman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
329. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Ch.Werkman&H.G.Wood". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
330. "Nomination Archive – Harland Wood". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
331. "Nomination Archive – A J Kluyver". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
332. "Nomination Archive – Alexander Robertus Todd". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
333. "Nomination Archive – Edward Kendall". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
334. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Edwin Joseph Cohn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
335. "Nomination Archive – Edwin Joseph Cohn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
336. "The Electrochemical Society – George W. Heise". electrochem.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
337. "Nomination Archive – George Heise". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
338. "Nomination Archive – Karl Miescher". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
339. "Nomination Archive – George Dyson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
340. "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Richter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
341. Kunststoffe52(1) 59 (1962)
342. "Nomination Archive – Domingo Giribaldo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
343. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Ralph Walter Wyckoff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
344. "Nomination Archive – Ralph Walter Wyckoff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
345. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for David Keilin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
346. "Nomination Archive – David Keilin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
347. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Karl Folkers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
348. "Nomination Archive – Karl Folkers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
349. "Nomination Archive – Walter Reppe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
350. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for William Rose". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
351. "Nomination Archive – William Rose". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
352. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Michael Heidelberger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
353. "Nomination Archive – Michael Heidelberger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
354. "Nomination Archive – Archer Martin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
355. "Nomination Archive – Richard Synge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
356. "Nomination Archive – Melvin Calvin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
357. "Nomination Archive – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
358. "Nomination Archive – Robert Sanderson Mulliken". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
359. "Nomination Archive – Paul Flory". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
360. "Nomination Archive – Selman Waksman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
361. "Nomination Archive – Fritz Lipmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
362. "Nomination Archive – George Wells Beadle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
363. "Nomination Archive – Thérèse Tréfouël". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
364. "Nomination Archive – Gladwyn Buttle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
365. British Medical Journal286(6379) 1758 (1983)
366. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Wahl". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
367. "Nomination Archive – John Hamaker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
368. "Nomination Archive – Glenn E Sheline". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
369. "Nomination Archive – Wendell Latimer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
370. "Nomination Archive – Louis Werner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
371. "Nomination Archive – Isadore Perlman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
372. "Nomination Archive – Paul Kirk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
373. "University of California: In Memoriam, 1991 – Glenn E. Sheline". texts.cdlib.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
374. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases40(2) 213 (1981)
375. "Nomination Archive – Raphael Consden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
376. "Gramicidin S; the sequence of the amino-acid residues" Biochemical Journal41(4) 596-602 (1947)
377. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Gordon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
378. "Nomination Archive – Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
379. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Edward Joseph Conway". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
380. "Nomination Archive – Edward Joseph Conway". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
381. "Nomination Archive – Hermann Irving Schlesinger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
382. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Choh Hao Li". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
383. "Nomination Archive – Choh Hao Li". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
384. "Nomination Archive – Burris Bell Cunningham". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
385. "Nomination Archive – Willard Frank Libby". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
386. "Nomination Archive – Max Ferdinand Perutz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
387. "Nomination Archive – Yasuhiko Asahina". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
388. "Nomination Archive – Axel Lindh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
389. "Nomination Archive – Ian Morris Heilbron". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
390. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Rudolph Peters". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
391. "Nomination Archive – Rudolph Peters". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
392. "Nomination Archive – Frederick Sanger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
393. "Nomination Archive – Frits Zernike". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
394. "Nomination Archive – Claude Hudson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
395. "Nomination Archive – Walther Kossel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
396. "Nomination Archive – Francis Simon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
397. "Nomination Archive – William Hume-Rothery". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
398. "Nomination Archive – Marguerite Perey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
399. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Lyman Craig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
400. "Nomination Archive – Lyman Craig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
401. "Nomination Archive – Erich Müller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
402. "Nomination Archive – Erwin Wilhelm Müller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
403. "Nomination Archive – Alexander Braunstein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
404. "Nomination Archive – Walter Hieber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
405. "Nomination Archive – Emilio Segrè". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
406. "Nomination Archive – Öjvind Winge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
407. "Nomination Archive – Izaak Kolthoff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
408. "Nomination Archive – Edward Lawrie Tatum". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
409. "Nomination Archive – Karl Ziegler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
410. "Nomination Archive – Giulio Natta". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
411. "Nomination Archive – George Porter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
412. "Nomination Archive – Lars Onsager". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
413. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Louis Fieser". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
414. "Nomination Archive – Louis Fieser". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
415. "Nomination Archive – Josef Mattauch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
416. "Nomination Archive – Félix Trombe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
417. "Nomination Archive – Max Volmer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
418. "Nomination Archive – Fritz Feigl". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
419. "Nomination Archive – Martin David Kamen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
420. "Nomination Archive – John Clarke Slater". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
421. "Nomination Archive – Severo Ochoa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
422. "Nomination Archive – Georges Lemaître". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
423. "Nomination Archive – Ernest Gale". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
424. "Nomination Archive – Joan Folkes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
425. "Nomination Archive – Boris Arbuzov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
426. "Nomination Archive – Alexander Arbuzov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
427. "Nomination Archive – Heinz Fraenckel-Conrat". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
428. "Nomination Archive – Jannik Bjerrum". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
429. "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Emil Brauns". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
430. "Nomination Archive – Karl Johann Freudenberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
431. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Oswald Theodore Avery". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
432. "Nomination Archive – Oswald Theodore Avery". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
433. "Nomination Archive – Colin Munro MacLeod". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
434. "Nomination Archive – Maclyn McCarty". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
435. "Nomination Archive – Marietta Blau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
436. "Nomination Archive – Paul Charpentier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
437. "Nomination Archive – Charles Coryell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
438. "Nomination Archive – Maurice-Marie Janot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
439. "Nomination Archive – Alexandre Vladimiravitche Palladine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
440. "Nomination Archive – G L Stadnikov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
441. "Nomination Archive – Eric Keightley Rideal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
442. "Nomination Archive – Bernard Horecker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
443. "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Hund". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
444. "Nomination Archive – Erich Hückel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
445. "Nomination Archive – Carl Wagner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
446. "Nomination Archive – Charles Wagner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
447. "Nomination Archive – C Wagner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
448. "Nomination Archive – Luis Federico Leloir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
449. "Nomination Archive – Gerhard Herzberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
450. "Nomination Archive – Vladimir Prelog". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
451. "Nomination Archive – Georg Wittig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
452. "Nomination Archive – Maria Goeppert-Mayer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
453. "Nomination Archive – Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
454. "Nomination Archive – Bogdan Kamienski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
455. "Nomination Archive – Max Mousseron". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
456. "Nomination Archive – Yoshiyuki Toyama". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
457. "Nomination Archive – Yevgeny Konstantinovich Zavoisky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
458. "Nomination Archive – Jean Brachet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
459. "Nomination Archive – Herman Francis Mark". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
460. "Nomination Archive – Hermann Mark". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
461. "Nomination Archive – Gerold Karel Schwarzenbach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
462. "Nomination Archive – John Kendrew". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
463. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Kornberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
464. "Nomination Archive – Feodor Lynen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
465. "Nomination Archive – David Green". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
466. "Nomination Archive – Francis Owen Rice". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
467. "Nomination Archive – Gunter Scheibe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
468. "Nomination Archive – Frederick Rossini". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
469. "Nomination Archive – M J Chedin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
470. "Nomination Archive – Bror Holmberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
471. "Nomination Archive – Egon Wiberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
472. "Nomination Archive – William Pfann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
473. "Nomination Archive – Walter Schottky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
474. "Nomination Archive – Michael Polanyi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
475. "Nomination Archive – Derek Harold Richard Barton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
476. "Nomination Archive – Odd Hassel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
477. "Nomination Archive – Ilya Prigogine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
478. "Nomination Archive – James Watson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
479. "Nomination Archive – Francis Crick". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
480. "Nomination Archive – Maurice Wilkins". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
481. "Nomination Archive – Alfred Hershey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
482. "Nomination Archive – Wilhelm Gerhard Burgers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
483. "Nomination Archive – Martin Deutsch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
484. "Nomination Archive – Roger Williams". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
485. "Nomination Archive – Andrew Benson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
486. "Nomination Archive – Howard Cary". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
487. "Nomination Archive – Arnold Orville Beckman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
488. "Nomination Archive – Josef Engl". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
489. "Nomination Archive – Joseph Massolle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
490. "Nomination Archive – Hans Vogt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
491. "Nomination Archive – Martha Chase". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
492. "Nomination Archive – Alfred Grierer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
493. "New York Times – John Aston, 87, Dies; Pioneer in Cryogenics". The New York Times . 9 August 1990. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
494. "Nomination Archive – John Aston". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
495. "Nomination Archive – Gerhard Schramm". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
496. "Nomination Archive – Manfred Eigen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
497. "Nomination Archive – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
498. "Nomination Archive – Konrad Bloch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
499. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Torbjörn Caspersson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
500. "Nomination Archive – Torbjörn Caspersson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
501. "Stanford University – Pierre Van Rysselberghe". chemistry.stanford.edu. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
502. "Nomination Archive – Pierre Van Rysselberghe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
503. "Nomination Archive – Efraim Racker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
504. "Nomination Archive – Robert Corey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
505. "Nomination Archive – Lars Gunnar Sillén". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
506. "Nomination Archive – Britton Chance". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
507. "Nomination Archive – Georges Léon Chaudron". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
508. "Nomination Archive – Daniel Israel Arnon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
509. "Nomination Archive – Johannes Bijvoet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
510. "Nomination Archive – Harry George Drickamer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
511. "Nomination Archive – Leslie Orgel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
512. "Nomination Archive – Ernst Otto Fischer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
513. "Nomination Archive – Louis Néel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
514. "Nomination Archive – Nikolay Vasilyevich Belov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
515. "Nomination Archive – Peter Pauson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
516. "Nomination Archive – Maurice Stacey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
517. "Nomination Archive – Tadeusz Urbanski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
518. "Nomination Archive – Karl-Wolfgang Mundry". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
519. "Nomination Archive – Clemens Schöpf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
520. "Nomination Archive – Alexander Vinogradov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
521. "Nomination Archive – Carl Djerassi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
522. "Nomination Archive – Louis Plack Hammett". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
523. "Nomination Archive – Sanichiro Mizushima". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
524. "Nomination Archive – Herbert Brown". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
525. "Nomination Archive – Har Gobind Khorana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
526. "Nomination Archive – Ludwig August Wilhelm Geilmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
527. "Nomination Archive – Dionyz Ilkovic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
528. "Nomination Archive – Noel Slater". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
529. "Nomination Archive – Gunnar Blix". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
530. "Nomination Archive – Ernst Klenk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
531. "University of Minnesota Awards&Honours – Stanley Bruckenstein". uawards.umn.edu. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
532. "Nomination Archive – Stanley Bruckenstein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
533. "Nomination Archive – James Baddiley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
534. "Nomination Archive – James Baddiley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
535. "Nomination Archive – John Monteath Robertson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
536. "Nomination Archive – Edgar Bright Wilson Jr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
537. "Nomination Archive – Fritz Arndt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
538. "Nomination Archive – Alberte Pullman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
539. "Nomination Archive – Bernard Pullman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
540. "Nomination Archive – Neil Bartlett". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
541. "Nomination Archive – Alfred Champagnat". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
542. "Nomination Archive – Saul Winstein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
543. "Nomination Archive – Edmund Hirst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
544. "Nomination Archive – Charles Coulson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
545. "Nomination Archive – Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
546. "Nomination Archive – E F Terroine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
547. "Nomination Archive – P C Zamecnik". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
548. "Nomination Archive – K Yamafuji". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
549. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Holmes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
550. "Chicago Tribune – JOHN G. MALM". chicagotribune.com. 15 May 1999. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
551. "Nomination Archive – J Malm". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
552. H. H. Claassen, H. Selig and J. G. Malm, “Xenon Tetrafluoride” Journal of the American Chemical Society 84 3593 (1962) doi:10.1021/ja00877a042
553. "Nomination Archive – Howard Claassen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
554. "Nomination Archive – Howard Classen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
555. "Nomination Archive – H Selig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
556. "ASA/CSCA Member Obituaries – Howard H. Claassen". asa3.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
557. "Journal of Fluorine Chemistry – Henry Selig-Obituary" (PDF). journals.elsevier.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
558. "Nomination Archive – Alexander Ivanovich Oparin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
559. "Nomination Archive – G M Schwab". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
560. "Nomination Archive – Efraim Katchalski-Kazir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
561. "Nomination Archive – Bernd Theodor Matthias". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
562. "Nomination Archive – Frantisek Sorm". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
563. "Nomination Archive – František Šorm". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
564. "Nomination Archive – John Warcup Cornforth Jr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
565. "Nomination Archive – Jacques Monod". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
566. "Nomination Archive – J Jacob". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
567. "Nomination Archive – Paul Doughty Bartlett". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
568. "Nomination Archive – Salomon S. Cohen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
569. Baklan, V. Yu; Vasylyev, A. D.; Kublanovskii, V. S.; Grafov, B. M. (March 2012). "Russian Journal of Electrochemistry – To the Centenary of O.K. Davtyan". Russian Journal of Electrochemistry. 48 (3): 348–349. doi:10.1134/S1023193512660019. S2CID   93777377 . Retrieved 11 November 2020.
570. "Nomination Archive – O K Davtjan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
571. "Nomination Archive – Ulick Richardson Evans". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
572. "Nomination Archive – S G Mason". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
573. "Nomination Archive – Geoffrey Ingram Taylor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
574. "Nomination Archive – Henrik Gunnar Lundegårdh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
575. "Chemical & Engineering News – Obituary: Leonard Mortenson". cen.acs.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
576. "Nomination Archive – L E Mortenson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
577. Mortenson LE, Valentine RC, Carnahan JE "An electron transport factor from Clostridium pasteurianum" Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 7(6): 448–52 (June 1962) doi:10.1016/0006-291X(62)90333-9 PMID 14476372
578. "Nomination Archive – R C Valentine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
579. "Nomination Archive – J E Carnahan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
580. "Cape Gazette – James E. Carnahan, retired research chemist". CapeGazette.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
581. "Nomination Archive – Erwin Chargaff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
582. "Nomination Archive – Jean Roche". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
583. "Nomination Archive – Iwan Nikolov Stranski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
584. "Nomination Archive – A Guinier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
585. "Nomination Archive – Otto Kratky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
586. "Nomination Archive – Alan Walsh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
587. "Nomination Archive – Albert Eschenmoser". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
588. "Nomination Archive – Charles Prévost". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
589. "Nomination Archive – Rudolf Hoppe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
590. "Nomination Archive – G Popjak". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
591. "Nomination Archive – Rudolf Criegee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
592. "Nomination Archive – Alfred Rieche". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
593. "Nomination Archive – Marshall Warren Nirenberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
594. "Nomination Archive – Robert William Holley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
595. "Nomination Archive – Stanford Moore". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
596. 
     
     "Nomination Archive – William H Stein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
597. "Nomination Archive – Richard Barrer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
598. "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Bernard Halpern". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
599. "Nomination Archive – Bernard Halpern". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
600. "Sudetendeutsche Akademieder Wissenschaften und Künste – Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Kurt Hannig". sudetendeutsche-akademie.eu (in German). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
601. "Nomination Archive – K Hannig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
602. "Nomination Archive – James Franklin Hyde". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
603. "Nomination Archive – Arthur Lüttringhaus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
604. "Nomination Archive – Edwin Theodore Mertz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
605. "Nomination Archive – Laurens L M van Deenen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
606. "Nomination Archive – G H de Haas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
607. "Catalogus Professorum – Prof.dr. G. Horrëus de Haas". profs.library.uu.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
608. "Nomination Archive – C L Vernet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
609. A. CHAMPAGNAT, C. VERNET, B. LAINÉ & J. FILOSA Biosynthesis of Protein-Vitamin Concentrates from Petroleum Nature 197 13–14 (1963)
610. "Nomination Archive – B Lainé". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
611. "Nomination Archive – J Filosa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
612. "Nomination Archive – T R Seshadri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
613. "Nomination Archive – K I Pitzer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020. "Nomination Archive – Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
614. "Nomination Archive – Robert Schwyzer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
615. "Nomination Archive – Sol Spiegelman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
616. "Nomination Archive – Geoffrey Wilkinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
617. "Nomination Archive – Robert Bruce Merrifield". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
618. "Nomination Archive – George Wald". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
619. "Nomination Archive – M Ballester". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
620. "Nomination Archive – Jean Lecomte". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
621. "Nomination Archive – Max Rudolf Lemberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
622. Electrochemical Dictionary (2nd ed., Springer 2012) p.559
623. "Nomination Archive – J J Lingane". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
624. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society24 408-442 (1978)
625. "Nomination Archive – Richard Alan Morton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
626. "Nomination Archive – Giorgio Piccardi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
627. "Nomination Archive – H Schmid". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
628. "Nomination Archive – Frank Harold Spedding". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
629. In Memorium of Prof. Dr. A.R. Tourky U.A.R. journal of chemistry14 376 (1971)
630. "Nomination Archive – A R Tourky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
631. "Tennessee Encyclopedia – Ellison Hall Taylor". tennesseeencyclopedia.net. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
632. "Nomination Archive – E H Taylor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
633. "Nomination Archive – S Datz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
634. "Nomination Archive – M B Allen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
635. "Nomination Archive – F R Whatley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
636. "Nomination Archive – Stephen Brunauer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
637. "Nomination Archive – Paul Hugh Emmett". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
638. "Nomination Archive – Edward Teller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
639. "Nomination Archive – Esmond Emerson Snell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
640. "Nomination Archive – Frank Albert Cotton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
641. "Nomination Archive – D C Cram". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
642. "Nomination Archive – George Andrew Olah". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
643. "Nomination Archive – Erika Cremer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
644. "Nomination Archive – K G Denbigh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
645. "Nomination Archive – Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
646. "Nomination Archive – Eugene Patrick Kennedy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
647. "Nomination Archive – B M Kozyrev". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
648. "Nomination Archive - A.O.C Nier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
649. "Nomination Archive - Alfred C Nier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
650. "Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften – Eiji Ochiai" (PDF). badw.de. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
651. "Nomination Archive – E Ochiai". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
652. "Nomination Archive – Eugene George Rochow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
653. "Nomination Archive – E Stenhagen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
654. "Nomination Archive – Hans Tuppy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
655. "Nomination Archive – Anthony Leonid Turkevich". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
656. "Nomination Archive - David Warren Turner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
657. "Nomination Archive - O Westphal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
658. "Nomination Archive - Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
659. The University of Leeds Review23 263 (1980)
660. "Nomination Archive – B E Cross". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
661. "A Century of Gibberellin Research" Journal of Plant Growth Regulation34 740-760 (2015)
662. "Nomination Archive – Y Sumiki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
663. "Nomination Archive – T Yabuta". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
664. The Journal of AntibioticsXXVII(12) 1003 (1974)
665. "Nomination Archive – Bernard Lewis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
666. "Nomination Archive – J B Zeldovic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
667. Tetrahedron38(5) 565 (1982)
668. "Nomination Archive – L Velluz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
669. L. Velluz, M. Legrand und M. Grosjean Optical Circular Dichroism. Principles, Measurements, and Applications. Verlag Chemie GmbH., Weinheim/Bergstr., und Academic Press, New York-London, 1965.
670. "Nomination Archive – M Legrand". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
671. "Nomination Archive – M Grosjean". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
672. "Nomination Archive – Klaus Biemann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
673. "Nomination Archive – Arie Jan Haagen-Smit". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
674. "BnF Data - Henri Normant (1907-1997)". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
675. "Nomination Archive - Henri Normant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
676. "Nomination Archive – I Zvara". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
677. "Nomination Archive – Georgy Nikolayevich Flerov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
678. "Nomination Archive – Konstantin Antonovich Petrzhak". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
679. "Nomination Archive – R Hoffman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
680. "Nomination Archive – Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
681. "Nomination Archive – Horace Albert Barker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
682. "Nomination Archive – F P Bundy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
683. "Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques – CALAS Raymond Jean". cths.fr. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
684. "Nomination Archive – R Calas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
685. "Nomination Archive – H J Emeléus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
686. "Nomination Archive – Theodor Förster". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
687. "Nomination Archive – Rolf Huisgen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
688. "Nomination Archive – C Manneback". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
689. "Nomination Archive – David Nachmansohn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
690. "Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani – Piontelli, Roberto". treccani.it. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
691. "Nomination Archive – Roberto Piontelli". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
692. "Nomination Archive – Eugene I Rabinowitch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
693. "Nomination Archive – P A Rebinder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
694. "Nomination Archive – H Witt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
695. "Nomination Archive – Melville Lawrence Wolfrom". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
696. "Nomination Archive – Helmut Zahn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
697. "Nomination Archive – László Zechmeister". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
698. "Nomination Archive – Jacques Bénard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
699. "Nomination Archive – Adolphe Van Tiggelen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
700. "Nomination Archive – J M Buchanan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
701. "Nomination Archive – E Stahl". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
702. "Nomination Archive – Franz Sondheimer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
703. "Nomination Archive – M Julia". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
704. "Nomination Archive – Costin D Nenitzescu". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
705. "Nomination Archive – Rowland Pettit". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
706. "Nomination Archive – W Jost". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
707. "Nomination Archive – Albert Kirrmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
708. "Nomination Archive – Harden M McConnell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
709. "Nomination Archive – Aleksandr Nikolaevich Nesmejanov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
710. "Nomination Archive – Gilbert Stork". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
711. "Nomination Archive – Pehr Victor Edman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
712. "Nomination Archive – Jerker Porath". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
713. "Nomination Archive – Jerome L Karle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
714. "Nomination Archive – John Charles Polanyi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
715. "Nomination Archive – Elias James Corey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
716. "Nomination Archive – Sune K Bergström". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
717. "Nomination Archive - Walter Houser Brattain". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
718. "Nomination Archive - John O'Mara Bockris". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
719. "Nomination Archive - Herbert Spencer Harned". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
720. "NAS Biographical Memoirs - Herbert Spencer Harned" (PDF). nasonline.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
721. "Nomination Archive - John Desmond Bernal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
722. "Nomination Archive - Gaston Charlot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
723. "Nomination Archive - M Delhaye". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
724. "Nomination Archive - Boris Vladimirovich Derjagin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
725. "Nomination Archive - Nikolay Markovich Emanuel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
726. "Nomination Archive – Matthew Stanley Meselson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
727. "NAS Biographical Memoirs - George Scatchard" (PDF). nasonline.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
728. "Nomination Archive - George Scatchard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
729. "Nomination Archive - H. T. F. Wieland". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
730. "Nomination Archive - A van Dorp". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
731. "Nomination Archive - David Mervyn Blow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
732. "Nomination Archive - David Chilton Phillips". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
733. "Nomination Archive - W Hückel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
734. CHIMIA55(5), 472-473 (2001)
735. "Nomination Archive - Christian Klixbüll-Jørgensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
736. "Nomination Archive - J W Boag". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
737. "Nomination Archive - E J Hart". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
738. "Nomination Archive - Robert L Platzman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
739. Radiation Research143(3) 349-351 (1995)
740. Radiation Research58(3) 559-563 (1974)
741. "Nomination Archive - Joseph Chatt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
742. "Nomination Archive - Stig M Claesson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
743. "Nomination Archive - George Simms Hammond". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
744. "Nomination Archive - Aleksandr Nikolaevich Terenin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
745. "Nomination Archive - Charles Gilbert Overberger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
746. "Nomination Archive - H M Frey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
747. "Nomination Archive - J Hine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
748. "Nomination Archive - W Kirmse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
749. "Nomination Archive - Nomination for Nobel Prize in Chemistry Year: 1974 Number: 74 - 0". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
750. "Nomination Archive - Tetsuo Nozoe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.