List of Romanian Nobel laureates and nominees

Last updated

As of 2023, Romania has produced four Nobel laureates in the fields of Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Nobel Peace Prize. [1]

Contents

Laureates

YearImageLaureateBornDiedFieldCitation
Citizens
1974 George Emil Palade 2021 stamp of Romania (cropped).jpg George Emil Palade 19 November 1912 in Iași, Romania8 October 2008 in Del Mar, California, United States Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell." [2]
(shared with American-Belgian cell biologist Albert Claude and Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve)
1986 ELIE WIESEL (5112581267) (cropped).jpg Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel 30 September 1928 in Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș, Romania2 July 2016 in Manhattan, New York, United States Peace "for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace, atonement and dignity." [3]
2010 Herta Muller Literaturfest Munchen 2016 (cropped).jpg Herta Müller 17 August 1953 in Nițchidorf, Timiș, Romania Literature "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed." [4]
2014 Stefan W Hell (cropped).jpg Stefan Walter Hell 23 December 1962 in Arad, Romania Chemistry "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy." [5]
(shared with American physicist Eric Betzig and physical chemist William E. Moerner)
Expatriates
1907 Eduard Buchner (Nobel 1907) (cropped).jpg Eduard Buchner 20 May 1860 in Munich, Bavaria, Germany13 August 1917 in Focșani, Vrancea, Romania Chemistry "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation." [6]

Nominations

Nominees

ImageNomineeBornDiedYears NominatedCitationNominator(s)
Physics
Hermann Oberth 1950s (cropped).jpg Hermann Julius Oberth 25 June 1894 in Sibiu, Romania28 December 1989 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany1967 [lower-alpha 1] "for contributions to astronautics and rocketry, and discovering the effect for fuel-saving maneuvers in interplanetary space flights (Oberth effect)." [8] Ferdinand Cap  [ de ]
(1924–2016)
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
Chemistry
Costin Nenitescu 1952 (cropped).jpg Costin Nenițescu 15 July 1902 in Bucharest, Romania28 July 1970 in Bușteni, Prahova, Romania1969 [lower-alpha 2] "for discovering two new syntheses for the indole nucleus, and a new method of polymerisation of ethylene. [10] Paul Doughty Bartlett
(1907–1997)
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Physiology or Medicine
Victor Babes (cropped).jpg Victor Babeș 28 July 1854 in Vienna, Austria19 October 1926 in Bucharest, Romania1914 [lower-alpha 3] "for work on pathological anatomy, and the discovery of the first piroplasmosis." [11] Mihail Manicatide  [ ro ]
(1867–1954)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
1924"for work on the pathological anatomy, symptomatology, prophylaxis and treatment of pellagra." [12] Gheorghe Marinescu et al. [lower-alpha 4]
(1863–1938)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
Constantin Levaditi (cropped).jpg Constantin Levaditi 1 August 1874 in Galați, Romania5 September 1953 in Paris, France1922"for work on the virus of poliomyelitis, influenza and sleeping sickness." [13] Richard Bruynoghe  [ nl ]
(1881–1957)
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium
1924"for work on experimental syphilis." João de Aguiar Pupo  [ pt ]
(1890–1980)
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
1927"for discovery of new chemical treatments for syphilis, and of a new method for the prevention of the disease." [13] Germund Wirgin  [ sv ]
(1868–1939)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
1930"for work on metallotherapy in the treatment of spirochet diseases, and work on the use of bismuth and stovarsol in the treatment of syphilis." [13] Jean Lépine  [ fr ] et al. [lower-alpha 5]
(1876–1967)
Flag of France.svg  France
1931"for work on the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of metals, especially bismuth, in the treatment of syphilis, and the conditions at which their pharmacodynamic effects arise." [13] Israel Holmgren et al. [lower-alpha 6]
(1871–1961)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
1932"for work on chemotherapy, and work on bismuth therapy against syphilis and syphilis prevention." [13] Nobel prize winner.svg Karl Landsteiner et al. [lower-alpha 7]
(1868–1943)
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1933"Work on the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of bismuth on syphilis." [13] Carl Kling  [ sv ] et al. [lower-alpha 8]
(1879–1967)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
1934"for work on syphilis, especially on metallotherapy and metalloprophylaxis, and on treponema's states of latency." [13] Louis Spillman
(1875–1940)
Flag of France.svg  France
1935"for work in the area of microbiology, Wassermann's reaction, the treatment of syphilis and the pathogenesis in tertiary syphilis." [13] Henri Gougerot
(1881–1955)
Flag of France.svg  France
1938"for work on the use of bismuth in the therapy of syphilis." [13] Ștefan S. Nicolau
(1896–1967)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
1939"for work on bacteriology, ultra virus, sulphanilamides and chemotherapy, particularly on the introduction of the use of bismuth in the treatment of syphilis." [13] René Le Blaye et al. [lower-alpha 9]
(1881–1941)
Flag of France.svg  France
Prof. Thos. Jonnesco (cropped).jpg Thoma Ionescu  [ ro ]13 September 1860 in Ploiești, Prahova, Romania28 March 1926 in Bucharest, Romania1924"for work on the anatomy, physiology and surgery of the neck and chest sympathicus." [14] Nicolae Paulescu et al. [lower-alpha 10]
(1869–1931)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
Profesor Ion Cantacuzino - 05 (cropped).JPG Ioan Cantacuzino 25 November 1863 in Bucharest, Romania14 January 1934 in Bucharest, Romania1933"for work on immunity reaction on invertebrates and contact immunity." [15] E. Techoueyres el al. [lower-alpha 11]
Flag of France.svg  France
Literature
A D Xenopol (cropped).jpg Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol 23 March 1847 in Iași, Romania27 February 1920 in Bucharest, Romania 1901, 1909 The History of the Romanians in Trajan's Dacia (1888–93)
The Fundamental Principles of History (1899) [16]
Ion Găvănescu  [ ro ]
(1859–1949)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
Szabo Dezso iro (cropped).jpg Dezső Szabó 10 June 1879 in Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania13 January 1945 in Budapest, Hungary 1935 [lower-alpha 12] The Eroded Village (1919)
Wonderful Life (1920)
Resurrection in Makucska (1925) [17]
Björn Collinder
(1894–1983)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Princess Marthe Bibesco, nee Marthe Lucie Lahovary (1886-1973) (cropped).jpg Martha Bibescu 28 January 1886 in Bucharest, Romania28 November 1973 in Paris, France 1956 The Green Parrot (1923)
Isvor, Land of Willows (1924)
Catherine-Paris (1927)
At the Ball with Marcel Proust (1928) [18]
Auguste-Armand de la Force et al. [lower-alpha 13]
(1878–1961)
Flag of France.svg  France
Mircea Eliade young (cropped).jpg Mircea Eliade 13 March 1907 in Bucharest, Romania22 April 1986 in Chicago, Illinois, United States 1957 Bengal Nights (1933)
Miss Christina (1936)
Marriage in Heaven (1938)
The Forbidden Forest (1955)
The Forge and the Crucible (1956) [19]
Ernest Koliqi
(1903–1975)
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania
1968 Stig Wikander
(1908–1983)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Paul Celan 1938 (cropped).jpg Paul Celan 23 November 1920 in Cernăuți, Romania (now Chernivtsi, Ukraine)20 April 1970 in Paris, France 1964 The Sand from the Urns (1948)
Poppy and Destiny (1952)
From Threshold to Threshold (1955)
The No-One's-Rose (1963)
Breathturn (1967)
Threadsuns (1968) [20]
Hermann Bausinger et al. [lower-alpha 14]
(1926–2021)
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
1966 Henry Olsson
(1896–1985)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
1968 unnamed nominator
1969 Heinz Politzer et al. [lower-alpha 15]
(1910–1978)
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
Eugene Ionesco 01 (cropped).jpg Eugène Ionesco 26 November 1909 in Slatina, Olt, Romania28 March 1994 in Paris, France 1964 The Bald Soprano (1948)
Jack, or The Submission (1950)
The Lesson (1951)
The Chairs (1951)
Victims of Duty (1952)
The New Tenant (1953)
The Picture (1955)
The Killer (1959)
Rhinoceros (1959)
Exit the King (1962)
The Hermit (1973) [21]
Erik Lindegren
(1910–1968)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
1967, 1971 Karl Ragnar Gierow
(1904–1982)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
1968 Walter Mönch  [ de ] et al. [lower-alpha 16]
(1905–1994)
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
1969 Eyvind Johnson
(1900–1976)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
1970 Louis Alexander MacKay
(1901–1982)
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1972 Johannes Söderlind
(1918–2001)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Tudor Arghezi.jpg Tudor Arghezi 21 May 1880 in Bucharest, Romania14 July 1967 in Bucharest, Romania 1965 Fitting Words (1927)
Flowers of Mildew (1932)
The Black Gate (1932)
Tablets from the Land of Kuty (1934) [22]
Angelo Monteverdi  [ it ]
(1886–1967)
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Zaharia Stancu (cropped).jpg Zaharia Stancu 7 October 1902 in Salcia, Teleorman, Romania5 December 1974 in Bucharest, Romania 1969 Simple Poems (1927)
Camp Days (1945)
Barefoot (1948)
A Gamble with Death (1962)
The Mad Forest (1963)
The Gypsy Tribe (1968) [23] [24]
Șerban Cioculescu et al. [lower-alpha 17]
(1902–1988)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
1971 Karl Ragnar Gierow
(1904–1982)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
1972 Nobel prize winner.svg Miguel Ángel Asturias et al. [lower-alpha 18]
(1899–1974)
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala
1973 Alf Lombard et al. [lower-alpha 19]
(1902–1996)
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Eugen Barbu (cropped).jpg Eugen Barbu 20 February 1924 in Bucharest, Romania7 September 1993 in Bucharest, Romania 1970 Golden Triplet (1956)
The Pit (1957)
The Making of the World (1964)
The Prince (1969) [25]
Alexandru Rosetti
(1895–1990)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
ELIE WIESEL (5112581267) (cropped).jpg Elie Wiesel 30 September 1928 in Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș, Romania2 July 2016 in Manhattan, New York, United States 1971 Night (1960)
Dawn (1961)
Day (1962)
The Gates of the Forest (1964)
The Oath (1973) [26] [24]
Gerd Høst  [ no ]
(1915–2007)
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
1972 André Neher
(1914–1988)
Flag of France.svg  France
1973 Robert Alter et al. [lower-alpha 20]
(born 1935)
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Eugen Jebeleanu (cropped).jpg Eugen Jebeleanu 24 April 1911 in Câmpina, Prahova, Romania21 August 1991 in Bucharest, Romania 1973 The Smile of Hiroshima (1958)
Lidice, Songs against Death (1963)
Elegy for the Cut Flower (1966) [24]
Miron Nicolescu et al. [lower-alpha 21]
(1903–1975)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
Peace [27]
BLANK ICON (cropped).png Vespasian Pella 17 January 1897 in Bucharest, Romania24 August 1952 in New York City, New York, United States1926"for promoting the idea of international criminal proceedings against war crimes through a special international tribunal." [28] Constantin Dissescu
(1854–1932)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
BLANK ICON (cropped).png Peter Tomaschek11 July 1882 in Siret, Suceava, Romania1 December 1940 in Siret, Suceava, Romania1931"for his visionary ideas on the issues of world peace." [lower-alpha 22] [30] Pantelimon Chirilă
(1899–1952)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
1933Ștefan Percec
(1873–1938)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
1934, 1935, 1936, 1937Erast Nastasi
(1898-1933)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
Andreo Cseh -- date and place unknown (cropped).jpg Andreo Cseh 12 September 1895 in Luduș, Mureș County, Romania9 March 1979 in The Hague Netherlands1934 [lower-alpha 23] "for his apostolic action for international understanding and peace, uniting people by means of a common language (Esperanto) and working on reconciliation of mankind." [31] Nobel prize winner.svg Henri La Fontaine
(1854–1943)
Flag of France.svg  France
Eugen Relgis (cropped).jpg Eugen Relgis 22 March 1895 in Iași, Romania24 May 1987 in Montevideo, Uruguay1956"for his steadfast dedication toward humanitarianism and pacifism. [32] members of Japanese Parliament
ELIE WIESEL (5112581267) (cropped).jpg Elie Wiesel 30 September 1928 in Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș, Romania2 July 2016 in Manhattan, New York, United States 1970 "for being a messenger of peace and brotherhood, fighting in for the cause of human rights and building bridges between generations through his literary works." [26] Jean Halpérin  [ fr ] et al. [lower-alpha 24]
(1921–2012)
Flag of France.svg  France
1971 "for, in terms of his own personal experience of horrors and his subsequent efforts for peace, having become a symbol of hope and an inspiration to peoples throughout the world." [26] Fred Roy Harris et al. [lower-alpha 25]
(born 1930)
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1972 George McGovern et al. [lower-alpha 26]
(1922–2012)
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1973 Hubert Humphrey et al. [lower-alpha 27]
(1911–1978)
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Women logo.png 4 Romanian (part of the 1000 PeaceWomen) [lower-alpha 28] began in 2003 in Bern, Switzerland 2005 "in recognition of women's efforts and visibility in promoting peace all over the world." [33]

Notes

  1. Oberth was nominated as a choice for the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Murray Gell-Mann, Kazuhiko Nishijima, Marvin Leonard Goldberger, Nikolay Bogolyubov, Geoffrey Chew, Isaak Pomeranchuk, Louis Leprince-Ringuet, Cormac Ó Ceallaigh, George Rochester, Clifford Charles Butler, Chien-Shiung Wu, James Van Allen, Tullio Regge, Gerhart Lüders, Rafael Armenteros, and Gordon Thompson Danby. [7]
  2. Nenițescu was nominated jointly for the 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Rowland Pettit and Rudolf Criegee by Paul Doughty Bartlett, professor of chemistry at Harvard University. [9]
  3. Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee.
  4. Other nominators of V. Babeș in 1924 included Constantin Daniel (1876–1973), G. Stoicescu (?), Ion Nanu-Muscel  [ ro ] (1862–1938), Mina Minovici (1858–1933), Nicolae Mețianu (1881–1965), Anibal Theohari  [ ro ] (1873–1933), Dimitrie Gerota (1867–1939), Alexandru Obregia  [ ro ] (1860–1937), Ștefan S. Nicolau (1896–1967), Ernest Juvara (1870–1930), Mihail Manicatide  [ ro ] (1867–1954), and D. Manolescu (?), all from Flag of Romania.svg  Romania.
  5. Other nominators of Levaditi in 1930 included Erich Hoffmann (1868–1959) of Flag of Germany.svg  Germany, Germund Wirgin  [ sv ] (1868–1939) of Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden, Émile Roux (1853–1933) of Flag of France.svg  France and Carl Kling  [ sv ] (1879–1967) of Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden.
  6. Other nominators of Levaditi in 1931 included Jules Guiart  [ fr ] (1870–1965) of Flag of France.svg  France, George Raiziss (?) of the Flag of the United States.svg  United States, Germund Wirgin  [ sv ] (1868–1939) of Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden, and Carl Kling  [ sv ] (1879–1967) of Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden, W. Scholtz (?) of Flag of Germany.svg  Germany, Nicolae Minovici (1868–1941), Iuliu Hațieganu (1885–1959), Dimitrie Negru  [ ro ] (1883–1955), Victor Papilian  [ ro ] (1920–1982), C. Grigoriu (?), P. Thomas (?), J. Moldovan (?), J. Jacobovici (?), C. Urechia (?), J. Minea (?), T. Gane (?), T. Vasiliu (?), J. Nițescu (?) and D. Mihail (?), all from Flag of Romania.svg  Romania.
  7. Other nominators of Levaditi in 1932 included Ernest Fourneau (1872–1949) of Flag of France.svg  France, Johan Almkvist  [ sv ] (1869–1945) of Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden, Israel Holmgren (1871–1961) of Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden, Carl Kling  [ sv ] (1879–1967) of Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden and Germund Wirgin  [ sv ] (1868–1939) of Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden.
  8. Other nominators of Levaditi in 1933 included Germund Wirgin  [ sv ] (1868–1939) of Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden.
  9. Other nominators of Levaditi in 1939 included H. Vincent (?) and M. Roblin (?), both from Flag of France.svg  France.
  10. Other nominators of T. Ionescu in 1924 included D. Ionesco (?), I. Balacesco (?), A. Jiano (?), Ernest Juvara (1870–1930), Nicolae Gheorghiu (1867–1958), and D. Manolescu (?), all from Flag of Romania.svg  Romania.
  11. Other nominators of Cantacuzino in 1933 included J. Magrou (?), J. Bouillot (?), and J. Malassez (?), all from Flag of France.svg  France.
  12. Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year.
  13. Other nominators of Bibescu in 1956 included Henri Davignon  [ fr ] (1879–1964) of Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium, Fernand Desonay  [ ro ] (1899–1973) of Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium and Marie-Jeanne Durry  [ fr ] (1901–1980) of Flag of France.svg  France.
  14. Other nominators of Celan in 1964 included Wilhelm Emrich  [ de ] (1909–1998) of Flag of Germany.svg  Germany.
  15. Other nominators of Celan in 1969 included Ernst Wilhelm Meyer  [ de ] (1892–1969), Dietrich Jöns  [ de ] (1924–2011) and Gerhart Baumann  [ de ] (1920–2006), all from Flag of Germany.svg  Germany.
  16. Other nominators of Ionesco in 1968 included Paul Vernois (1920–1997) of Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium.
  17. Other nominators of Stancu in 1969 included Alexandru Philippide (1900–1979), Andrei Oțetea (1894–1977), George Ivașcu (1911–1988), Marin Preda (1922–1980), Virgil Teodorescu  [ ro ] (1909–1987), Aurel Baranga (1913–1979), Ovid Crohmălniceanu (1921–2000), Dumitru Panaitescu-Perpessicius (1891–1971), Demostene Botez (1893–1973), and George Macovescu (1913–2002), all from Flag of Romania.svg  Romania.
  18. Other nominators of Stancu in 1972 included Victor Eftimiu (1889–1972) of Flag of Romania.svg  Romania.
  19. Other nominators included Nobel prize winner.svg Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899–1974) of Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala, Andri Peer  [ ro ] (1921–1985) of Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland, and Virgil Teodorescu  [ ro ] (1909–1987) of Flag of Romania.svg  Romania.
  20. Other nominators included Marver Bernstein (1919–1990), Albert H. Bowker (1919–2008), Jules Brody (1928–2021), Harry J. Cargas (1932–1998), Gerson D. Cohen (1924–1991), David Daiches (1912–2005), Louis Finkelstein (1895–1991), Maurice Stanley Friedman (1921–2012), Victor Gourevitch (1925–2020), Irving Greenberg (born 1933), Irving Halperin (1922–2000), Philip Handler (1917–1981), James McNaughton Hester (1924–2014), Gerd Høst-Heyerdahl (1915–2007), Lothar Kahn (1922–1990), Louis L. Kaplan (1902–2001), Jack Kolbert (born 1927), Nobel prize winner.svg Joshua Lederberg (1925–2008), Nobel prize winner.svg André Michel Lwoff (1902–1994), Gabriel Marcel (1889–1973), Robert Marshak (1916–1992)
  21. Other nominators included Grigore Moisil (1906–1973), Alexandru A. Philippide (1900–1979), and Corneliu Baba (1906–1997), all from Flag of Romania.svg  Romania.
  22. Tomaschek's important studies on world peace were Paneuropa sau Popoarele Unite ale Lumii? Propuneri privind realizarea păcii mondiale ("Paneuropa or the United Nations of the World? Proposals Regarding the Achievement of World Peace", 1931) and arşul milioanelor pentru cucerirea păcii ("Millions March for the Conquest of Peace", 1931). [29]
  23. No Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded this year.
  24. Other nominators of Wiesel in 1970 included Walter Kaufmann (1921–1980) of Flag of Germany.svg  GermanyFlag of the United States.svg  United States "for Wisel's literary works and their ability to communicate to a younger generation how to speak without hatred, even after witnessing man's inhumanity towards other men"; Maurice S. Friedman (1921–2012) of the Flag of the United States.svg  United States "on the grounds of Wiesel's powerful and uniquely influential portrait in his literary work The Jews of Silence and his candor, fairness, and clear trust in mankind despite all that has happened in our time"; and Jean Ziegler (born 1934) of Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland "for Wiesel's courageous and profoundly intelligent efforts to hinder separation of peoples and promote true human connection."
  25. Other nominators of Wisel in 1971 included Amiya Chakravarty (1901–1986) of Flag of India.svg  India "for [Wiesel] being a prominent author, transcendent humanist, and intrepid peace-worker"; Alan Cranston (1914–2000) of the Flag of the United States.svg  United States "for [Wiesel] having offered a moral perspective on the Holocaust which bears broad implications about human nature, civilization, and moral value, and throughout his novels and essays, his travels and lectures, he has been a ceaseless advocate of peace"; Hubert Humphrey (1911–1978) of the Flag of the United States.svg  United States "for throughout Wiesel's novels and essays, his travels and lectures being a ceaseless advocate of peace and for his works of great importance, especially since a generation has passed since the end of the Second World War"; André Monteil (1915–1998) of Flag of France.svg  France "for Wiesel's work against hate, and his faith in mankind and the final victory of the forces of progress and peace"; Jacob Javits (1904–1986) of Flag of the United States.svg  United States "for showing a wisdom born of incredible suffering and a burning desire in his writing to bring the inexorable lessons of the Holocaust home to mankind"; and Emil Fackenheim (1916–2003) of Flag of Israel.svg  Israel without motivations for the nomination.
  26. Other nominators of Wiesel in 1973 included Olivier de Pierrebourg (1908–1973) of Flag of France.svg  France, Walter Kaufmann (1921–1980) of Flag of Germany.svg  GermanyFlag of the United States.svg  United States, Henry M. Jackson (1912–1983) of the Flag of the United States.svg  United States, Paul Stehlin  [ fr ] (1907–1975) of Flag of France.svg  France, Richard A. Falk (born 1930) of the Flag of the United States.svg  United States, Georg Leber (1920–2012) of Flag of Germany.svg  Germany, Haakon Olsen Wika (1899–1981) and Ingemund Gullvåg  [ no ] (1925–1998) of Flag of Norway.svg  Norway.
  27. Other nominators of Wiesel in 1973 included Ingemund Gullvåg (1925–1998) of Flag of Norway.svg  Norway and Henry M. Jackson (1912–1983) of the Flag of the United States.svg  United States.
  28. The four Romanian women who formed part in the 1000 PeaceWomen were Cristina Guseth, Erzsebet Turos, Cornelia Negoiță, and Soknan Han Jung.

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References

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  2. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  3. "The Nobel Peace Prize 1986". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  4. "The Nobel Prize in Literature". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  5. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  6. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  7. "Nomination for 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics by F. Cap". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  8. "Nomination archive – Hermann Oberth". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  9. "Nomination for 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry by Paul Doughty Bartlett". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  10. "Nomination archive – Costin D Nenitzescu". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
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