The Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences are a set of awards given, according to Alfred Nobel's will, to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind." [1]
Since its establishment, the prize has been awarded 609 times to 975 people and 27 organizations including one Filipino Nobel laureate – Rappler journalist Maria Ressa who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2021 with Russian journalist Dmitry Muratov in recognition for their contributions to press freedom. [2] [3]
Before Ressa's win, Filipinos speculated multiple times when and who will be the first to win from their country. [4] According to OPCW member Franz Ontal, winning the Nobel Prize is the last thing a Filipino could think of. [5] Hence, the lack of Nobel laureates from the country. [4]
The American news publication Foreign Policy has listed former Philippine president Corazon Aquino alongside Mahatma Gandhi, Eleanor Roosevelt, Ken Saro-Wiwa and Václav Havel as people who "never won the prize, but should have". [6] [7] Filipino journalist Romulo Virola noted Ramon Magsaysay, Manuel L. Quezon, Felipe Agoncillo, Concepción Felix, Josefa Llanes Escoda, Lope K. Santos, Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, Huseng Batute, Carlos Bulosan, and Zoilo Galang as "Filipinos who could have won the Nobel Prize if only they were nominated." [4]
Despite having only one Nobel laureate, numerous Filipinos (both citizens within the country and living in overseas communities) and Philippine-based organizations were affiliated with laureate organizations of which they contributed largely and were active members at the time the organization was awarded:
Year | Image | Laureate | Born | Field | Citation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021 | Maria Ressa | 2 October 1963 in Manila, Philippines | Peace | "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace." [20] (awarded together with Russian journalist Dmitry Muratov) | |
Since 1929, Filipinos have started to receive nominations for the prestigious Swedish prize. The following list are the nominees with verified nominations from the Nobel Committee and recognized international organizations. There are also other purported nominees whose nominations are yet to be verified since the archives are revealed 50 years after, [21] among them:
Image | Nominee | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Citation | Nominator(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physiology or Medicine | ||||||
Otto Schöbl [j] | 27 August 1877 in Zdice, Czech Republic | 13 October 1938 in Tokyo, Japan | 1929 | "for his experimental work with frambosia which lead to knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of treponematous infections." [38] | Proceso Gabriel (1887–1935) Philippines | |
Onofre Garcia (?) Philippines | ||||||
Proceso Gabriel | 2 July 1887 in Santa Ana, Manila, Philippines | 4 November 1935 in Manila, Philippines | 1929 | "for his contributions to the public health and the sanitary progress of the Philippines." [39] | Dario del Val (?) Philippines | |
Literature | ||||||
Amado Yuzon | 30 August 1906 in Guagua, Pampanga, Philippines | 17 January 1979 in Quezon City, Philippines | 1970 | Poems for Screen Heroines (1949) The Citizen's Poems (1956) The Passion of Rizal, Poet and Martyr (1977) [40] [41] | Chung Tin-wen (?) Taiwan | |
1970, 1973 | Emeterio Barcelon (1897–1978) Philippines | |||||
Jose Garcia Villa | 5 August 1908 in Manila, Philippines | 7 February 1997 in New York City, United States | 1971 | Footnote to Youth (1933) Poems by Doveglion (1941) Have Come, Am Here (1942) Selected Poems and New (1958) [42] [41] | Alejandro Roces (1924–2011) Philippines | |
Pacita Icasiano-Habana (d. 2016) et al. [k] Philippines | ||||||
1973, 1974 | Purita Kalaw Ledesma (1914–2005) Philippines | |||||
Nick Joaquin | 4 May 1917 Paco, Manila, Philippines | 29 May 2004 San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines | 1985 | A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino (1950) The Woman Who Had Two Navels (1961) Cave and Shadows (1983) | [43] [44] | |
Francisco Sionil Jose | 3 December 1924 Rosales, Pangasinan, Philippines | 6 January 2022 Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines | 1985, 1994, 2006 | The Rosales Saga (1962–1984) Ermita (1988) Viajero (1993) Three Filipino Women (1992) | [43] [45] [46] | |
Peace | ||||||
Carlos P. Romulo | 14 January 1898 in Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines | 15 December 1985 in Manila, Philippines | 1952 | "for his contribution in international cooperation, in particular on questions on undeveloped areas, and as president for UN's 4th General Assembly." [47] | Jose Maria Hernandez (1904–1982) Philippines | |
United Poets Laureate International | founded on 30 September 1963 in Manila, Philippines | 1967 | "for promoting world brotherhood and peace through poetry" [48] | Angel Macapagal (1917–1993) Philippines | ||
Marcelo Nubla | September 12, 1898 in Manila, Philippines | November 12, 1985 in the Philippines | 1973 | [49] | Jose Roy (1904–1986) Philippines | |
Rafael M. Salas | August 7, 1928 in Bago, Negros Occidental, Philippines | March 4, 1987 in Washington, D.C., United States | 1974 | [50] | José Figueres Ferrer (1906–1990) Costa Rica | |
Imelda Romualdez-Marcos | 2 July 1929 in San Miguel, Manila, Philippines | 1978 | "for her valor in establishing diplomatic relations and peace dialogues with the Libyan dictator Mu'ammar Al-Qadhdhāfī." [51] [52] [53] | Blas Ople (1927–2003) Philippines | ||
Ramon Fernandez (1916–1997) Philippines | ||||||
Aloysius Schwartz | 18 September 1930 in Washington, D.C., United States | 16 March 1992 in Manila, Philippines | 1984, 1992 | "for his ministry to thousands of poor children around the world." [54] [55] | Bob Dornan (born 1933) United States | |
Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino | 25 January 1933 in Paniqui, Tarlac, Philippines | 1 August 2009 in Makati, Philippines | 1987 | "for her non-violent efforts to restore democracy in the Philippines." [56] [57] [58] |
| |
Antonio Fortich, D.D. | 11 August 1913 in Sibulan, Negros Oriental, Philippines | 2 July 2003 in Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines | 1989 | "for being a strong advocate of the rights of the poor and a critic of an unjust social economic system." [59] [60] [61] |
| |
Fidel V. Ramos | 18 March 1928 in Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippines | 31 July 2022 in Makati, Philippines | 1997 | "for ending the long years of conflict between the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Fronts through the 1996 Final Peace Agreement." [62] [63] [64] | Organisation of Islamic Cooperation | |
Nur Misuari | 3 March 1939 in Tapul, Sulu, Philippines | — | ||||
Shay Cullen, S.S.C.M.E. | 27 March 1943 in Dublin, Ireland | — | 2001, 2002, 2003, 2017 | "for their commitment in protecting the rights of women and children and campaigning for freedom from sex slavery and human trafficking in the Philippines." [65] [66] [67] |
| |
PREDA Foundation | founded in 1974 in Zambales, Philippines | |||||
27 Filipino women (part of the 1000 PeaceWomen) [l] | began in 2003 in Bern, Switzerland | 2005 | "in recognition of women's efforts and visibility in promoting peace all over the world." [69] |
| ||
Leila de Lima | 27 August 1959 in Iriga, Camarines Sur, Philippines | — | 2020, 2021 | "for her campaign against extrajudicial killings and stand against dictatorial regimes." [70] [71] | Hakima el Haité (born 1963) Morocco | |
Maria Ressa [m] | 2 October 1963 in Manila, Philippines | — | 2021 | "for her brave commitments to free expression, human dignity and democratic government in reporting on the authoritarian Duterte administration." [73] [74] | Jonas Gahr Støre (born 1960) Norway | |
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz [n] | 19 October 1952 in Besao, Mt. Province, Philippines | — | 2023 | "for her non-violent struggle to protect and strengthen the rights of indigenous peoples" [75] | Peace Research Institute Oslo |
The following Philippines-based organizations and Filipino individuals have nominated various candidates, local and international, for the Nobel Prize. [76]
Image | Nominee | Born | Died | Nominator | Motivation | Year Nominated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physiology or Medicine | ||||||
Onofre Garcia | — | — | Otto Schöbl (1877–1938) Czechoslovakia | "for his experimental work with frambosia which lead to knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of treponematous infections." | 1929 [77] | |
Proceso Gabriel | 2 July 1877 in Manila, Philippines | 4 November 1935 in Manila, Philippines | 1929 [39] | |||
Dario Del Val | — | — | Proceso Gabriel (1877–1935) Philippines | "for his contributions to the public health and the sanitary progress of the Philippines." | 1929 [78] | |
Literature | ||||||
Manuel Briones | 1 January 1893 in Mandaue, Cebu, Philippines | 29 September 1957 in Manila, Philippines | Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968) Spain | Crónicas Generales de España (1898) Orígenes del Español (1926) Flor Nueva de Romances Viejos (1928) La España del Cid (1929) Romancero Hispánico: Teoría e Historia (1953) | 1956 [79] | |
Jesús Castañon, O.P. | — | — | 1956 [80] | |||
Emeterio Barcelón | 1897 in Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines | 1978 in Philippines | Amado Yuzon (1906–1979) Philippines | Poems for Screen Heroines (1949) The Citizen's Poems (1956) The Passion of Rizal, Poet and Martyr (1977) | 1970, [81] 1973 [81] | |
Chen Minghua (born 1950) China | Five-Colored Flowers [五色花] Returning to the Sun [回阳时节] Listening to Hometown [聆听乡土] Wind Blowing in the Western Regions [风吹西域] | 1974 [82] | ||||
Alejandro Roces | 13 July 1924 in Manila, Philippines | 23 May 2011 in Manila, Philippines | Jose Garcia Villa (1908–1997) Philippines United States | Footnote to Youth (1933) Poems by Doveglion (1941) Have Come, Am Here (1942) Selected Poems and New (1958) | 1971 [83] | |
Pacita Icasiano-Habana [k] | — | 17 August 2016 in the Philippines | 1971 [84] | |||
Purita Kalaw Ledesma | 2 February 1914 in Manila, Philippines | 29 April 2005 in Manila, Philippines | 1973, [85] 1974 [82] | |||
Peace | ||||||
Jose Maria Hernandez | 19 June 1904 in the Philippines | 14 July 1982 in the Philippines | Carlos P. Romulo (1898–1985) Philippines | "for his contribution in international cooperation, in particular on questions on undeveloped areas, and as president for UN's 4th General Assembly." | 1952 [86] | |
Guadalupe Forés-Ganzon | 8 July 1908 in Baliuag, Bulacan, Philippines | 1985 in the Philippines | Hermann Gmeiner (1919–1986) Austria | "for founding SOS Children's Villages, wherein care for and education of homeless orphans obliterate racial and cultural barriers, making them useful members of our future society." | 1964 [87] | |
Angel Macapagal | 2 October 1917 in Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines | 6 November 1993 in Los Angeles, California, United States | United Poets Laureate International (founded 1963) Philippines | "for promoting world brotherhood and peace through poetry." | 1967 [88] | |
Amadeo Cruz | 30 October 1903 in Navotas, Philippines | 25 December 1971 in Manila, Philippines | Spurgeon M. Keeny (1893–1988) United States | "for his dedication and concern for the welfare of humanity, devotedly working towards bettering the state of life for peoples in the world and contributed greatly to the fight against diseases and later population control in Asia." | 1971 [89] | |
Carlos P. Romulo | 14 January 1898 in Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines | 15 December 1985 in Manila, Philippines | Norman Cousins (1915–1990) United States | 1972 [49] | ||
Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973) United States | 1973 [49] | |||||
Gil Puyat | 1 September 1907 in Manila, Philippines | 23 March 1980 in Makati, Philippines | Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973) United States | 1973 [49] | ||
Jose Roy | 19 July 1904 in Moncada, Tarlac, Philippines | 14 March 1986 in Manila, Philippines | Marcelo Nubla (1898–1984?) Philippines | 1973 [49] | ||
Ferdinand Marcos | 11 September 1917 in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippines | 28 September 1989 in Honolulu, Hawaii, Philippines | Josip Broz Tito (1892–1980) Yugoslavia | 1973 [49] | ||
Blas Ople | 3 February 1927 in Hagonoy, Bulacan, Philippines | 14 December 2003 in Taoyuan, Taiwan | Imelda R. Marcos (born 1929) Philippines | "for her valor in establishing diplomatic relations and peace dialogues with the Libyan dictator Mu'ammar Al-Qadhdhāfī." | 1978 [52] | |
Ramon Fernandez Sr. | 16 February 1916 in Libon, Albay, Philippines | 25 March 1997 in Manila, Philippines | 1978 [52] | |||
Raul Manglapus | 20 October 1918 in Manila, Philippines | 25 July 1999 in Muntinlupa, Philippines | Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino (1933–2009) Philippines | "for her non-violent efforts to restore democracy in the Philippines." | 1987 [90] | |
Antonio Paris | — | — | Henry Reeve Brigade (founded in 2005) Cuba | "for their altruistic work carried out in 2020 to save more than 10,000 patients who contracted the COVID-19 virus in 38 foreign countries and to serve another 355,000 people affected by the pandemic." | 2021 [91] [92] | |
Edgar Erice | 15 June 1960 in Quezon City, Philippines | — | AirLabs (founded in 2017) United Kingdom | "for their fight against air pollution and to the significant role played by science in developing clean-air technologies for good health and well-being worldwide." | 2022 [93] |
The Nobel Prize in Physics is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony.
Maria Angelita Ressa is a Filipino and American journalist. She is the co-founder and CEO of Rappler. She previously spent nearly two decades working as a lead investigative reporter in Southeast Asia for CNN. She is a Professor of Professional Practice in the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University and has been a Distinguished Fellow at Columbia's new Institute of Global Politics since fall of 2023.
Amado Magcalas Yuzon was a Filipino academic, journalist, politician and writer.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually to people who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." The Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary History describes it as "the most prestigious prize in the world."
Rappler is a Filipino online news website based in Pasig, Metro Manila, the Philippines. It was founded by 2021 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Maria Ressa along with a group of fellow Filipino journalists as well as technopreneurs. It started as a Facebook page named MovePH in August 2011 and evolved into a website on January 1, 2012.
The 2021 Nobel Peace Prize was announced by the Norwegian Nobel Committee in Oslo on 8 October 2021. Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov received the prize "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."
The 2023 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi "for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all." She is the second Nobel Peace Prize laureate from Iran, following Shirin Ebadi, who won in 2003. As of the announcement of the prize in October 2023, Mohammadi was still imprisoned in Iran.
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