Symplocos

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Symplocos
Temporal range: Eocene–Present
Symplocos lucida SZ24.png
Plate by Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Symplocaceae
Genus: Symplocos
Jacq. [1]
Species

See text

Diversity
c. 400 species
Synonyms [1]
  • Barberina Vell.
  • Bobu Adans.
  • Bobua DC.
  • Carlea C.Presl
  • Catonia Vell.
  • Chasseloupia Vieill.
  • Ciponima Aubl.
  • Cofer Loefl.
  • Cordyloblaste Hensch. ex Moritzi
  • Decadia Lour.
  • Dicalix Lour.
  • Drupatris Lour.
  • Hopea L.
  • Hypopogon Turcz.
  • Lodhra Guill.
  • Mongezia Vell.
  • Palura (G.Don) Miers
  • Praealstonia Miers
  • Protohopea Miers
  • Sariava Reinw.
  • Stemmatosiphum Pohl
  • Suringaria Pierre

Symplocos is a genus of flowering plants in the order Ericales. It contains about 300 species distributed in Asia and the Americas. Many species grow in humid tropical regions. This is sometimes considered to be the only genus in family Symplocaceae. [2] Plants in this family are shrubs and trees with white or yellow flowers. [3] The oldest fossils of the genus date to the lower Eocene of Europe and North America, with the genus being present in Europe as late as the Pliocene. [4] [5] Fossil seeds of †Symplocos granulosa are frequent in sediment rock layers of the Late Oligocene to the Late Miocene of Denmark, Germany, Austria and Poland. The fossil seeds are very similar to the seeds of the extan southern Chinese species Symplocos glandulifera and Symplocos sulcata. Fossil seeds of †Symplocos paucicostata are known from the Middle Pliocene sediment rock layers in Reuver, the Netherlands and from the Late Pliocene sediment rock layers in northern Italy. The fossil seeds are very similar to the seeds of the extant East Asian species Symplocos paniculata [6]

Selected species

  • var. montana — Northeast Queensland, Australia
  • var. stawellii — Australia

Related Research Articles

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<i>Koelreuteria paniculata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Olea</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Elaeocarpus</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Wrightia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Wrightia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. It native to tropical Africa, China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and Australia. The species are all small trees or shrubs.

<i>Neolitsea</i> Genus of shrubs

Neolitsea is a genus of about 85 species of evergreen shrubs and small trees in the laurel family Lauraceae. They range from Indo-Malaysia to East Asia to Australia. The leaves are alternate, clustered, or verticillate, rarely subopposite. Species are dioecious, with separate male and female plants.

<i>Distylium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Distylium (winter-hazel) is a genus of about 18 species of evergreen shrubs and trees in the witch hazel family, Hamamelidaceae, native to eastern and southeastern Asia.

<i>Murraya paniculata</i> Species of plant

Murraya paniculata, commonly known as orange jasmine, orange jessamine, china box or mock orange, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to South Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia. It has smooth bark, pinnate leaves with up to seven egg-shaped to elliptical leaflets, fragrant white or cream-coloured flowers and oval, orange-red berries containing hairy seeds.

<i>Helicia</i> Genus of plants in the family Proteaceae

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symplocaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Symplocaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, including two genera, Symplocos and Cordyloblaste, totalling about 260 known species. The common name for Symplocaceae is sweetleaf. Symplocaceae has a transpacific distribution that covers the Southeast United States, South America, Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Plants in the family Symplocaceae are generally trees or shrubs, and are found in humid, tropical, montane forests within their range.

S. tinctoria may refer to:

<i>Symplocos tinctoria</i> Species of plant

Symplocos tinctoria is a deciduous or evergreen shrub or tree. It is recognized by pith of twigs chambered; by foliage not notably aromatic when bruised, leaves finely hairy beneath. Shrubs or trees to 17 m tall by 36 cm diameter at breast height. The largest first-year twigs are under 3 mm across, terminal buds with acute tip, scales ciliate. Leaves are 7–15 cm long, margin entire or occasionally some teeth on the apical half, with a sweet taste that may be faint in old leaves. It is conspicuous when in flower; flowers opening before new leaves develop, fragrant, in clusters from axils of previous year's leaves or from just above the leaf scars if the leaves have fallen; the petals are creamy yellow to yellow, with one pistil. Fruits nearly cylindrical to ellipsoid drupes 8–12 mm long, with thin pulp and a hard stone containing one seed; the tip usually retaining parts of the sepals. Foliage is relished by browsing wildlife. A yellow dye may be obtained from bark and leaves. It flowers March to May.

<i>Daphniphyllum macropodum</i> Species of tree

Daphniphyllum macropodum is a shrub or small tree found in China, Japan and Korea. Like all species in the genus Daphniphyllum, D. macropodum is dioecious, that is male and female flowers are borne on different plants. The timber is used in China in construction and furniture making. It is grown as an ornamental plant, chiefly for its foliage.

Symplocos anomala is a plant in the family Symplocaceae.

<i>Bhesa indica</i> Species of flowering plant

Bhesa indica is a flowering plant tree species in the Centroplacaceae family. It is distributed along the tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India. It is considered synonymous with Bhesa paniculata by some authors.

<i>Symplocos paniculata</i> Species of tree

Symplocos paniculata, called Asiatic sweetleaf or sapphire-berry, is a species of tree in the family Symplocaceae. It is native to all of eastern Asia and was introduced to the United States in around 1871. It is a tree reaching 12 m (39 ft) in favorable conditions, though it is often more shrub-like, and is used as an ornamental due to its visually striking blue fruit from which it derives its common name.

References

  1. 1 2 "Symplocos". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  2. Wang, Y.; Fritsch, P.W.; Shi, S.; Almeda, F.; Cruz, B.C.; Kelly, L.M. (2004). "Phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Symplocos (Symplocaceae) inferred from DNA sequence data". American Journal of Botany. 91 (11): 1901–14. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1901. PMID   21652336.
  3. Symplocaceae. Flora of China.
  4. Sadowski, Eva-Maria; Hofmann, Christa-Charlotte (2023-01-12). "The largest amber-preserved flower revisited". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 17. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24549-z. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   9837116 . PMID   36635320.
  5. Manchester, Steven R.; Fritsch, Peter W. (January 2014). "European fossil fruits of Sphenotheca related to extant Asian species of Symplocos: Sphenotheca transferred to Symplocos". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 52 (1): 68–74. doi:10.1111/jse.12060. S2CID   86227214.
  6. A reconsideration of the diversity of Symplocos in the European Neogene on the basis of fruit morphology by D. H. Mai and Edoardo Martinetto - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 140(1):1-26, June 2006 - DOI:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.02.001
  7. English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 650. ISBN   978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016 via Korea Forest Service.