| Truncated dodecahedron | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Archimedean solid |
| Faces | 32 |
| Edges | 90 |
| Vertices | 60 |
| Symmetry group | icosahedral symmetry |
| Dihedral angle (degrees) | 10-10: 116.57° 3-10: 142.62° |
| Dual polyhedron | Triakis icosahedron |
| Vertex figure | |
 | |
| Net | |
 | |
In geometry, the truncated dodecahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 12 regular decagonal faces, 20 regular triangular faces, 60 vertices and 90 edges.
The truncated dodecahedron is constructed from a regular dodecahedron by cutting all of its vertices off, a process known as truncation. [1] Alternatively, the truncated dodecahedron can be constructed by expansion: pushing away the edges of a regular dodecahedron, forming the pentagonal faces into decagonal faces, as well as the vertices into triangles. [2] Therefore, it has 32 faces, 90 edges, and 60 vertices. [3]
The truncated dodecahedron may also be constructed by using Cartesian coordinates. With an edge length centered at the origin, they are all even permutations of where is the golden ratio. [4]
The surface area and the volume of a truncated dodecahedron of edge length are: [3]
The dihedral angle of a truncated dodecahedron between two regular dodecahedral faces is 116.57°, and that between triangle-to-dodecahedron is 142.62°. [5]
The truncated dodecahedron is an Archimedean solid, meaning it is a highly symmetric and semi-regular polyhedron, and two or more different regular polygonal faces meet in a vertex. [6] It has the same symmetry as the regular icosahedron, the icosahedral symmetry. [7] The polygonal faces that meet for every vertex are one equilateral triangle and two regular decagon, and the vertex figure of a truncated dodecahedron is . The dual of a truncated dodecahedron is triakis icosahedron, a Catalan solid, [8] which shares the same symmetry as the truncated dodecahedron. [9]
The truncated dodecahedron is non-chiral, meaning it is congruent to its mirror image. [7]
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a truncated dodecahedral graph is the graph of vertices and edges of the truncated dodecahedron, one of the Archimedean solids. It has 60 vertices and 90 edges, and is a cubic Archimedean graph. [10]
The truncated dodecahedron can be applied in the polyhedron's construction known as the augmentation. Examples of polyhedrons are the Johnson solids, whose constructions are involved by attaching pentagonal cupolas onto the truncated dodecahedron: augmented truncated dodecahedron, parabiaugmented truncated dodecahedron, metabiaugmented truncated dodecahedron, and triaugmented truncated dodecahedron. [3]
A cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with 8 triangular faces and 6 square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertices, with 2 triangles and 2 squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a square. As such, it is a quasiregular polyhedron, i.e., an Archimedean solid that is not only vertex-transitive but also edge-transitive. It is radially equilateral. Its dual polyhedron is the rhombic dodecahedron.
In geometry, the regular icosahedron is a convex polyhedron that can be constructed from pentagonal antiprism by attaching two pentagonal pyramids with regular faces to each of its pentagonal faces, or by putting points onto the cube. The resulting polyhedron has 20 equilateral triangles as its faces, 30 edges, and 12 vertices. It is an example of a Platonic solid and of a deltahedron. The icosahedral graph represents the skeleton of a regular icosahedron.
In geometry, an icosidodecahedron or pentagonal gyrobirotunda is a polyhedron with twenty (icosi-) triangular faces and twelve (dodeca-) pentagonal faces. An icosidodecahedron has 30 identical vertices, with two triangles and two pentagons meeting at each, and 60 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a pentagon. As such, it is one of the Archimedean solids and more particularly, a quasiregular polyhedron.
In geometry, a Kepler–Poinsot polyhedron is any of four regular star polyhedra.
In geometry, the truncated icosahedron is a polyhedron that can be constructed by truncating all of the regular icosahedron's vertices. Intuitively, it may be regarded as footballs that are typically patterned with white hexagons and black pentagons. It can be found in the application of geodesic dome structures such as those whose architecture Buckminster Fuller pioneered are often based on this structure. It is an example of an Archimedean solid, as well as a Goldberg polyhedron.
In geometry, the truncated tetrahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 4 regular hexagonal faces, 4 equilateral triangle faces, 12 vertices and 18 edges. It can be constructed by truncating all 4 vertices of a regular tetrahedron.
In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces, 36 edges, and 24 vertices. Since each of its faces has point symmetry the truncated octahedron is a 6-zonohedron. It is also the Goldberg polyhedron GIV(1,1), containing square and hexagonal faces. Like the cube, it can tessellate 3-dimensional space, as a permutohedron.
In geometry, the rhombicosidodecahedron is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex isogonal nonprismatic solids constructed of two or more types of regular polygon faces.
In geometry, a truncated icosidodecahedron, rhombitruncated icosidodecahedron, great rhombicosidodecahedron, omnitruncated dodecahedron or omnitruncated icosahedron is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex, isogonal, non-prismatic solids constructed by two or more types of regular polygon faces.
In geometry, the snub dodecahedron, or snub icosidodecahedron, is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex isogonal nonprismatic solids constructed by two or more types of regular polygon faces.
The rhombic triacontahedron, sometimes simply called the triacontahedron as it is the most common thirty-faced polyhedron, is a convex polyhedron with 30 rhombic faces. It has 60 edges and 32 vertices of two types. It is a Catalan solid, and the dual polyhedron of the icosidodecahedron. It is a zonohedron.
In geometry, the triakis icosahedron is an Archimedean dual solid, or a Catalan solid, with 60 isosceles triangle faces. Its dual is the truncated dodecahedron. It has also been called the kisicosahedron. It was first depicted, in a non-convex form with equilateral triangle faces, by Leonardo da Vinci in Luca Pacioli's Divina proportione, where it was named the icosahedron elevatum. The capsid of the Hepatitis A virus has the shape of a triakis icosahedron.
In geometry, a pentakis dodecahedron or kisdodecahedron is a polyhedron created by attaching a pentagonal pyramid to each face of a regular dodecahedron; that is, it is the Kleetope of the dodecahedron. Specifically, the term typically refers to a particular Catalan solid, namely the dual of a truncated icosahedron.
In geometry, a disdyakis dodecahedron,, is a Catalan solid with 48 faces and the dual to the Archimedean truncated cuboctahedron. As such it is face-transitive but with irregular face polygons. It resembles an augmented rhombic dodecahedron. Replacing each face of the rhombic dodecahedron with a flat pyramid creates a polyhedron that looks almost like the disdyakis dodecahedron, and is topologically equivalent to it.
In geometry, a deltoidal hexecontahedron is a Catalan solid which is the dual polyhedron of the rhombicosidodecahedron, an Archimedean solid. It is one of six Catalan solids to not have a Hamiltonian path among its vertices.
In geometry, a disdyakis triacontahedron, hexakis icosahedron, decakis dodecahedron or kisrhombic triacontahedron is a Catalan solid with 120 faces and the dual to the Archimedean truncated icosidodecahedron. As such it is face-uniform but with irregular face polygons. It slightly resembles an inflated rhombic triacontahedron: if one replaces each face of the rhombic triacontahedron with a single vertex and four triangles in a regular fashion, one ends up with a disdyakis triacontahedron. That is, the disdyakis triacontahedron is the Kleetope of the rhombic triacontahedron. It is also the barycentric subdivision of the regular dodecahedron and icosahedron. It has the most faces among the Archimedean and Catalan solids, with the snub dodecahedron, with 92 faces, in second place.
In geometry, the complete or final stellation of the icosahedron is the outermost stellation of the icosahedron, and is "complete" and "final" because it includes all of the cells in the icosahedron's stellation diagram. That is, every three intersecting face planes of the icosahedral core intersect either on a vertex of this polyhedron or inside of it. It was studied by Max Brückner after the discovery of Kepler–Poinsot polyhedron. It can be viewed as an irregular, simple, and star polyhedron.
In geometry, the truncated great icosahedron (or great truncated icosahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U55. It has 32 faces (12 pentagrams and 20 hexagons), 90 edges, and 60 vertices. It is given a Schläfli symbol t{3,5⁄2} or t0,1{3,5⁄2} as a truncated great icosahedron.
A regular dodecahedron or pentagonal dodecahedron is a dodecahedron composed of regular pentagonal faces, three meeting at each vertex. It is an example of Platonic solids, described as cosmic stellation by Plato in his dialogues, and it was used as part of Solar System proposed by Johannes Kepler. However, the regular dodecahedron, including the other Platonic solids, has already been described by other philosophers since antiquity.
In geometry, the medial rhombic triacontahedron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is a stellation of the rhombic triacontahedron, and can also be called small stellated triacontahedron. Its dual is the dodecadodecahedron.
