Truncated icosidodecahedron

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Truncated icosidodecahedron
Truncatedicosidodecahedron.jpg
(Click here for rotating model)
Type Archimedean solid
Uniform polyhedron
Elements F = 62, E = 180, V = 120 (χ = 2)
Faces by sides30{4}+20{6}+12{10}
Conway notation bD or taD
Schläfli symbols tr{5,3} or
t0,1,2{5,3}
Wythoff symbol 2 3 5 |
Coxeter diagram CDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.png
Symmetry group Ih, H3, [5,3], (*532), order 120
Rotation group I, [5,3]+, (532), order 60
Dihedral angle 6-10: 142.62°
4-10: 148.28°
4-6: 159.095°
References U 28, C 31, W 16
PropertiesSemiregular convex zonohedron
Polyhedron great rhombi 12-20 max.png
Colored faces		 Polyhedron great rhombi 12-20 vertfig.svg
4.6.10
(Vertex figure)
Polyhedron great rhombi 12-20 dual max.png
Disdyakis triacontahedron
(dual polyhedron)		 Polyhedron great rhombi 12-20 net.svg
Net

In geometry, a truncated icosidodecahedron, rhombitruncated icosidodecahedron, [1] great rhombicosidodecahedron, [2] [3] omnitruncated dodecahedron or omnitruncated icosahedron [4] is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex, isogonal, non-prismatic solids constructed by two or more types of regular polygon faces.

Contents

It has 62 faces: 30 squares, 20 regular hexagons, and 12 regular decagons. It has the most edges and vertices of all Platonic and Archimedean solids, though the snub dodecahedron has more faces. Of all vertex-transitive polyhedra, it occupies the largest percentage (89.80%) of the volume of a sphere in which it is inscribed, very narrowly beating the snub dodecahedron (89.63%) and small rhombicosidodecahedron (89.23%), and less narrowly beating the truncated icosahedron (86.74%); it also has by far the greatest volume (206.8 cubic units) when its edge length equals 1. Of all vertex-transitive polyhedra that are not prisms or antiprisms, it has the largest sum of angles (90 + 120 + 144 = 354 degrees) at each vertex; only a prism or antiprism with more than 60 sides would have a larger sum. Since each of its faces has point symmetry (equivalently, 180° rotational symmetry), the truncated icosidodecahedron is a 15-zonohedron.

Names

The name truncated icosidodecahedron, given originally by Johannes Kepler, is misleading. An actual truncation of an icosidodecahedron has rectangles instead of squares. This nonuniform polyhedron is topologically equivalent to the Archimedean solid.

Alternate interchangeable names are:

Polyhedron 12-20 big.png
Polyhedron nonuniform truncated 12-20 big.png
Icosidodecahedron and its truncation

The name great rhombicosidodecahedron refers to the relationship with the (small) rhombicosidodecahedron (compare section Dissection).
There is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron with a similar name, the nonconvex great rhombicosidodecahedron.

Area and volume

The surface area A and the volume V of the truncated icosidodecahedron of edge length a are:[ citation needed ]

If a set of all 13 Archimedean solids were constructed with all edge lengths equal, the truncated icosidodecahedron would be the largest.

Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a truncated icosidodecahedron with edge length 2φ − 2, centered at the origin, are all the even permutations of: [5]

(±1/φ, ±1/φ, ±(3 + φ)),
(±2/φ, ±φ, ±(1 + 2φ)),
(±1/φ, ±φ2, ±(−1 + 3φ)),
(±(2φ − 1), ±2, ±(2 + φ)) and
(±φ, ±3, ±2φ),

where φ = 1 + √5/2 is the golden ratio.

Dissection

The truncated icosidodecahedron is the convex hull of a rhombicosidodecahedron with cuboids above its 30 squares, whose height to base ratio is φ . The rest of its space can be dissected into nonuniform cupolas, namely 12 between inner pentagons and outer decagons and 20 between inner triangles and outer hexagons.

An alternative dissection also has a rhombicosidodecahedral core. It has 12 pentagonal rotundae between inner pentagons and outer decagons. The remaining part is a toroidal polyhedron.

dissection images
Small in great rhombi 12-20, davinci small with cuboids.png
Small in great rhombi 12-20, davinci.png
These images show the rhombicosidodecahedron (violet) and the truncated icosidodecahedron (green). If their edge lengths are 1, the distance between corresponding squares is φ .
The toroidal polyhedron remaining after the core and twelve rotundae are cut out Toroidal excavated truncated Icosidodecahedron.gif
The toroidal polyhedron remaining after the core and twelve rotundae are cut out

Orthogonal projections

The truncated icosidodecahedron has seven special orthogonal projections, centered on a vertex, on three types of edges, and three types of faces: square, hexagonal and decagonal. The last two correspond to the A2 and H2 Coxeter planes.

Orthogonal projections
Centered byVertexEdge
4-6		Edge
4-10		Edge
6-10		Face
square		Face
hexagon		Face
decagon
Solid Polyhedron great rhombi 12-20 from blue max.png Polyhedron great rhombi 12-20 from yellow max.png Polyhedron great rhombi 12-20 from red max.png
Wireframe Dodecahedron t012 v.png Dodecahedron t012 e46.png Dodecahedron t012 e4x.png Dodecahedron t012 e6x.png Dodecahedron t012 f4.png Dodecahedron t012 A2.png Dodecahedron t012 H3.png
Projective
symmetry		[2]+[2][2][2][2][6][10]
Dual
image		 Dual dodecahedron t012 v.png Dual dodecahedron t012 e46.png Dual dodecahedron t012 e4x.png Dual dodecahedron t012 e6x.png Dual dodecahedron t012 f4.png Dual dodecahedron t012 A2.png Dual dodecahedron t012 H3.png

Spherical tilings and Schlegel diagrams

The truncated icosidodecahedron can also be represented as a spherical tiling, and projected onto the plane via a stereographic projection. This projection is conformal, preserving angles but not areas or lengths. Straight lines on the sphere are projected as circular arcs on the plane.

Schlegel diagrams are similar, with a perspective projection and straight edges.

Orthographic projection Stereographic projections
Decagon-centered Hexagon-centered Square-centered
Uniform tiling 532-t012.png Truncated icosidodecahedron stereographic projection decagon.png Truncated icosidodecahedron stereographic projection hexagon.png Truncated icosidodecahedron stereographic projection square.png

Geometric variations

Within Icosahedral symmetry there are unlimited geometric variations of the truncated icosidodecahedron with isogonal faces. The truncated dodecahedron, rhombicosidodecahedron, and truncated icosahedron as degenerate limiting cases.

Truncated dodecahedron.png Great truncated icosidodecahedron convex hull.png Nonuniform truncated icosidodecahedron.png Uniform polyhedron-53-t012.png Truncated dodecadodecahedron convex hull.png Icositruncated dodecadodecahedron convex hull.png Truncated icosahedron.png Small rhombicosidodecahedron.png
CDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.png

Truncated icosidodecahedral graph

Truncated icosidodecahedral graph
Truncated icosidodecahedral graph.png
5-fold symmetry
Vertices 120
Edges 180
Radius 15
Diameter 15
Girth 4
Automorphisms 120 (A5×2)
Chromatic number 2
Properties Cubic, Hamiltonian, regular, zero-symmetric
Table of graphs and parameters

In the mathematical field of graph theory, a truncated icosidodecahedral graph (or great rhombicosidodecahedral graph) is the graph of vertices and edges of the truncated icosidodecahedron, one of the Archimedean solids. It has 120 vertices and 180 edges, and is a zero-symmetric and cubic Archimedean graph. [6]

Schlegel diagram graphs
Truncated icosidodecahedral graph-hexcenter.png
3-fold symmetry		 Truncated icosidodecahedral graph-squarecenter.png
2-fold symmetry
Conway polyhedron b3I.png Conway polyhedron b3D.png
Bowtie icosahedron and dodecahedron contain two trapezoidal faces in place of the square. [7]
Family of uniform icosahedral polyhedra
Symmetry: [5,3], (*532)[5,3]+, (532)
Uniform polyhedron-53-t0.svg Uniform polyhedron-53-t01.svg Uniform polyhedron-53-t1.svg Uniform polyhedron-53-t12.svg Uniform polyhedron-53-t2.svg Uniform polyhedron-53-t02.png Uniform polyhedron-53-t012.png Uniform polyhedron-53-s012.png
CDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node h.png
{5,3} t{5,3} r{5,3} t{3,5} {3,5} rr{5,3} tr{5,3} sr{5,3}
Duals to uniform polyhedra
Icosahedron.jpg Triakisicosahedron.jpg Rhombictriacontahedron.jpg Pentakisdodecahedron.jpg Dodecahedron.jpg Deltoidalhexecontahedron.jpg Disdyakistriacontahedron.jpg Pentagonalhexecontahedronccw.jpg
V5.5.5 V3.10.10 V3.5.3.5 V5.6.6 V3.3.3.3.3 V3.4.5.4 V4.6.10 V3.3.3.3.5

This polyhedron can be considered a member of a sequence of uniform patterns with vertex figure (4.6.2p) and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram CDel node 1.pngCDel p.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.png. For p < 6, the members of the sequence are omnitruncated polyhedra (zonohedrons), shown below as spherical tilings. For p > 6, they are tilings of the hyperbolic plane, starting with the truncated triheptagonal tiling.

*n32 symmetry mutation of omnitruncated tilings: 4.6.2n
Sym.
*n32
[n,3]		 Spherical Euclid. Compact hyperb.Paraco.Noncompact hyperbolic
*232
[2,3]		*332
[3,3]		*432
[4,3]		*532
[5,3]		*632
[6,3]		*732
[7,3]		*832
[8,3]		*∞32
[∞,3]		 
[12i,3]		 
[9i,3]		 
[6i,3]		 
[3i,3]
Figures Spherical truncated trigonal prism.png Uniform tiling 332-t012.png Uniform tiling 432-t012.png Uniform tiling 532-t012.png Uniform polyhedron-63-t012.png Truncated triheptagonal tiling.svg H2-8-3-omnitruncated.svg H2 tiling 23i-7.png H2 tiling 23j12-7.png H2 tiling 23j9-7.png H2 tiling 23j6-7.png H2 tiling 23j3-7.png
Config. 4.6.4 4.6.6 4.6.8 4.6.10 4.6.12 4.6.14 4.6.16 4.6.∞ 4.6.24i4.6.18i4.6.12i4.6.6i
Duals Spherical hexagonal bipyramid.png Spherical tetrakis hexahedron.png Spherical disdyakis dodecahedron.png Spherical disdyakis triacontahedron.png Tiling Dual Semiregular V4-6-12 Bisected Hexagonal.svg H2checkers 237.png H2checkers 238.png H2checkers 23i.png H2 checkers 23j12.png H2 checkers 23j9.png H2 checkers 23j6.png H2 checkers 23j3.png
Config. V4.6.4 V4.6.6 V4.6.8 V4.6.10 V4.6.12 V4.6.14 V4.6.16 V4.6.∞V4.6.24iV4.6.18iV4.6.12iV4.6.6i

Notes

  1. 1 2 Wenninger Model Number 16
  2. 1 2 Williams (Section 3-9, p. 94)
  3. 1 2 Cromwell (p. 82)
  4. 1 2 Norman Woodason Johnson, "The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs", 1966
  5. ↑ Weisstein, Eric W. "Icosahedral group". MathWorld .
  6. ↑ Read, R. C.; Wilson, R. J. (1998), An Atlas of Graphs, Oxford University Press, p. 269
  7. ↑ Symmetrohedra: Polyhedra from Symmetric Placement of Regular Polygons Craig S. Kaplan

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References

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