Snub cube

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Snub cube
Snubhexahedroncw.jpg
(Click here for rotating model)
Type Archimedean solid
Uniform polyhedron
Elements F = 38, E = 60, V = 24 (χ = 2)
Faces by sides(8+24){3}+6{4}
Conway notation sC
Schläfli symbols sr{4,3} or
ht0,1,2{4,3}
Wythoff symbol | 2 3 4
Coxeter diagram CDel node h.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node h.png
Symmetry group O, 1/2B3, [4,3]+, (432), order 24
Rotation group O, [4,3]+, (432), order 24
Dihedral angle 3-3: 153°14′04″ (153.23°)
3-4: 142°59′00″ (142.98°)
References U 12, C 24, W 17
PropertiesSemiregular convex chiral
Polyhedron snub 6-8 left max.png
Colored faces
Polyhedron snub 6-8 left vertfig.svg
3.3.3.3.4
(Vertex figure)
Polyhedron snub 6-8 left dual max.png
Pentagonal icositetrahedron
(dual polyhedron)
Polyhedron snub 6-8 left net.svg
Net
A geometric construction of the Tribonacci constant (AC), with compass and marked ruler, according to the method described by Xerardo Neira. TRIBONACCI.jpg
A geometric construction of the Tribonacci constant (AC), with compass and marked ruler, according to the method described by Xerardo Neira.
3D model of a snub cube Snub cube.stl
3D model of a snub cube

In geometry, the snub cube, or snub cuboctahedron, is an Archimedean solid with 38 faces: 6 squares and 32 equilateral triangles. It has 60 edges and 24 vertices.

Contents

It is a chiral polyhedron; that is, it has two distinct forms, which are mirror images (or "enantiomorphs") of each other. The union of both forms is a compound of two snub cubes, and the convex hull of both sets of vertices is a truncated cuboctahedron.

Kepler first named it in Latin as cubus simus in 1619 in his Harmonices Mundi. H. S. M. Coxeter, noting it could be derived equally from the octahedron as the cube, called it snub cuboctahedron, with a vertical extended Schläfli symbol , and representing an alternation of a truncated cuboctahedron, which has Schläfli symbol .

Dimensions

For a snub cube with edge length 1, its surface area and volume are:

where t is the tribonacci constant

If the original snub cube has edge length 1, its dual pentagonal icositetrahedron has side lengths

.

In general, the volume of a snub cube with side length can be found with this formula, using the t as the tribonacci constant above: [1]

.

Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a snub cube are all the even permutations of

(±1, ±1/t, ±t)

with an even number of plus signs, along with all the odd permutations with an odd number of plus signs, where t  1.83929 is the tribonacci constant. Taking the even permutations with an odd number of plus signs, and the odd permutations with an even number of plus signs, gives a different snub cube, the mirror image. Taking all of them together yields the compound of two snub cubes.

This snub cube has edges of length , a number which satisfies the equation

and can be written as

To get a snub cube with unit edge length, divide all the coordinates above by the value α given above.

Orthogonal projections

The snub cube has no point symmetry, so the vertex in the front does not correspond to an opposite vertex in the back. Polyhedron snub 6-8 left from vertex.png
The snub cube has no point symmetry, so the vertex in the front does not correspond to an opposite vertex in the back.

The snub cube has two special orthogonal projections, centered, on two types of faces: triangles, and squares, correspond to the A2 and B2 Coxeter planes.

Orthogonal projections
Centered byFace
Triangle
Face
Square
Edge
Solid Polyhedron snub 6-8 left from yellow max.png Polyhedron snub 6-8 left from red max.png Polyhedron snub 6-8 left from blue max.png
Wireframe Snub cube A2.png Snub cube B2.png Snub cube e1.png
Projective
symmetry
[3][4]+[2]
Dual Dual snub cube A2.png Dual snub cube B2.png Dual snub cube e1.png

Spherical tiling

The snub cube can also be represented as a spherical tiling, and projected onto the plane via a stereographic projection. This projection is conformal, preserving angles but not areas or lengths. Great circle arcs (geodesics) on the sphere are projected as circular arcs on the plane.

Spherical snub cube.png Snub cube stereographic projection.png
square-centered
Orthographic projection Stereographic projection

Geometric relations

Polyhedron 6 max.png
Polyhedron small rhombi 6-8 max.png
Polyhedron snub 6-8 left max.png
Cube, rhombicuboctahedron and snub cube (animated expansion and twisting)

The snub cube can be generated by taking the six faces of the cube, pulling them outward so they no longer touch, then giving them each a small rotation on their centers (all clockwise or all counter-clockwise) until the spaces between can be filled with equilateral triangles.

Polyhedron great rhombi 6-8 subsolid snub left maxmatch.png
Polyhedron great rhombi 6-8 max.png
Polyhedron great rhombi 6-8 subsolid snub right maxmatch.png
Uniform alternation of a truncated cuboctahedron

The snub cube can also be derived from the truncated cuboctahedron by the process of alternation. 24 vertices of the truncated cuboctahedron form a polyhedron topologically equivalent to the snub cube; the other 24 form its mirror-image. The resulting polyhedron is vertex-transitive but not uniform.

An "improved" snub cube, with a slightly smaller square face and slightly larger triangular faces compared to Archimedes' uniform snub cube, is useful as a spherical design. [2]

The snub cube is one of a family of uniform polyhedra related to the cube and regular octahedron.

Uniform octahedral polyhedra
Symmetry: [4,3], (*432) [4,3]+
(432)
[1+,4,3] = [3,3]
(*332)
[3+,4]
(3*2)
{4,3} t{4,3} r{4,3}
r{31,1}
t{3,4}
t{31,1}
{3,4}
{31,1}
rr{4,3}
s2{3,4}
tr{4,3} sr{4,3} h{4,3}
{3,3}
h2{4,3}
t{3,3}
s{3,4}
s{31,1}
CDel node 1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node h.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.png
CDel node h0.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.png
= CDel nodes 11.pngCDel split2.pngCDel node.png
CDel node h0.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.png
= CDel nodes 11.pngCDel split2.pngCDel node 1.png
CDel node h0.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.png
= CDel nodes.pngCDel split2.pngCDel node 1.png
CDel node 1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node h.pngCDel node h1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.png =
CDel nodes 10ru.pngCDel split2.pngCDel node.png or CDel nodes 01rd.pngCDel split2.pngCDel node.png
CDel node h1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.png =
CDel nodes 10ru.pngCDel split2.pngCDel node 1.png or CDel nodes 01rd.pngCDel split2.pngCDel node 1.png
CDel node h.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node h0.png =
CDel node h.pngCDel split1.pngCDel nodes hh.png
Uniform polyhedron-43-t0.svg Uniform polyhedron-43-t01.svg Uniform polyhedron-43-t1.svg
Uniform polyhedron-33-t02.png
Uniform polyhedron-43-t12.svg
Uniform polyhedron-33-t012.png
Uniform polyhedron-43-t2.svg
Uniform polyhedron-33-t1.png
Uniform polyhedron-43-t02.png
Rhombicuboctahedron uniform edge coloring.png
Uniform polyhedron-43-t012.png Uniform polyhedron-43-s012.png Uniform polyhedron-33-t0.png Uniform polyhedron-33-t2.png Uniform polyhedron-33-t01.png Uniform polyhedron-33-t12.png Uniform polyhedron-43-h01.svg
Uniform polyhedron-33-s012.svg
Duals to uniform polyhedra
V43 V3.82 V(3.4)2 V4.62 V34 V3.43 V4.6.8 V34.4 V33 V3.62 V35
CDel node f1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel node.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.png
CDel node f1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node f1.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node fh.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node fh.png
Octahedron.jpg Triakisoctahedron.jpg Rhombicdodecahedron.jpg Tetrakishexahedron.jpg Hexahedron.jpg Deltoidalicositetrahedron.jpg Disdyakisdodecahedron.jpg Pentagonalicositetrahedronccw.jpg Tetrahedron.jpg Triakistetrahedron.jpg Dodecahedron.jpg

This semiregular polyhedron is a member of a sequence of snubbed polyhedra and tilings with vertex figure (3.3.3.3.n) and Coxeter–Dynkin diagram CDel node h.pngCDel n.pngCDel node h.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node h.png. These figures and their duals have (n32) rotational symmetry, being in the Euclidean plane for n = 6, and hyperbolic plane for any higher n. The series can be considered to begin with n=2, with one set of faces degenerated into digons.

n32 symmetry mutations of snub tilings: 3.3.3.3.n
Symmetry
n32
Spherical Euclidean Compact hyperbolicParacomp.
23233243253263273283232
Snub
figures
Spherical trigonal antiprism.png Spherical snub tetrahedron.png Spherical snub cube.png Spherical snub dodecahedron.png Uniform tiling 63-snub.svg Snub triheptagonal tiling.svg H2-8-3-snub.svg Uniform tiling i32-snub.png
Config. 3.3.3.3.2 3.3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3.4 3.3.3.3.5 3.3.3.3.6 3.3.3.3.7 3.3.3.3.8 3.3.3.3.
Gyro
figures
Uniform tiling 432-t0.png Uniform tiling 532-t0.png Spherical pentagonal icositetrahedron.png Spherical pentagonal hexecontahedron.png Tiling Dual Semiregular V3-3-3-3-6 Floret Pentagonal.svg 7-3 floret pentagonal tiling.svg H2-8-3-floret.svg Order-3-infinite floret pentagonal tiling.png
Config. V3.3.3.3.2 V3.3.3.3.3 V3.3.3.3.4 V3.3.3.3.5 V3.3.3.3.6 V3.3.3.3.7V3.3.3.3.8V3.3.3.3.

The snub cube is second in a series of snub polyhedra and tilings with vertex figure 3.3.4.3.n.

4n2 symmetry mutations of snub tilings: 3.3.4.3.n
Symmetry
4n2
Spherical Euclidean Compact hyperbolicParacomp.
24234244254264274284242
Snub
figures
Spherical square antiprism.png Spherical snub cube.png Uniform tiling 44-snub.png H2-5-4-snub.svg Uniform tiling 64-snub.png Uniform tiling 74-snub.png Uniform tiling 84-snub.png Uniform tiling i42-snub.png
Config. 3.3.4.3.2 3.3.4.3.3 3.3.4.3.4 3.3.4.3.5 3.3.4.3.6 3.3.4.3.7 3.3.4.3.8 3.3.4.3.
Gyro
figures
Spherical tetragonal trapezohedron.png Spherical pentagonal icositetrahedron.png Tiling Dual Semiregular V3-3-4-3-4 Cairo Pentagonal.svg H2-5-4-floret.svg
Config. V3.3.4.3.2 V3.3.4.3.3 V3.3.4.3.4 V3.3.4.3.5 V3.3.4.3.6V3.3.4.3.7V3.3.4.3.8V3.3.4.3.

Snub cubical graph

Snub cubical graph
Snub cubic graph.png
4-fold symmetry
Vertices 24
Edges 60
Automorphisms 24
Properties Hamiltonian, regular
Table of graphs and parameters

In the mathematical field of graph theory, a snub cubical graph is the graph of vertices and edges of the snub cube, one of the Archimedean solids. It has 24 vertices and 60 edges, and is an Archimedean graph. [3]

Orthogonal projection
Snub cube A2.png

See also

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References

  1. "Snub Cube - Geometry Calculator". rechneronline.de. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  2. "Spherical Designs" by R.H. Hardin and N.J.A. Sloane
  3. Read, R. C.; Wilson, R. J. (1998), An Atlas of Graphs, Oxford University Press, p. 269