Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest

Last updated
Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest
Flag of Turkey.svg
Participating broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT)
Participation summary
Appearances34 (33 finals)
First appearance 1975
Last appearance 2012
Highest placement1st: 2003
Host 2004
Participation history
External links
Turkey's page at Eurovision.tv OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Song contest current event.png For the most recent participation see
Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012

Turkey has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 34 times since its debut in 1975. Since the introduction of the semi-finals in 2004, Turkey has only failed to qualify for the final once, in 2011. Turkey won the contest once in 2003, and hosted the 2004 contest in Istanbul.

Contents

Turkey finished last on its debut at the contest in 1975, and went on to finish last with nul points in 1983 and 1987. They reached the top ten for the first time in 1986. Şebnem Paker achieved the country's first top five result in 1997, finishing third with the song "Dinle". The country went on to achieve five more top five placements after the introduction of the free language rule and televoting, with Sertab Erener giving Turkey its first victory in 2003 with the song "Everyway That I Can". Turkey's other top five results are Athena (2004), Kenan Doğulu (2007), Hadise (2009), who all finished fourth, and Manga (2010), who finished second.

The Turkish broadcaster TRT announced in December 2012 that it would not participate in the 2013 contest, citing dissatisfaction with the rules of the competition. [1] 2013 was the first time since 1979 that there was no television broadcast of the Eurovision Song Contest on TRT. The country has not returned to the contest since. [2] [3]

History

Turkish Radio and Television Corporation involvement in the Eurovision Song Contest

The national broadcasting service of Turkey, the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), was one of the founding members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) in 1950 along with eighteen countries around Europe, including Tunisia. As an intercontinental country (with lands in Eastern Thrace and Western Asia), Turkey takes part in a multitude of Western organizations including NATO as of 1952 and the European Economic Community as an associate member as of 1959.

TRT televised the Eurovision Song Contest between 1973 and 2012, even during years in which Turkey was not participating in the contest.

1970s

Turkey made its debut at the 1975 contest in Stockholm, Sweden. Greece did not take part in the contest for "unknown reasons" according to the EBU, but it was later revealed that the withdrawal was in protest of Turkey's debut and their invasion of Cyprus in 1974. [4] [5] TRT organized a national final to select the first ever Turkish entrant to the Eurovision Song Contest. The final took place on 9 February 1975 in the studios of TRT and was hosted by Bülend Özveren. The winning song, "Seninle Bir Dakika" ("A minute with you") by Semiha Yankı, was picked by averaging the ranks from the professional jury and people's jury. At the close of voting during the contest, the song received only three points from Monaco and placed last.

In 1976, Greece's entry to the contest aroused controversy due to its subject matter being the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. Turkey withdrew from the contest to protest the political background of Greece's entry, called "Panagia mou, panagia mou." Turkey televised the final on 3 April 1976 but censored the Greek entrant's performance. They played a nationalist Turkish song titled "Memleketim" ( "My motherland", the Turkish cover of the Yiddish folk song "Rabbi Elimelekh"), which was one of the symbols of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in Turkey.

Turkey did not take part in the contest again until 1978, placing 18th with the song "Sevince" performed by Nazar and Nilüfer. [6]

The 1979 contest was held in Jerusalem. The Turkish entry selected was "Seviyorum" ("I'm in love") by Maria Rita Epik. However, Turkey withdrew from the contest due to pressure from neighboring Arab countries to do so, which arose from the ongoing controversy regarding the status of Jerusalem.

1980s

Turkey participated in the Eurovision Song Contest consistently throughout the 1980s. In 1980, Turkish superstar Ajda Pekkan and the song "Petrol" was selected by TRT through a national final. Pekkan placed 15th with 23 points, including the first ever score 12 points received by Turkey, coming from Morocco.

Turkey had their best result (until 1997) in the 1986 contest in Bergen, Norway, when Klips ve Onlar placed ninth with a total of 53 points. The country scored nul points twice in the eighties, first in 1983 (shared with Spain) and later in 1987. Several famous Turkish artists performed for the contest during the 1980s, including Ajda Pekkan, Neco, Candan Erçetin and MFÖ.

1990s

The contest's popularity in Turkey suffered after Kayahan, one of the most famous singers in the country, placed 17th out of 22 participating countries with 21 points. After Kayahan's poor result, Turkey's Eurovision entrants were mostly unknown or amateur singers until 2003.

Şebnem Paker represented the country in two consecutive years. The first time being in 1996 where she qualified for the final and placed 12th, and the second in 1997 where she placed third, behind the UK and Ireland, with the song "Dinle" ("Listen"), sung in Turkish. This was the first time ever Turkey managed to make it in the top three and also it became the most successful result for the country until its victory in 2003. Şebnem Paker returned to the Turkish national final in 1998, but placed fourth and did not qualify for the contest as the Turkish participant for a third consecutive year. Tüzmen represented the country and placed 14th. Turkey participated throughout all of the 1990s except for the 1994 contest, from which they were relegated due to their 21st-place finish in 1993.

After the free language rule was re-introduced in 1999, the first Turkish entry to be partially sung in English was at the 2000 contest. The same year, Turkey reached the top 10 for a third since 1986, finishing tenth.

2000s and 2010s

Sertab Erener (left) and Demir Demirkan (right), winning songwriters of the 2003 contest. Sertab Erener 02.jpg
Sertab Erener (left) and Demir Demirkan (right), winning songwriters of the 2003 contest.

In the late 1990s to early 2000s, the contest became one of the most popular events in Turkey as a result of the participation of other Central and Eastern European countries, and Sertab Erener's win in 2003 with the song "Everyway That I Can". Following the introduction of televoting in 1998, (initially trialed in 1997 and first implemented in Turkey in 2003), Turkey went on to achieve eight top 10 results in the contest.

"Everyway That I Can" was the first Turkish entry in the contest to be sung completely in English. TRT selected the entry through an internal selection mainly organised by OGAE Turkey.

The 2004 contest was held in the Abdi Ipekci Arena, with the first-ever semi-final held on 12 May, followed by the final on 15 May. After Erener's victory (with the exception of the 2004 and 2005 contests), Turkish entries to the contest were chosen internally. Turkey had always qualified for the final (except for the 2011 contest in Düsseldorf) since the introduction of the semi-finals in 2004 and always reached the top ten, except in 2005 and 2006. From 2000, Turkey had seven songs sung in English and four sung in both English and Turkish, with just three (2005, 2006 and 2008) songs sung entirely in Turkish.

Along with Greece, Turkey brought the contest a new outlook with flashy stage performances and dresses alongside their oriental/Mediterranean-flavoured pop music acts (Sertab Erener, Sibel Tüzün, Kenan Doğulu and Hadise). In 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2011, the country was represented by bands, most of them with rock-influenced songs with Ottoman, Eastern European and Balkan instruments. Athena ranked fourth in 2004, when the contest was held in Istanbul; Mor ve Ötesi ranked seventh with a song completely in Turkish in 2008 and the nu metal band Manga, named the Best European Act in the MTV Europe Music Awards 2009, ranked second in 2010. Yüksek Sadakat in 2011 placed 13th in the first semi-final of the contest and failed to qualify, marking the first and only time that Turkey failed to qualify for the final. In 2012, Turkey participated for the last time as of 2024 with the song "Love Me Back" by Can Bonomo, which placed seventh in the final with 112 points.

Withdrawal

TRT announced that it would not participate in the 2013 contest on 14 December 2012, citing dissatisfaction with the rules of the competition. [1] TRT specifically cited changes to the voting system, in which a jury was introduced and the televote's influence was decreased to 50%. [7] [8] [9]

Turkey has not participated in or broadcast the contest since 2013. [10] [11] [12] In August 2018, İbrahim Eren, the Director-General of TRT, stated that TRT does not plan to return to the contest and break the boycott for various reasons, citing Conchita Wurst's participation and eventual victory in 2014. [13] [14]

In June 2021, it was confirmed by both the EBU and Eren that they were in talks about the country potentially returning to the contest in the future. [15] Despite this, Turkey was not on the final list of participants for the 2022 contest, published in October 2021. [16]

Participation overview

Table key
1First place
2Second place
3Third place
◁Last place
XEntry selected but did not compete
YearArtistSongLanguageFinalPointsSemiPoints
1975 Semiha Yankı " Seninle Bir Dakika " Turkish 19 ◁3No semi-finals
1978 Nilüfer and Nazar " Sevince "Turkish182
1979 Maria Rita Epik and 21. Peron "Seviyorum"TurkishWithdrawn X
1980 Ajda Pekkan " Pet'r Oil "Turkish1523
1981 Modern Folk Trio and Ayşegül " Dönme Dolap "Turkish189
1982 Neco" Hani? "Turkish1520
1983 Çetin Alp and the Short Waves"Opera"Turkish19 ◁0
1984 Beş Yıl Önce, On Yıl Sonra " Halay "Turkish1237
1985 MFÖ "Didai didai dai"Turkish1436
1986 Klips ve Onlar "Halley"Turkish953
1987 Seyyal Taner and Grup Lokomotif " Şarkım Sevgi Üstüne "Turkish22 ◁0
1988 MFÖ"Sufi (Hey Ya Hey)"Turkish1537
1989 Pan" Bana Bana "Turkish215
1990 Kayahan " Gözlerinin Hapsindeyim "Turkish1721
1991 Can Uğurluer, Reyhan Karaca and İzel Çeliköz " İki Dakika "Turkish1244
1992 Aylin Vatankoş " Yaz Bitti "Turkish1917
1993 Burak Aydos, Öztürk Baybora and Serter" Esmer Yarim "Turkish2110 Kvalifikacija za Millstreet
1995 Arzu Ece " Sev! "Turkish1621No semi-finals
1996 Şebnem Paker " Beşinci Mevsim "Turkish1257769
1997 Şebnem Paker and Grup Etnik" Dinle "Turkish3121No semi-finals
1998 Tüzmen " Unutamazsın "Turkish1425
1999 Tuba Önal and Grup Mistik" Dön Artık "Turkish1621
2000 Pınar and the S.O.S." Yorgunum Anla "Turkish, English1059
2001 Sedat Yüce " Sevgiliye Son "Turkish, English1141
2002 Buket Bengisu and Group Safir" Leylaklar Soldu Kalbinde "Turkish, English1629
2003 Sertab Erener "Everyway That I Can"English1167
2004 Athena "For Real"English4195Host country
2005 Gülseren and Shaman"Rimi Rimi Ley"Turkish1392Top 12 in 2004 final [lower-alpha 1]
2006 Sibel Tüzün " Süper Star "Turkish [lower-alpha 2] 1191891
2007 Kenan Doğulu "Shake It Up Şekerim"English41633197
2008 Mor ve Ötesi " Deli "Turkish7138785
2009 Hadise " Düm Tek Tek "English41772172
2010 Manga "We Could Be the Same"English21701118
2011 Yüksek Sadakat "Live It Up"EnglishFailed to qualify1347
2012 Can Bonomo "Love Me Back"English7112580

Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest

ArtistSongLanguageAt CongratulationsAt Eurovision
FinalPointsSemiPointsYearPlacePoints
Sertab Erener "Everyway That I Can"EnglishFailed to qualify9104 2003 1167

Hostings

YearLocationVenuePresenters
2004 Istanbul Abdi İpekçi Arena Korhan Abay and Meltem Cumbul

Awards

Marcel Bezençon Awards

YearCategorySongPerformerFinalPointsHost city
2003 Press Award"Everyway That I Can" Sertab Erener 1167 Flag of Latvia.svg Riga

Conductors

YearConductor [lower-alpha 3] NotesRef.
1975 Timur Selçuk [17]
1978 Onno Tunç
1979 Tuğrul Karataş [lower-alpha 4]
1980 Atilla Özdemiroğlu [18]
1981 Onno Tunç
1982 Garo Mafyan
1983 Buğra Uğur
1984 Selçuk Başar
1985 Garo Mafyan
1986 Melih Kibar
1987 Garo Mafyan
1988 Turhan Yükseler
1989 Timur Selçuk
1990 Ümit Eroğlu
1991 Turhan Yükseler
1992 Aydın Özarı
1993 No conductor
1995 Melih Kibar
1996 Levent Çoker
1997
1998 Ümit Eroğlu

Commentators and spokespersons

Prior to 2012 every contest Turkey had taken part in had always been commentated on by Turkish television presenter Bülend Özveren, with the exception of 1982–1985, 1990–1991, 1998–2001 and 2007. In addition Özveren also co-commentated the contest in 1979, 2004, 2011 and 2012. Out of the 38 years Turkey have broadcast the event Özveren has commentated on 29 of them making him 9 years short of being the contest's longest commentator.

YearChannelCommentatorSpokespersonRef.
1973 TRT Televizyon UnknownDid not participate
1974
1975 Bülent Osma
1976 Did not participate
1977
1978 Meral Savcı
1979 No broadcastDid not participate
1980 TRT TelevizyonUnknownBaşak Doğru
1981
1982 Ümit Tunçağ
1983 UnknownFatih Orbay
1984
1985
1986 Gülgün BaysalÜmit Tunçağ
1987 TV1 UnknownCanan Kumbasar
1988
1989
1990 Korhan Abay
1991 Canan Kumbasar
1992 Korhan Abay
1993 Unknown Ömer Önder  [ tr ]
1994 TRT 1 Did not participate
1995 Ömer Önder
1996
1997 TRT 1, TRT Int
1998 Bülend Özveren Osman Erkan
1999 Unknown
2000
2001 Meltem Ersan Yazgan
2002 TRT 1Ömer Önder
2003 TRT 1, TRT IntBülend Özveren
2004 Unknown
2005 TRT 1
2006 Bülend Özveren
2007 Unknown (Semi-final)Unknown
TRT 1 (Final)Hakan Urgancı
2008 TRT 1, TRT IntUnknown
TRT Türk (Final)Bülend Özveren
2009 TRT 1Unknown
2010 Bülend Özveren
2011 Bülend Özveren and Erhan Konuk  [ tr ]Ömer Önder
2012 TRT 1, TRT HD, TRT Türk, TRT Müzik , TRT Avaz
2013–2024 No broadcastDid not participate

Photogallery

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ According to the then-Eurovision rules, the top ten non-Big Four countries from the previous year along with the Big Four automatically qualified for the Grand Final without having to compete in semi-finals. For example, if Germany and France placed inside the top ten, the 11th and 12th spots were advanced to next year's Grand Final along with all countries ranked in the top ten.
  2. ↑ The song was performed entirely in Turkish in the semi-final, and with an English chorus in the final.
  3. ↑ All conductors are of Turkish nationality unless otherwise noted.
  4. ↑ Karataş was announced as the Turkish conductor prior to their withdrawal.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurovision Song Contest 1986</span> International song competition

The Eurovision Song Contest 1986 was the 31st edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It was held in Bergen, Norway, following the country's victory at the 1985 contest with the song "La det swinge" by Bobbysocks! Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Norsk rikskringkasting (NRK), the contest was held at Grieghallen on 3 May 1986 and was hosted by previous Norwegian contestant Åse Kleveland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurovision Song Contest 1981</span> International song competition

The Eurovision Song Contest 1981 was the 26th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Dublin, Ireland, following the country's victory at the 1980 contest with the song "What's Another Year" by Johnny Logan. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), the contest was held at the RDS Simmonscourt on 4 April 1981, and was hosted by Irish television journalist Doireann Ní Bhriain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurovision Song Contest 1982</span> International song competition

The Eurovision Song Contest 1982 was the 27th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Harrogate, United Kingdom, following the country's victory at the 1981 contest with the song "Making Your Mind Up" by Bucks Fizz. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the contest was held at the Harrogate International Centre on 24 April 1982 and was hosted by English TV presenter and newsreader Jan Leeming.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurovision Song Contest 2004</span> International song competition

The Eurovision Song Contest 2004 was the 49th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey, following the country's victory at the 2003 contest with the song "Everyway That I Can" by Sertab Erener. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), the contest was held at the Abdi İpekçi Arena, and, for the first time, consisted of a semi-final on 12 May, and a final on 15 May 2004. The two live shows were presented by Turkish actors Korhan Abay and Meltem Cumbul. It was the first time that Turkey had hosted the contest, 29 years after the country made its debut, and was also the first time since the 1998 contest in Birmingham that it was not hosted in the host country's capital city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurovision Song Contest 2005</span> International song competition

The Eurovision Song Contest 2005 was the 50th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Kyiv, Ukraine, following the country's victory at the 2004 contest with the song "Wild Dances" by Ruslana. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster National Television Company of Ukraine (NTU), the contest was held at the Palace of Sports, and consisted of a semi-final on 19 May, and a final on 21 May 2005. The two live shows were presented by Ukrainian television presenters Maria Efrosinina and Pavlo Shylko.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurovision Song Contest 2006</span> International song competition

The Eurovision Song Contest 2006 was the 51st edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Athens, Greece, following the country's victory at the 2005 contest with the song "My Number One" by Helena Paparizou. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), the contest was held at the Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall, and consisted of a semi-final on 18 May, and a final on 20 May 2006. The two live shows were presented by American television personality Maria Menounos and Greek former contestant Sakis Rouvas.

Turkey participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with the song "Superstar" written and performed by Sibel Tüzün. The entry was selected through an internal selection organised by Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT).

Turkey participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 with the song "Shake It Up Şekerim" written and performed by Kenan Doğulu, who was internally selected by the Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) to represent the nation at the 2007 contest in Helsinki, Finland. The announcement of Kenan Doğulu as the Turkish entrant occurred on 19 December 2006, while "Shake It Up Şekerim" was presented to the public on 9 March 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurovision Song Contest 2008</span> International song competition

The Eurovision Song Contest 2008 was the 53rd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Belgrade, Serbia, following the country's victory at the 2007 contest with the song "Molitva" by Marija Šerifović. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio Television of Serbia (RTS), the contest was held at the Belgrade Arena, and consisted of two semi-finals on 20 and 22 May, and a final on 24 May 2008. The three live shows were presented by Serbian television presenter Jovana Janković and musician Željko Joksimović.

Turkey participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song "For Real" written by Gökhan Özoğuz and Hakan Özoğuz. The song was performed by the band Athena, which was internally selected by the Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) to represent the nation at the 2004 contest. In addition to participating in the contest, the Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) also hosted the Eurovision Song Contest in Istanbul after winning the competition in 2003 with the song "Everyway That I Can" performed by Sertab Erener. The announcement of Athena as the Turkish representative occurred on 2 September 2003, while their song was selected through the national final 26. Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması Türkiye Finali. Three songs were presented to the public between 21 and 24 January 2004 and the winning song, "For Real", was selected entirely by a public televote and announced on 24 January during the TRT 1 show Sayısal Gece.

Cyprus participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song "Stronger Every Minute" performed by Lisa Andreas. The song was written by Mike Connaris, who had twice written a runner up in Eurovision selection process for the United Kingdom.

Turkey participated in and won the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 with the song "Everyway That I Can" written by Demir Demirkan and Sertab Erener. The song was performed by Sertab Erener, who was internally selected by the Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) to represent the nation at the 2003 contest in Riga, Latvia. "Everyway That I Can" was presented to the public on 8 March 2003 during the TRT 1 show Sayısal Gece. This was the first time that the Turkish song was performed entirely in the English language at the Eurovision Song Contest.

Turkey participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Deli" written by Kerem Özyeğen, Burak Güven, Kerem Kabadayı and Harun Tekin. The song was performed by Mor ve Ötesi. The entry was selected through an internal selection organised by Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT).

Bülend Özveren was a Turkish television presenter and sports commentator.

Turkey participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "Düm Tek Tek" written by Sinan Akçıl, Stefan Fernande and Hadise. The song was performed by Hadise. The entry was selected through an internal selection organised by Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT).

Turkey entered the Eurovision Song Contest 1992 with the song "Yaz Bitti" by Aylin Vatankoş after it won the Turkish national final. The song was composed by Aldoğan Şimşekyay and Aylin Uçanlar.

Turkey participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 with the song "We Could Be the Same" written by Evren Ozdemir, Fiona Movery Akıncı and Manga. The song was performed by Manga. The entry was selected through an internal selection organised by Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT).

Turkey participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with the song "Live It Up" written by Kutlu Özmakinacı and Ergün Arsal. The song was performed by Yüksek Sadakat. The entry was selected through an internal selection organised by Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT).

Turkey participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 with the song "Love Me Back" written and performed by Can Bonomo. The entry was selected through an internal selection organised by Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT). Turkey qualified from the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest and went on to place seventh in the final out of the 26 participating countries, scoring 112 points.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serhat (singer)</span> Turkish singer

Ahmet Serhat Hocapaşalioğlu, known as Serhat, is a Turkish singer, songwriter, producer and television presenter.

References

  1. 1 2 Jiandani, Sanjay (14 December 2012). "Turkey will not go to Eurovision in Malmö". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Archived from the original on 2012-12-17. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  2. ↑ Jiandani, Sanjay (7 November 2013). "Turkey: TRT will not participate in Eurovision 2014". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  3. ↑ OGÜNhaber. "TRT, Eurovision'u yayınlamaktan vazgeçti!". OGÜN Haber - Günün Önemli Gelişmeleri, Son Dakika Haberler (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  4. ↑ "EUROVISION SONG CONTEST 1975" (in Greek). OGAE Greece. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
  5. ↑ Raycoff, Ivan; Robert Deayom Tobin (July 2007). A Song for Europe. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN   978-0-7546-5878-8.
  6. ↑ "Final of Paris 1978". Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  7. ↑ "Türkiye Eurovision'da yok" (in Turkish).
  8. ↑ "TRT won't accept the Big 5 and high participation fees".
  9. ↑ "Why Have Turkey Withdrawn From Eurovision?".
  10. ↑ Jiandani, Sanjay (5 September 2014). "Turkey: TRT confirms no return to Eurovision in 2015". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  11. ↑ Jiandani, Sanjay (3 November 2015). "Turkey: TRT confirms non participation in Eurovision 2016". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  12. ↑ Jiandani, Sanjay (7 August 2017). "Turkey: TRT confirms non participation in Eurovision 2018" . Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  13. ↑ "TRT Genel Müdürü'nden Eurovision açıklaması". ABC Gazetesi. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  14. ↑ "Turkey to return Eurovision 'if no more bearded divas'". Hurriyet. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  15. ↑ Washak, James (2021-06-24). "Turkey: EBU Confirms Discussions With TRT Regarding Return to the Eurovision Song Contest". Eurovoix. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
  16. ↑ "REVEALED: the 41 countries joining Eurovision in Turin 2022". Eurovision.tv. EBU. 20 October 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  17. ↑ Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 142–168. ISBN   978-1-84583-093-9.
  18. ↑ Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN   978-1-84583-118-9.
  19. ↑ "TV". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 7 April 1973. p. 6. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  20. ↑ "TV". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 6 April 1974. p. 7. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  21. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 22 March 1975. p. 6. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  22. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 3 April 1976. p. 6. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  23. ↑ "TV". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 22 April 1978. p. 9. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  24. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 19 April 1980. p. 6. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  25. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 4 April 1981. p. 4. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  26. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 24 April 1982. p. 4. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  27. ↑ Öztürk, Ümran (10 December 2017). "Ümit Tunçağ'la zamanda yolucuk". Vansesi Gazetesi (in Turkish). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  28. ↑ "Location of Commentary Positions/Emplacement des commentateurs étrangers". Eurovision Song Contest 1982. London, England: British Broadcasting Corporation. 24 April 1982.
  29. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 23 April 1983. p. 4. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  30. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 5 May 1984. p. 4. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  31. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 4 May 1985. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  32. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 3 May 1986. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  33. ↑ "Yirmi ülkenin şarkıcıları bu akşam ekranda" [Singers from twenty countries are on the screen tonight]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 3 May 1986. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  34. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 9 May 1987. p. 4. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  35. ↑ "Televizyon". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 30 April 1988. p. 4. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  36. ↑ "1. Gün / Cumartesi" [Day 1 / Saturday]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 6 May 1989. p. 7. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  37. ↑ "Televizyon-Radyo" [Television-Radio]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 5 May 1990. p. 4. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  38. ↑ "Televizyon-Radyo" [Television-Radio]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 4 May 1991. p. 6. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  39. ↑ "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 9 May 1992. p. 10. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  40. ↑ "TV Programları" [TV Programmes]. Cumhuriyet 2 (in Turkish). 30 April 1994. p. 4. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  41. ↑ "TV Programları" [TV programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 13 May 1995. p. 14. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  42. ↑ "TV Programları" [TV programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 18 May 1996. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  43. ↑ "TV Programları" [TV programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 3 May 1997. p. 16. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  44. ↑ "Eurovision yarışması" [Eurovision contest]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 9 May 1998. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  45. ↑ "TV Programları" [TV Programme]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 29 May 1999. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  46. ↑ "TV Programları" [TV Programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 13 May 2000. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  47. ↑ "TV Programları" [TV Programmes]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 12 May 2001. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  48. ↑ "Eurovision finali" [Eurovision final]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 25 May 2002. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  49. ↑ "48. Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması" [48th Eurovision Song Contest]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 24 May 2003. p. 16. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  50. ↑ "TV Programları – 12 Mayıs 2004" [TV Programmes – 12 May 2004]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 12 May 2004. p. 16. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  51. ↑ "TV Programları – 15 Mayıs 2004" [TV Programmes – 15 May 2004]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 12 May 2004. p. 16. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  52. ↑ "TV Programları – 19 Mayıs 2005" [TV Programmes – 12 May 2005]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 19 May 2005. p. 16. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  53. ↑ "TV Programları – 21 Mayıs 2005" [TV Programmes – 21 May 2005]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 21 May 2005. p. 16. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  54. ↑ "TV Programları – 18 Mayıs 2006" [TV Programmes – 18 May 2006]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 18 May 2006. p. 16. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  55. ↑ "TV Programları – 20 Mayıs 2006" [TV Programmes – 20 May 2006]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 20 May 2006. p. 16. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  56. ↑ Yüksel, Gülşen (22 May 2006). "'Finlandiya Eurovision ruhunu bozdu'" [Finland spoiled the spirit of Eurovision]. Sabah (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  57. ↑ "Haydi Şekerim göster kendini" [Come on honey, show yourself]. Internet Haber (in Turkish). 12 May 2007. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  58. ↑ "Tanıtım Programı 18 Mayıs'ta" [Promotion Program on May 18] (in Turkish). TRT. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  59. ↑ "Eurovision 2008 Şarkı Yarışması Finali" [Eurovision 2008 Song Contest Final] (in Turkish). TRT. Archived from the original on 25 May 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  60. ↑ "TV Programları – 12 Mayıs 2009" [TV Programmes – 12 May 2009]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). p. 16. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  61. ↑ "TV Programları – 14 Mayıs 2009" [TV Programmes – 14 May 2009]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). p. 16. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  62. ↑ "Cumartesi ekranı" [Saturday display]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). p. 11. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  63. ↑ "TRT Televizyon" [TRT Television]. Trt.net.tr. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  64. ↑ "Özveren'in veliahtı kim?" [Who is Özveren's crown prince?]. posta.com.tr (in Turkish). 15 April 2012. Archived from the original on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.