List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest

Last updated

Participation since 1956:
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Entered at least once
Never entered, although eligible to do so
Entry intended, but later withdrew
Competed as a part of another country, but never as a sovereign country EurovisionParticipants.svg
Participation since 1956:
  Entered at least once
  Never entered, although eligible to do so
  Entry intended, but later withdrew
  Competed as a part of another country, but never as a sovereign country
Each country's number of Eurovision wins as of 2025 Eurovision winners map.svg
Each country's number of Eurovision wins as of 2025

Broadcasters from fifty-two countries have participated in the Eurovision Song Contest since it started in 1956, with winning songs coming from twenty-seven of those countries. The contest, organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), is held annually between members of the union who participate representing their countries. Broadcasters submit songs to the event where they are performed live by the performer(s) they had selected and cast votes to determine the winning song of the competition.

Contents

Participation in the contest is primarily open to all broadcasters with active EBU membership, with only one entrant per country allowed in any given year. To become an active member of the EBU, a broadcaster has to be from a country which is covered by the European Broadcasting Area—which is not limited only to the continent of Europe—or is a member state of the Council of Europe. [1] Thus, eligibility is not determined by geographic inclusion within Europe, despite the "Euro" in "Eurovision", nor does it have a direct connection with the European Union. Several countries geographically outside the boundaries of Europe have been represented in the contest: Israel, Cyprus, and Armenia, in Western Asia, since 1973, 1981, and 2006 respectively; Morocco, in North Africa, in the 1980 competition alone; and Australia making a debut in the 2015 contest. In addition, several transcontinental countries with only part of their territory in Europe have been represented: Turkey, from 1975 to 2012; Russia, from 1994 to 2021; Georgia, since 2007; and Azerbaijan, since 2008. Two countries that have previously sought to enter the competition, Lebanon and Tunisia, in Western Asia and North Africa respectively, are also outside of Europe. Australia, where the contest has been broadcast since the 1970s, has been represented every year since its debut in 2015, as its broadcaster is an EBU associate member and had received special approval from the contest's Reference Group.

The number of countries represented each year has grown steadily, from seven in 1956 to over twenty in the late 1980s. A record forty-three countries participated in 2008, 2011, and 2018. As the number of contestants has risen, preliminary competitions and relegation have been introduced, to ensure that as many countries as possible get the chance to compete. In 1993, a preliminary show, Kvalifikacija za Millstreet ("Qualification for Millstreet"), was held to select three Eastern European countries to compete for the first time in the main contest. [2] After the 1993 contest, a relegation rule was introduced: the six lowest-placed countries in the contest would not compete in the following year. [3] In 1996, a new system was introduced. Audiotapes of all twenty-nine entrants were submitted to national juries. The twenty-two highest-placed songs after the juries voted reached the contest. Norway, as the host country, directly qualified for the final. [4] From 1997 to 2001, a system was used whereby the countries with the lowest average scores over the previous five years were relegated. [5]

The relegation system used in 1994 and 1995 was used again between 2001 and 2003. Since 1999, the winning country in the previous year's contest automatically qualifies for the following year's final, along with the "Big Four/Five" — those countries whose broadcasters are the largest financial contributors to the EBU. [a] In 2004, a semi-final was introduced. In addition to the Big Four, the countries that were in the top 10 the previous year received a bye and qualified directly for the final. A further ten countries qualified from the semi-final, making a total of 24 in the final. [6] Since 2008, two semi-finals are held with all countries, except the previous year's winner and the "Big Four/Five", participating in one of the semi-finals. [7]

Some countries, such as Germany, France, Belgium, and the United Kingdom, have entered most years, while Morocco has only entered once. Two countries, Tunisia and Lebanon, have attempted to enter the contest but withdrew before making a debut.

Participants

Statistics by country

The following table lists the countries with a broadcaster that have participated in the contest at least once, up to 2025. Planned entries for the cancelled 2020 contest and entries that failed to qualify in the qualification rounds in 1993 or 1996 are not counted.

Shading indicates countries whose broadcaster have withdrawn from the contest or former participants that are unable to compete in future contests. Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro were both dissolved, in 1991 and 2006 respectively. Serbia and Montenegro participated in the 1992 contest as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which consisted of only those two republics. Montenegro and Serbia have each competed as separate countries since 2007. [8] The Belarusian broadcaster BTRC was expelled from the EBU in July 2021, preventing them from competing in future editions of the contest, or any EBU event indefinitely. [9] Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and subsequent exclusion of Russia from the 2022 contest, the Russian broadcasters VGTRK and Channel One announced their intention to withdraw their EBU membership in February 2022 and were suspended from the union in May, preventing Russia from competing in future editions of the contest, or any EBU event for an indefinite period of time. [10] Two countries have made failed attempts to participate in the contest, but in both cases withdrew their planned appearances at a late stage: Tunisia in 1977; and Lebanon in 2005. [11] A planned entry from Liechtenstein in 1976 was prevented, due to a lack of an EBU member broadcaster from the country with which to compete. [12] [13]

Table key
Inactive countries which participated in the past but did not appear in the most recent contest, or will not appear in the upcoming contest
Ineligible countries whose broadcasters are no longer part of the EBU and are therefore ineligible to participate
Former countries which previously participated but no longer exist
Statistics (As of 2025)
CountryBroadcaster(s) [14] Debut yearLatest entryEntriesFinalsQualifying [b] Latest finalBest placementWins
AmountRatePosLatest [c]
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania RTSH 2004 2025 211211/20 2025 5th 2012 0
Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra RTVA 2004 2009 600/6N/A12th (SF) 2007 0
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia AMPTV 2006 2025 171413/16 2025 4th 2014 0
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia SBS 2015 2025 1076/9 2023 2nd 2016 0
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria ORF 1957 2025 57508/15 2025 1st 2025 3
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan İTV 2008 2025 171312/16 2022 1st 2011 1
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus BTRC 2004 2019 1666/16 2019 6th 2007 0
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium [d] RTBF [f] / VRT [g] 1956 2025 66548/20 2023 1st 1986 1
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina BHRT [h] 1993 2016 19187/8 2012 3rd 2006 0
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria BNT 2005 2022 1455/14 2021 2nd 2017 0
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia HRT 1993 2025 30208/18 2024 2nd 2024 0
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus CyBC 1981 2025 413311/19 2024 2nd 2018 0
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechia [i] ČT 2007 2025 1355/13 2023 6th 2018 0
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark DR 1957 2025 534511/19 2025 1st 2013 3
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia ERR [j] 1994 2025 301911/21 2025 1st 2001 1
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland Yle 1961 2025 585012/20 2025 1st 2006 1
Flag of France.svg  France France Télévisions [k] 1956 2025 6666Permanent finalist [l] 2025 1st 1977 5
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia GPB 2007 2025 1788/17 2024 9th 2011 0
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany ARD (NDR) [m] 1956 2025 6767Permanent finalist [l] 2025 1st 2010 2
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece ERT [n] 1974 2025 454215/18 2025 1st 2005 1
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary MTVA [o] 1994 2019 171410/13 2018 4th 1994 0
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland RÚV 1986 2025 372811/20 2025 2nd 2009 0
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland RTÉ [p] 1965 2025 58467/19 2024 1st 1996 7
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel IPBC [q] 1973 2025 474012/19 2025 1st 2018 4
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy RAI 1956 2025 4949Permanent finalist [l] 2025 1st 2021 3
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia LSM [r] 2000 2025 25127/20 2025 1st 2002 1
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania LRT 1994 2025 251813/20 2025 6th 2006 0
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg RTL [s] 1956 2025 39392/2 2025 1st 1983 5
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta PBS [t] 1971 2025 37279/19 2025 2nd 2005 0
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova TRM 2005 2024 191312/18 2023 3rd 2017 0
Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco TMC [u] 1959 2006 24210/3 1979 1st 1971 1
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro RTCG 2007 2025 1322/13 2015 13th 2015 0
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco RTM [v] 1980 11N/A 1980 18th 1980 0
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands AVROTROS [w] 1956 2025 6554 [x] 10/20 [x] 2025 1st 2019 5
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia [y] MRT 1998 2022 2196/18 2019 7th 2019 0
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway NRK 1960 2025 636015/18 2025 1st 2009 3
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland TVP 1994 2025 27178/18 2025 2nd 1994 0
Flag of Portugal (official).svg  Portugal RTP [z] 1964 2025 56479/18 2025 1st 2017 1
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania TVR 1994 2023 231911/15 2022 3rd 2010 0
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia RTR / C1R [aa] 1994 2021 232211/12 2021 1st 2008 1
Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino SMRTV 2008 2025 1544/15 2025 19th 2019 0
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia RTS 2007 2025 171312/16 2024 1st 2007 1
Flag of Yugoslavia (1992-2003); Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006).svg  Serbia and Montenegro UJRT 2004 2005 221/1 2005 2nd 2004 0
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia RTVS [ab] 1994 2012 730/4 1998 18th 1996 0
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia RTVSLO 1993 2025 30178/21 2024 7th 2001 0
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain RTVE [ac] 1961 2025 6363Permanent finalist [l] 2025 1st 1969 2
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden SVT [ad] 1958 2025 646314/15 2025 1st 2023 7
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland SRG SSR 1956 2025 64539/20 2025 1st 2024 3
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey TRT 1975 2012 34336/7 2012 1st 2003 1
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine Suspilne [ae] 2003 2025 202015/15 2025 1st 2022 3
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom BBC 1957 2025 6666Permanent finalist [l] 2025 1st 1997 5
Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia [af] JRT 1961 1992 2727N/A 1992 1st 1989 1

Participating countries by year

Participants in the Eurovision Song Contest, coloured by decade of debut Eurovision participation map.svg
Participants in the Eurovision Song Contest, coloured by decade of debut

Seven countries participated in the first contest. Since then, the number of entries has increased steadily. In 1961, three countries debuted, Finland, Spain, and Yugoslavia, joining the thirteen already included. Yugoslavia would become the only socialist country to participate in the following three decades. In 1970, a Nordic-led boycott of the contest reduced the number of countries entering to twelve. [17] By the late 1980s, over twenty countries had become standard.

In 1993, the collapse of the USSR in Eastern Europe and the subsequent merger of EBU and the International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT) gave numerous broadcasters from new countries the opportunity to compete. Three countries—Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, all of them former Yugoslav republics—went through a pre-qualifier round to compete. After the 1993 event, a relegation system was introduced, allowing more Eastern European countries to compete, with seven more making their debut in 1994.

In 2003, broadcasters from four countries applied to make their debut: Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, and Ukraine. In addition, Serbia and Montenegro, who had not competed since 1992 when they competed as Yugoslavia, applied to debut. The EBU, having originally accepted the five countries' applications, later rejected all but Ukraine; allowing five further countries to compete would have meant relegating too many countries. [18] [19] The semi-final was introduced in 2004 in an attempt to prevent situations like this. The EBU set a limit of forty countries, [20] but by 2005, thirty-nine were competing. In 2007, the EBU lifted the limit, allowing forty-two countries to compete. Two semi-finals were held for the first time in 2008. [7]

Amount of countriesYear010203040501956196619761986199620062016№ of countries participating№ of qualified countries performing in the finalParticipants of the Eurovision Song Contest by year
Line graph showing the number of countries participating in each Eurovision Song Contest. See or edit source data.

Participating countries by decade

The following table lists the participating countries in each year since the first Eurovision Song Contest was held in 1956, sorted by each decade:

Table key
#
DebutantThe country made its debut during the decade.
1
WinnerThe country won the contest.
2
Second placeThe country was ranked second.
3
Third placeThe country was ranked third.
X
Remaining placesThe country placed from fourth to second last in the final.
Last placeThe country was ranked last in the final.
W/D
Withdrawn/disqualified before the contestThe country was to participate in the contest but either withdrew or got disqualified before the contest took place.
Ӿ
Disqualified during the contestThe country had already participated in at least one show but was disqualified before the completion of the contest.
Non-qualified for the finalThe country did not qualify for the final (2004–present).
Non-qualified for the contestThe country did not qualify from the pre-qualifying round (1993, 1996).
?
UnknownThe country's placing in the contest is unknown (1956).
R
RelegatedThe country was relegated from the contest due to poor results in the previous years (1994–1995; 1997–2003).
C
CancelledThe contest was cancelled after the deadline for submitting songs had passed (2020).
U
UpcomingThe country has confirmed participation for the next contest, however, the contest has yet to take place.
No entryThe country did not enter the contest.
1956–1959
1960–1969
1970–1979
1980–1989
1990–1999
2000–2009
2010–2019
2020–2025

Other potential participants

For any broadcaster wishing to take part in the Eurovision Song Contest, it must be an active member of the EBU. According to the rules of the competition, associate members can only be invited by the EBU in order to take part, [21] with only one associate broadcaster, Australia's SBS, being invited into the competition to date.

Among the countries which have been discussed as potential new entrants are Canada, [22] China, [23] the Faroe Islands, [24] Kazakhstan, [25] [26] Kosovo, [27] New Zealand, [28] [29] and Qatar, [30] some of which are not active or associate members of the EBU.

Current EBU members

As of 2025, the following broadcasters [31] have never taken part in the contest, despite being eligible to compete as current members of the EBU:

Past attempts

In 1977, Tunisia's former broadcaster ERTT was set to take part and perform in position 4 in the final, but later withdrew with no reason given. [32] In 2005, Lebanese broadcaster TL was set to take part in the semi-final with the song "Quand tout s'enfuit" by Aline Lahoud. [33] [34] The country withdrew in March 2005 [11] [35] due to Lebanese law restricting Israeli content being aired on television, with Israel also set to take part in the semi-final. Following a three-year ban from the contest incurred by the late withdrawal, TL has not made another attempt since. [36]

Other associate EBU members

At the 2015 contest, Australian broadcaster SBS became the first and only associate broadcaster to date to be invited to take part in the contest, as it had been broadcasting the contest for over 30 years by that point, amassing a sizable fanbase within the country. [37]

The following broadcasters [38] are currently ineligible to compete in the contest as they require active EBU membership, but may be invited as an associate member, according to the rules set by the EBU: [21]

See also

Notes

  1. Namely France, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom (the initial "Big Four"); with Italy joining them when it returned to the contest in 2011.
  2. Since 2004; not counting the pre-qualifiation rounds of 1993 and 1996. Only counting qualifications from semi-finals, not automatic qualifications.
  3. Most recent year in which the country obtained this position.
  4. Flemish broadcaster and Walloon broadcaster alternate participation in the contest representing Belgium, with both broadcasters sharing the broadcasting rights.
  5. 1 2 Nationaal Instituut voor de Radio-omroep (NIR) and Institut national de radiodiffusion (INR) were the two official names of the single National Broadcasting Institute  [ fr; nl ] (NIR/INR).
  6. Since 1978; previously represented by Institut national de radiodiffusion (INR; 1956–1960), [e] and Radiodiffusion-télévision belge (RTB; 1961–1977).
  7. Since 1998; previously represented by Nationaal Instituut voor de Radio-omroep (NIR; 1956–1960), [e] Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep (BRT; 1961–1990), and Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep Nederlandstalige Uitzendingen (BRTN; 1991–1997).
  8. Between 2005 and 2016; previously represented by Radio Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RTVBiH; 1993–2000) and the Public Broadcasting Service of Bosnia and Herzegovina (PBSBiH; 2001–2004).
  9. 1 2 Participated as Czech Republic until 2022.
  10. Since 2008; previously represented by Eesti Televisioon (ETV) between 1993 and 2007.
  11. Since 2001; previously represented by Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française (RTF; 1956–1964), Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française (ORTF; 1965–1974), Télévision Française 1 (TF1; 1975–1981), Antenne 2 (1983–1992), and France Télévision (1993–2000).
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Member of the "Big Five".
  13. Responsibility for organising ARD's entry rests with one of its member broadcasters, and has changed hands over the years. Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) is currently representing Germany since 1996. [15] See Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest § Organisation for full history of German participating broadcasters.
  14. Represented by the National Radio Television Foundation (EIRT) in 1974 and the New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television (NERIT) in 2014 and 2015.
  15. Between 2011 and 2019; previous represented by Magyar Televízió between 1993 and 2010
  16. Since 2010; previously represented by Radio Éireann (RÉ) in 1965 and 1966, and Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ) between 1967 and 2009.
  17. Since 2018; previously represented by the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) between 1973 and 2017.
  18. Since 2025; previously represented by Latvijas Televīzija (LTV) between 2000 and 2024.
  19. Since 2024; previously represented by the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT) between 1956 and 1993.
  20. Since 1991; previously represented by the Maltese Broadcasting Authority (MBA) between 1971 and 1975.
  21. Between 1959 and 2006. TVMonaco (TVM) is the current EBU member in the country since 2024, thus eligible to participate in the contest.
  22. Represented by Radiodiffusion-Télévision Marocaine (RTM) in 1980. Société Nationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision (SNRT) is the current EBU member in the country, thus eligible to participate in the contest.
  23. Since 2014; previously represented by Nederlandse Televisie Stichting (NTS; 1956–1969), Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS; 1970–2009), and Televisie Radio Omroep Stichting (TROS; 2010–2013).
  24. 1 2 The 2024 entry qualified for the final, [16] but was removed from the competition following a backstage incident during the semi-final. The Netherlands retained the right to vote in the final.
  25. 1 2 Participated as F.Y.R. Macedonia until 2019.
  26. Since 2004; previously represented by Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP; 1964–2003).
  27. RTR and C1R alternated responsibilities for the contest.
  28. In 2011 and 2012; previously represented by Slovenská televízia (STV) between 1994 and 2010. Slovenská televízia a rozhlas (STVR) is the current EBU member in the country since 2024, thus eligible to participate in the contest.
  29. Since 2007; previously represented by Televisión Española (TVE) between 1961 and 2006.
  30. Since 1980; previously represented by Sveriges Radio (SR) between 1958 and 1979.
  31. Since 2017; previously represented by the National Television Company of Ukraine (NTU) between 2003 and 2016.
  32. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia competed as "Yugoslavia" in 1992.
  33. Each country was represented by two songs in the 1956 contest; Switzerland's win in this contest was with one of their two songs.
  34. Serbia and Montenegro kept their voting rights after they withdrew.
  35. The 2020 contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  36. The Netherlands kept their voting rights in the final after they were disqualified.
  37. Previously the Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation (LJBC) from 1982 until 2011.

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Bibliography