Turn Joe | |
---|---|
Nationality | Irish |
Occupation | Privateer |
Turn Joe (fl. 1718) was an Irish pirate and privateer who left English service and sailed for Spain [1] instead as a guarda costa privateer in the Caribbean.
Turn Joe, “a bold enterprising Fellow,” [2] commanded a trio of ships under commission from a Spanish Governor in the Caribbean. [3] Off Long Island in the Bahamas in late 1718 his ships were attacked by three pirates led by John Auger and Phineas Bunce, who mistook the Spanish vessels for salt-trading sloops. [2] The pirate vessel commanded by Bunce approached and demanded the Spanish ships surrender but was met with a hail of small arms fire, killing or wounding many of the pirates. The survivors leapt overboard and swam ashore. The second pirate ship mistook the gunfire as Bunce’s and approached the anchored ships, only to be met with gunfire. Again many of them were wounded and the remainder swam ashore. The third pirate ship repeated the mistakes of the first two and was captured immediately afterward. Turn Joe’s Spanish ships suffered no casualties. [2]
After questioning his prisoners, Turn Joe put the wounded men and those he’d determined to have been forced into piracy aboard a spare boat and released them to sail back to New Providence. Bunce died of his wounds soon after arriving. [3] Woodes Rogers had been tasked with pacifying the pirates plaguing the Bahamas. When word reached New Providence that a number of pirates were nearby and likely vulnerable, Rogers sent pardoned pirate Benjamin Hornigold to retrieve them. Hornigold returned with John Auger and the surviving pirates; they were tried in November 1718 and hanged shortly after. [4] Turn Joe himself was eventually hunted down and killed by privateer John Bonnevie, who would later assist Jonathan Barnet in capturing Calico Jack. [2]
Benjamin Hornigold was an English pirate towards the end of the Golden Age of Piracy.
Woodes Rogers was an English sea captain, privateer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of the Bahamas from 1718 to 1721 and again from 1728 to 1732. He is remembered as the captain of the vessel that rescued marooned Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk, whose plight is generally believed to have inspired Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe. Rogers came from an experienced seafaring family, grew up in Poole and Bristol, and served a marine apprenticeship to a Bristol sea captain. His father, who held shares in many ships, died when Rogers was in his mid-twenties, leaving Rogers in control of the family shipping business.
Henry Jennings was an English privateer-turned-pirate. Jennings's first recorded act of piracy took place in early 1716 when, with three vessels and 150–300 men, Jennings's fleet ambushed the Spanish salvage camp from the 1715 Treasure Fleet. After the Florida raid, Jennings and his crew also linked up with Benjamin Hornigold's "three sets of pirates" from New Providence Island.
The Republic of Pirates was the base and stronghold of a loose confederacy run by privateers-turned-pirates in Nassau on New Providence island in the Bahamas during the Golden Age of Piracy for about twelve years from 1706 until 1718. While it was not a republic in a formal sense, it was governed by an informal pirate code, which dictated that the crews of the Republic would vote on the leadership of their ships and treat other pirate crews with civility. The term comes from Colin Woodard's book of the same name.
John Auger was a pirate active in the Bahamas around 1718. He is primarily remembered for being captured by pirate turned pirate-hunter Benjamin Hornigold.
Leigh Ashworth was a pirate and privateer operating in the Caribbean in the early 1700s.
The Flying Gang was an 18th-century group of pirates who established themselves in Nassau, New Providence in the Bahamas after the destruction of Port Royal in Jamaica. The gang consisted of the most notorious and cunning pirates of the time, and they terrorized and pillaged the Caribbean until the Royal Navy and infighting brought them to justice. They achieved great fame and wealth by raiding salvagers attempting to recover gold from the sunken Spanish treasure fleet. They established their own codes and governed themselves independent from any of the colonial powers of the time. Nassau was deemed the Republic of Pirates as it attracted many former privateers looking for work to its shores. The Governor of Bermuda stated that there were over 1,000 pirates in Nassau at that time and that they outnumbered the mere hundred inhabitants in the town.
Charles Yeats was a pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for sailing alongside and then abandoning Charles Vane.
Richard Noland was an Irish pirate active in the Caribbean. He was best known for sailing with Samuel Bellamy before working for the Spanish as a privateer.
Francis Leslie was a pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known as one of the leaders of the "Flying Gang" of pirates operating out of New Providence.
Josiah Burgess was an English pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known as one of the heads of New Providence’s “Flying Gang.”
Jean Bonadvis was a French pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for his involvement with Benjamin Hornigold and "Calico Jack" Rackham.
Captain Grinnaway was a pirate from Bermuda, best known for being briefly and indirectly involved with Edward Teach.
Nicholas Woodall was a pirate and smuggler active in the Caribbean. He is best known for his involvement with Charles Vane and Benjamin Hornigold.
Daniel Stillwell was a minor pirate in the Caribbean, best known for his association with Benjamin Hornigold.
John Cockram was a pirate, trader, and pirate hunter in the Caribbean, best known for his association with Admiral Benjamin Hornigold.
William Fox was a pirate active in the Caribbean and off the African coast. He was indirectly associated with a number of more prominent pirates such as Bartholomew Roberts, Edward England, and Richard Taylor.
Thomas Barrow was a pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for proclaiming himself Governor of New Providence.
Phineas Bunce was a pirate active in the Caribbean. He was pardoned for piracy but reverted to it immediately afterwards and was killed by a Spanish pirate hunter.
The Proclamation for Suppressing of Pirates was a royal proclamation issued by George I of Great Britain on 5 September 1717. It promised a pardon for acts of piracy committed before the following 5 January to those pirates who surrendered themselves to the correct authority before a deadline. Originally, the surrender had to occur on or before 5 September 1718; this was later extended by a second proclamation to 1 July 1719.