Vetus Latinamanuscripts are handwritten copies of the earliest Latin translations of the Bible (including the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, the Deuterocanonical books, and the New Testament), known as the " Vetus Latina " or "Old Latin". They originated prior to Jerome from multiple translators, and differ from Vulgate manuscripts which follow the late-4th-century Latin translation mainly done by Jerome.
Vetus Latina and Vulgate manuscripts continued to be copied alongside each other until the Late Middle Ages; many copies of the Bible or parts of it have been found using a mixture of Vetus Latina and Vulgate readings.
Textual critics such as the Cambridge scholars Alan Brooke, Norman McLean and Henry S. J. Thackeray (1906–1935, 8 volumes) have used the blackletter (𝕷) as a sign (known as a siglum ) for categorising Vetus Latina manuscripts. [1] [2] [3] David L. Everson (2014) used "OL" (an abbreviation of "Old Latin") as siglum instead. [4]
In 1949, the Vetus-Latina-Institut of Beuron Archabbey introduced a new numerical system for Vetus Latina manuscripts, of which there are several hundreds altogether. These Beuron numbers are designed to provide unambiguous identification of witnesses in academic usage, yet they are not used very widely in general literature, as they may cause confusion with the Greek minuscule manuscripts. [5]
The Vetus-Latina-Institut allocated numbers up to 99 to all existing Vetus Latina manuscripts of the New Testament, depending on what parts of NT they include, and how old their text is. [6] The lowest numbers are allocated to the gospels, and to the most complete manuscripts. For example, Codex Sangermanensis (g1) is a witness for the Gospel of Matthew and sparingly in the remaining gospels (Gosp), and four Old Testament Books, and as it is a full manuscript of the Bible is allocated number 7. [6] : +213-214
From Beuron no. #100 onwards, most Vetus Latina manuscripts are of the Old Testament, the Psalter, and the Apocrypha. There is occasional overlap between them, for example Old Testament glosses found in Spanish Bibles, or when a manuscript contains both Old and New Testament texts. [6]
Unless specified otherwise, details in the below taken from Fitzmyer, Tobit. [7]
Beu | s. | Name | Date | Contents | Editor | Custodian | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | G | Codex Sangermanensis 4 fonds lat. 11553 | 825 | Tobit 1:1–13:2 | Petrus Sabatier Brooke et al. | Bibliothèque nationale de France | Paris, France |
91 [8] 133 | L | Codex Gothicus Legionensis glosses [8] : 1 | 960 [8] : 1 | Genesis (fragments) [8] Tobit [8] : 1 Judith [8] : 1 | Sancho (author) [8] : 1 Alban Dold & [8] : 1 J. Schildenberger [8] : 1 | Basilica of San Isidoro | León, Spain |
94 [8] | Valvanera Polyglot Bible glosses copy [8] | 772 [8] : 2 1561 [8] : 2 | Heptateuch Rg Par Jb Prv Ecl Sap Is Mcc Cath Apc (fragments) [8] : 4 | Hernando del Castillo [8] : 2–4 Dold & Schildenberger [8] : 4 | Incunable Escorial 54.V.35 [8] | Madrid, Spain | |
95 [8] | Madrid glosses [8] | 1150 [8] | Genesis (fragments) [8] | Real Academia de la Historia 2–3 [8] | Madrid, Spain [8] | ||
96 [8] : 5 | Calahorra Codex 2 glosses [8] : 5 | 1183 [8] : 5 | Exodus–Chron., Job (fragm.) [8] : 5 | – [8] : 5 | Calahorra Cathedral [8] : 5 | Calahorra, Spain [8] : 5 | |
100 [9] | OLL [9] 𝔏r [1] | Codex Lugdunensis [9] Lyons Octateuch [1] | 650 [9] | Gen–Lev; Deut–Judges [8] : 6–7 Exodus (695 vv.) [9] | Ulysse Robert [9] [1] | Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon [8] : 5 | Lyon, France |
101 [9] 115 [10] | OLV [9] 𝔏b [2] | Vienna Palimpsest [1] Palimpsestus Vindobonensis [2] | 450 [9] | Gen–Lev (fragments) [8] : 8–9 1 Samuel 1–14 (partial) [2] 2 Samuel 4–18 (partial) [2] | Johannes Belsheim [2] Bonifatius Fischer [9] | Biblioteca Nazionale [8] : 7 | Naples, Italy [8] |
102 [9] | OLO [9] | Codex Ottobonianus lat. 66 [9] [8] | 700 [9] | Gen–Judges Vg/OL mixture [8] : 10 | Carlo Vercellone [9] | Vatican Library | Vatican City |
103 [9] | OLW [9] 𝔏w [1] | Würzburg Palimpsest [9] [1] Palimpsestus Wirceburgensis [9] | 450 [9] | Exodus (503 vv.) [9] | Ernst Ranke [9] [1] | Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg [8] : 10 | Würzburg, Germany |
104 [9] | OLM [9] 𝔏z [2] | Munich Palimpsest [9] Monacensis Clm 6225 [10] | 550 [9] | Exodus–Deuteronomy [11] (609 vv. of Exodus) [9] | Leo Ziegler [9] | Bavarian State Library [10] | Munich, Germany |
105 [8] | 𝔓 Oxy. 1073 | Oxyrhynchus Papyrus VIII 1073 [8] : 12 | 450 [8] | Genesis 5:4–13, 5:29–6:2 [8] : 13 | British Museum; Inv. 2052 [8] | London, UK | |
109 | X | Codex Complutensis I | 850 | Tobit | F. Vattioni | Complutense University Biblioteca Centr. 31 | Madrid, Spain |
111 [8] | Oxford pericopes [8] | 825 [8] : 13 | Gen, Exo, Deut, Songs, Psalm 41, Is, Minor Prophets [8] : 13 | Bodleian Library; Auct. F.4.32 [8] | Oxford, UK [8] | ||
116 [10] | 𝔏m [2] | Magdeburg fragment [2] [3] | 2 Samuel 2:29–3:5 [2] | Wilhelm Weissbrodt [2] [3] | |||
116 [10] | 𝔏q [3] | Quedlinburg Itala fragment [3] | 450 | 1 Samuel 5:9–6:12 [3] 1 Samuel 9:1–8, 10:10–18 [2] | Adalbert Düning [3] Wilhelm Weissbrodt [2] | Berlin State Library Quedlinburg Abbey | Berlin, Germany Quedlinburg, Germany |
130 | M | Codex Monacensis Clm 6239 | 800 | Tobit, Judith, Esther [12] | Johannes Belsheim [13] | Bavarian State Library | Munich, Germany |
135 | J | Codex Bobbiensis E.26 [13] | 875 [13] | Tobit, Esther 1–2, 2 Macc. [13] | Antonio Maria Ceriani [13] | Biblioteca Ambrosiana [13] | Milan, Italy [13] |
145 | C | Codex Reginensis lat. 7 | 850 | Tobit 1:1–6:12 | Petrus Sabatier Brooke et al. | Vatican Library | Vatican City |
148 | Q | Codex Regius fonds lat. 93 or Regius 3564 | 850 | Tobit | Petrus Sabatier Brooke et al. | Bibliothèque nationale de France | Paris, France |
150 | P | Codex Corbeiensis fonds lat. 11505 | 822 | Tobit | Petrus Sabatier Brooke et al. | Bibliothèque nationale de France | Paris, France |
253 [10] | 𝔏e [2] | Einsiedeln fragment [2] | 1420 [10] | 1 Samuel 2:3–10 [2] | S. Berger (1893) [2] | Einsiedeln Abbey | Einsiedeln, Switzerland |
𝔏h [2] | Haupt fragments | 2 Samuel 10:18–11:17, 14:17–30 [2] | Joseph Haupt [2] | ||||
𝔏j [2] | Julius Toletanus fragment [2] | 2 Samuel 24:11–16 [2] | Carlo Vercellone [2] | ||||
s. | Name | Date | Contents | Editor | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLSb [9] 𝔏s [2] | Bibliorum sacrorum latinae versiones antiquae [2] | 1750 [9] | Entire Bible | Petrus Sabatier [9] | Paris |
𝔏v [2] | Variae lectiones Vulgatae latinae editionis Bibliorum [1] [2] | 1860–64 | Carlo Vercellone [1] [2] | Rome | |
Vetus Latina: die Reste der altlateinischen Bibel | 1945–present | Entire Bible (half completed, in progress) [14]
| Vetus-Latina-Institut | Beuron |
The table below employs the following conventions.
Unless specified otherwise, details taken from Piggin, The Original Beuron Numbers of 1949. [10]
For precision, publication data is given in the language of the title page of the edition. To make this information comprehensible to the English language reader, links are provided to English language article titles, where necessary and possible.[ citation needed ]
When a single editor is responsible for more than one edition, these are listed in alphabetical order of the sigla of the relevant manuscripts. In such cases, if the manuscript is not readily identifiable from the title, its name (siglum and number) are appended after the citation.[ citation needed ]
Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Depot Breslau 3 (codex Rehdigeranus); formerly: Wroclaw, Municipal Library Rehdigeranus 169