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Voting interest (or voting power) is the legal capacity of a shareholder to influence corporate governance through the exercise of voting rights. While generally based on the proportionality of capital, the specific exercise and calculation of this power are governed by national statutes.
Most jurisdictions operate on the default principle of "one share, one vote," though this may be altered by a company's constitutional documents.
A critical aspect of calculating voting interest is the treatment of shares held by the company itself, known as treasury shares. These shares are excluded from the total voting power to prevent management from voting on their own behalf.
In all three major jurisdictions, treasury shares are legally "dormant" and cannot be exercised:
Legal frameworks also define how "majority interest" is calculated when shares are held indirectly through subsidiaries. Under German law, shares held by a controlled enterprise or for the account of the parent are treated as equivalent to treasury shares for calculation purposes. [7]
In the US and UK, similar "look-through" provisions exist to prevent circular ownership structures where a subsidiary votes in the election of the parent's board, thereby ensuring the integrity of the voting interest calculation.