WASP-6b

Last updated
WASP-6b / Boinayel
Exoplanet Comparison WASP-6 b.png
Size comparison of WASP-6b with Jupiter.
Discovery [1]
Discovered by Gillon et al. (SuperWASP)
Discovery site SAAO
Discovery dateApril 1, 2008
Transit
Orbital characteristics [2]
0.04217+0.00079
−0.0012  AU
Eccentricity <0.070
3.36100239(37)  d
Inclination 88.47°+0.65°
−0.47°
1.70+0.12
−0.23 [1]
Semi-amplitude 71.6+2.4
−2.6  m/s
Star WASP-6
Physical characteristics [2]
Mean radius
1.224+0.051
−0.052  RJ
Mass 0.483+0.026
−0.030  MJ
Mean density
0.326+0.048
−0.043  g/cm3
0.82 g
Temperature 1235+70
−77  K (962 °C; 1,763 °F) [3]

    WASP-6b, also named Boinayel, is an exoplanet approximately 650 light years away in the constellation Aquarius. It was discovered in 2008, by the WASP survey, by astronomical transit across its parent star WASP-6. This planet orbits at only 4% of the Earth-Sun distance. The planet has a mass half that of Jupiter, but its insolation has forced a thermal expansion of its radius to greater than that of Jupiter. [1] Thus, this planet is an inflated hot Jupiter. [1] [4] Starspots on the host star WASP-6 helped to refine the measurements of the mass and the radius of the planet. [5]

    Contents

    Comparison of "hot Jupiter" exoplanets (artist concept). From top left to lower right: WASP-12b, WASP-6b, WASP-31b, WASP-39b, HD 189733b, HAT-P-12b, WASP-17b, WASP-19b, HAT-P-1b and HD 209458b. Clear to cloudy hot Jupiters.jpg
    Comparison of "hot Jupiter" exoplanets (artist concept).

    From top left to lower right: WASP-12b, WASP-6b, WASP-31b, WASP-39b, HD 189733b, HAT-P-12b, WASP-17b, WASP-19b, HAT-P-1b and HD 209458b.

    Naming

    In 2019 the IAU announced as part of NameExoWorlds that WASP-6 and its planet WASP-6b would be given official names chosen by school children from The Dominican Republic. [6] [7] The planet WASP-6b is named Boinayel. Boinayel is a Taino deity of rain, that fertilizes the soil. [8] [9]

    Orbit

    A study in 2012, utilizing the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, determined that the planetary orbit is probably aligned with the equatorial plane of the star, with misalignment equal to -11+18
    −14    °. [10]

    Atmosphere

    Observations with the Magellan Telescope in 2013 studied the transits in different wavelengths. The study observed a decrease in transit depth as a function of wavelength, characteristic of a scattering haze. No spectral features were detected. [11] A study in 2015 using Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope data also found evidence of a scattering haze, but it found tentative evidence for sodium and potassium. [12] A study in 2015, using the Spitzer Space Telescope detected the eclipse of the planet behind the host star. The study found a dayside temperature of 1235+70
    −77     K (962+70
    −77     °C) and 1118+68
    −74     K (845+68
    −74     °C) for the 3.6 and 4.5 μm channels respectively. [3] A study from 2019 using data from ground based observatories, such as the Very Large Telescope and space telescopes, such as the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite analysed the atmosphere of WASP-6b. This study confirmed the presence of sodium and potassium in the atmosphere. The study also found water vapour in the atmosphere of the planet. The study came to the conclusion that despite the presence of a haze in the atmosphere of WASP-6b, the planet remains a favourable object for future atmospheric characterisation with missions such as JWST. [13] [4]

    See also

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 189733 b</span> Hot Jupiter exoplanet in the constellation Vulpecula

    HD 189733 b is an exoplanet in the constellation of Vulpecula approximately 64.5 light-years away from our Solar System. Astronomers in France discovered the planet orbiting the star HD 189733 on October 5, 2005, by observing its transit across the star's face. With a mass 11.2% higher than that of Jupiter and a radius 11.4% greater, HD 189733 b orbits its host star once every 2.2 days at an orbital speed of 152.0 kilometers per second, making it a hot Jupiter with poor prospects for extraterrestrial life.

    WASP-6, also officially named Márohu, is a type-G yellow dwarf star located about 651 light-years away in the Aquarius constellation. Dim at magnitude 12, it is visible through a moderate sized amateur telescope. The star is about 80% of the size and mass of the Sun and it is a little cooler. Starspots in the WASP-6 system helped to refine the measurements of the mass and the radius of the planet WASP-6b.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">WASP-19b</span> Extrasolar planet in the constellation Vela

    WASP-19b, formally named Banksia, is an exoplanet, notable for possessing one of the shortest orbital periods of any known planetary body: 0.7888399 days or approximately 18.932 hours. It has a mass close to that of Jupiter, but by comparison has a much larger radius ; making it nearly the size of a low-mass star. It orbits the star WASP-19 in the Vela constellation. At the time of discovery it was the shortest period hot Jupiter discovered as planets with shorter orbital periods had a rocky, or metallic composition.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">WASP-43b</span> Extrasolar planet in the constellation Sextans

    WASP-43b, formally named Astrolábos, is a transiting planet in orbit around the young, active, and low-mass star WASP-43 in the constellation Sextans. The planet is a hot Jupiter with a mass twice that of Jupiter, but with a roughly equal radius. WASP-43b was flagged as a candidate by the SuperWASP program, before they conducted follow-ups using instruments at La Silla Observatory in Chile, which confirmed its existence and provided orbital and physical characteristics. The planet's discovery was published on April 14, 2011.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">WASP-31b</span> Hot Jupiter orbiting the star WASP-31

    WASP-31b is a low-density (puffy) "hot Jupiter" extrasolar planet orbiting the metal-poor dwarf star WASP-31. The exoplanet was discovered in 2010 by the WASP project. WASP-31b is in the constellation of Crater, and is about 1305 light-years from Earth.

    WASP-26 is a yellow main sequence star in the constellation of Cetus.

    WASP-36 is a yellow main sequence star in the Hydra constellation.

    HAT-P-18 is a K-type main-sequence star about 530 light-years away. The star is very old and has a concentration of heavy elements similar to solar abundance. A survey in 2015 detected very strong starspot activity on HAT-P-18.

    WASP-78, is a single F-type main-sequence star about 2500 light-years away. It is likely to be younger than the Sun at 3.4+1.5
    −0.8     billion years. WASP-78 is depleted in heavy elements, having a 45% concentration of iron compared to the Sun.

    WASP-52 is a K-type main-sequence star about 570 light-years away. It is older than the Sun at 10.7+1.9
    −4.5     billion years, but it has a similar fraction of heavy elements. The star has prominent starspot activity, with 3% to 14% of the stellar surface covered by areas 575±150 K cooler than the rest of the photosphere.

    WASP-88 is a F-type main-sequence star. Its surface temperature is 6450±61 K. WASP-88 is similar to the Sun in its concentration of heavy elements, with a metallicity Fe/H index of 0.03±0.04, and is younger at an age of 3.0±1.3 billion years.

    WASP-80 is a K-type main-sequence star about 162 light-years away. The star's age is much younger than the Sun's at 1.352±0.222 billion years. WASP-80 is similar to the Sun in concentration of heavy elements, although this measurement is highly uncertain.

    WASP-103 is an F-type main-sequence star located 1,800 ± 100 light-years away in the constellation Hercules. Its surface temperature is 6,110±160 kelvins (K). The star's concentration of heavy elements is similar to that of the Sun. WASP-103 is slightly younger than the Sun at 4±1 billion years. The chromospheric activity of the star is elevated due to interaction with the giant planet on a close-in orbit.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">WASP-96b</span> Gas giant exoplanet targeted for spectroscopy

    WASP-96b is a gas giant exoplanet. Its mass is 0.48 Jupiters. It is 0.0453 AU from the class G star WASP-96, which it orbits every 3.4 days. It is about 1,120 light-years away from Earth, in the constellation Phoenix. It was discovered in 2013 by the Wide Angle Search for Planets (WASP).

    WASP-96 is a G8-type star, located approximately 1150 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Phoenix.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 Gillon; Anderson, D. R.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Hellier, C.; Maxted, P. F. L.; Pollaco, D.; Queloz, D.; Smalley, B.; et al. (2009). "Discovery and characterization of WASP-6b, an inflated sub-Jupiter mass planet transiting a solar-type star". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 501 (2): 785–792. arXiv: 0901.4705 . Bibcode:2009A&A...501..785G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911749. S2CID   53607680.
    2. 1 2 Bonomo, A. S.; Desidera, S.; et al. (June 2017). "The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 602: A107. arXiv: 1704.00373 . Bibcode:2017A&A...602A.107B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629882.
    3. 1 2 Kammer, Joshua A.; Knutson, Heather A.; Line, Michael R.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Deming, Drake; Burrows, Adam; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Agol, Eric; Desert, Jean-Michel; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Howard, Andrew W.; Laughlin, Gregory P.; Lewis, Nikole K.; Morley, Caroline V.; Moses, Julianne I.; Showman, Adam P.; Todorov, Kamen O. (September 2015). "Spitzer Secondary Eclipse Observations of Five Cool Gas Giant Planets and Empirical Trends in Cool Planet Emission Spectra". Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 118. arXiv: 1508.00902 . Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..118K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/118. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   13378720.
    4. 1 2 Carter, Aarynn L.; Nikolov, Nikolay; Sing, David K.; Alam, Munazza K.; Goyal, Jayesh M.; Mikal-Evans, Thomas; Wakeford, Hannah R.; Henry, Gregory W.; Morrell, Sam; López-Morales, Mercedes; Smalley, Barry; Lavvas, Panayotis; Barstow, Joanna K.; Muñoz, Antonio García; Wilson, Paul A.; Gibson, Neale P. (2020). "Detection of Na, K and H2O in the hazy atmosphere of WASP-6b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 494 (4): 5449–5472. arXiv: 1911.12628 . Bibcode:2020MNRAS.494.5449C. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1078. S2CID   208512858.
    5. ↑ Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy; Southworth, John; Burgdorf, M.; Novati, S. Calchi; Dominik, M.; Finet, F.; Jørgensen, U. G.; Maier, G.; Mancini, L.; Prof, S.; Ricci, D.; Snodgrass, C.; Bozza, V.; Browne, P.; Dodds, P.; Gerner, T.; Harpsøe, K.; Hinse, T. C.; Hundertmark, M.; Kains, N.; Kerins, E.; Liebig, C.; Penny, M. T.; Rahvar, S.; Sahu, K.; Scarpetta, G.; Schäfer, S.; Schönebeck, F.; Skottfelt, J.; Surdej, J. (2015-06-21). "Transits and starspots in the WASP-6 planetary system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 450 (2): 1760–1769. arXiv: 1503.09184 . Bibcode:2015MNRAS.450.1760T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv730. ISSN   0035-8711. S2CID   119259011.
    6. ↑ "NameExoWorlds". 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
    7. ↑ "Naming". 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
    8. ↑ "Approved names". NameExoworlds. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
    9. ↑ "International Astronomical Union | IAU". www.iau.org. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
    10. ↑ Albrecht, Simon; Winn, Joshua N.; Johnson, John A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Butler, R. Paul; Arriagada, Pamela; Crane, Jeffrey D.; Shectman, Stephen A.; Thompson, Ian B.; Hirano, Teruyuki; Bakos, Gaspar; Hartman, Joel D. (2012), "Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments", The Astrophysical Journal, 757 (1): 18, arXiv: 1206.6105 , Bibcode:2012ApJ...757...18A, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/18, S2CID   17174530
    11. ↑ Jordán, Andrés; Espinoza, Néstor; Rabus, Markus; Eyheramendy, Susana; Sing, David K.; Désert, Jean-Michel; Bakos, Gáspár Á.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; López-Morales, Mercedes; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew (2013-11-13). "A GROUND-BASED OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM OF WASP-6b". The Astrophysical Journal. 778 (2): 184. arXiv: 1310.6048 . Bibcode:2013ApJ...778..184J. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/778/2/184. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   34113793.
    12. ↑ Nikolov, N.; Sing, D. K.; Burrows, A. S.; Fortney, J. J.; Henry, G. W.; Pont, F.; Ballester, G. E.; Aigrain, S.; Wilson, P. A.; Huitson, C. M.; Gibson, N. P.; Désert, J.-M.; Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Showman, A. P.; Vidal-Madjar, A.; Wakeford, H. R.; Zahnle, K. (2015-02-11). "HST hot-Jupiter transmission spectral survey: haze in the atmosphere of WASP-6b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (1): 463–478. arXiv: 1411.4567 . Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447..463N. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2433. ISSN   0035-8711. S2CID   12031486.
    13. ↑ waspplanets (2019-12-08). "The atmosphere of the inflated hot Jupiter WASP-6b". WASP Planets. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
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